Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اَلْعَبْدَ لَيُرْفَعُ لَهُ مِنْ صَلاَتِهِ نِصْفُهَا وَ ثُلُثُهَا وَ رُبُعُهَا وَ خُمُسُهَا فَمَا يُرْفَعُ إِلاَّ مَا أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهَا بِقَلْبِهِ وَ إِنَّمَا أُمِرُوا بِالنَّوَافِلِ لِيُتَمَّمَ لَهُمْ بِهَا مَا نَقَصُوا مِنَ اَلْفَرِيضَةِ»

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim from Muhammad ibn Muslim: Abu Ja‘far (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "Indeed, a servant’s prayer may be raised up for him as half of it, or a third of it, or a fourth of it, or a fifth of it. Only that part of it is raised up in which his heart is truly present. And they were commanded to perform supererogatory prayers so that with them, what was lacking from the obligatory prayers could be completed."

عَنْهُ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَمَّنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:« يُرْفَعُ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ رُبُعُهَا أَوْ ثُمُنُهَا أَوْ نِصْفُهَا أَوْ أَكْثَرُ بِقَدْرِ مَا سَهَا وَ لَكِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَعَالَى يُتِمُّ ذَلِكَ بِالنَّوَافِلِ»

From him, from Faddalah from someone who narrated it from Abu Basir, who said: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him said: "A man’s prayer may be raised up for him as a fourth of it, or an eighth of it, or a half of it, or more, according to how much he was heedless. But Allah (swt), the Exalted, completes that through the supererogatory prayers."

عَنْهُ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ اَلثُّمَالِيِّ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ يُصَلِّي فَسَقَطَ رِدَاهُ عَنْ مَنْكِبَيْهِ قَالَ فَلَمْ يُسَوِّهِ حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْ صَلاَتِهِ قَالَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ« وَيْحَكَ أَ تَدْرِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْ مَنْ كُنْتُ إِنَّ اَلْعَبْدَ لاَ تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ صَلاَةٌ إِلاَّ مَا أَقْبَلَ مِنْهَا» فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ هَلَكْنَا فَقَالَ« كَلاَّ إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَعَالَى يُتَمِّمُ ذَلِكَ بِالنَّوَافِلِ»

From him, by Hammad ibn ‘Isa, said: One of our companions narrated to me from Abu Hamzah al-Thumali: I (Abu Hamza) saw (Imam) Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s), peace be upon them both, praying, and His (a.s) cloak fell from His (a.s) shoulders. Imam (a.s) did not adjust it until He (a.s) had completed His (a.s) prayer. I asked Imam (a.s) about that, and Imam (a.s) said: "Woe to you! Do you know before whom I was standing? Indeed, a servant’s prayer is not accepted from him except that part of it in which he was fully attentive." I (Abu Hamza) asked: “May I be your ransom! Then we are doomed.” Imam (a.s) said: "No, indeed Allah (swt), the Exalted, completes that with the supererogatory prayers."

عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِّي كَثِيرُ اَلسَّهْوِ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ« وَ هَلْ يَسْلَمُ مِنْهُ أَحَدٌ» فَقُلْتُ مَا أَظُنُّ أَحَداً أَكْثَرَ سَهْواً مِنِّي فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ« يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ إِنَّ اَلْعَبْدَ يُرْفَعُ لَهُ ثُلُثُ صَلاَتِهِ وَ نِصْفُهَا وَ ثَلاَثَةُ أَرْبَاعِهَا وَ أَقَلُّ وَ أَكْثَرُ عَلَى قَدْرِ سَهْوِهِ فِيهِ وَ لَكِنَّهُ يُتَمُّ لَهُ مِنَ اَلنَّوَافِلِ» فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ مَا أَرَى اَلنَّوَافِلَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُتْرَكَ عَلَى حَالٍ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ« أَجَلْ لاَ»

From him, from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah from Abu Basir, who said: A man said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, while I was listening: "May I be your ransom! I am very forgetful in prayer." Imam (a.s) said: "And is there anyone who is safe from it?" I said: "I do not think anyone is more forgetful than I am." Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "O Aba Muhammad, a servant’s prayer may be raised for him as a third, or a half, or three-quarters, or less, or more, according to the extent of his forgetfulness in it. But it is completed for him through the supererogatory prayers." Then Abu Basir said to Imam (a.s): "I see that the supererogatory prayers should never be abandoned under any circumstance." Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "Yes, indeed."

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ اَلْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنِ اَلْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُمَا قَالاَ:« إِنَّمَا لَكَ مِنْ صَلاَتِكَ مَا أَقْبَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهَا فَإِنْ أَوْهَمَهَا كُلَّهَا أَوْ غَفَلَ عَنْ أَدَائِهَا لُفَّتْ فَضُرِبَ بِهَا وَجْهُ صَاحِبِهَا»

Muhammad ibn Isma‘il from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Hammad ibn Isa from Hariz from al-Fudayl ibn Yasar from Abu Ja‘far (a.s) and Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon them both: (Imam (a.s)) said: "You are granted from your prayer only that portion of it to which you give your attention. So if you are heedless of it entirely, or neglect its performance, it is wrapped up and struck against the face of its performer."

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ حَرِيزٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنِّي نَسِيتُ أَنِّي فِي صَلاَةٍ فَرِيضَةٍ حَتَّى رَكَعْتُ وَ أَنَا أَنْوِيهَا تَطَوُّعاً قَالَ فَقَالَ« هِيَ اَلَّتِي قُمْتَ فِيهَا إِنْ كُنْتَ قُمْتَ وَ أَنْتَ تَنْوِي فَرِيضَةً ثُمَّ دَخَلَكَ اَلشَّكُّ فَأَنْتَ فِي اَلْفَرِيضَةِ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ دَخَلْتَ فِي نَافِلَةٍ فَتَنْوِيهَا فَرِيضَةً فَأَنْتَ فِي اَلنَّافِلَةِ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ دَخَلْتَ فِي فَرِيضَةٍ ثُمَّ ذَكَرْتَ نَافِلَةً كَانَتْ عَلَيْكَ فَامْضِ فِي اَلْفَرِيضَةِ»

Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Abdullah ibn al-Mughirah, who said: In the book of Hariz, he said: “I forgot that I was in an obligatory prayer until I had already bowed, and I had intended it as a supererogatory prayer.” He said: "It is according to what you stood for, if you stood with the intention of an obligatory prayer and then doubt entered upon you, then you are in the obligatory prayer. But if you began with the intention of a supererogatory prayer and then intended it to be obligatory, then you are in the supererogatory prayer. And if you began in an obligatory prayer and then remembered a supererogatory prayer that was due upon you, then proceed with the obligatory prayer."

محمد بن مسعود العياشي عن جعفر بن أحمد عن علي بن الحسن عن محمد بن عيسى عن يونس عن معاوية قال سألت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام عن رجل قام في الصلاة المكتوبة فسها فظن انها نافلة أو كان في النافلة فظن انها مكتوبة قال هي ما أفتتح الصلاة عليه

Muhammad ibn Mas‘ud al-‘Ayyashi from Ja‘far ibn Ahmad from Ali ibn al-Hasan from Muhammad ibn Isa from Yunus from Mu‘awiyah, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about a man who stood for an obligatory prayer but due to forgetfulness thought it was a supererogatory one, or was in a supererogatory prayer and thought it was an obligatory one. Imam (a.s) said: "It is according to what he began the prayer upon."

عَنْهُ عَنْ حَمْدَوَيْهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْعَزِيزِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَامَ فِي صَلاَةٍ فَرِيضَةٍ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَةً وَ هُوَ يَنْوِي أَنَّهَا نَافِلَةٌ قَالَ «هِيَ اَلَّتِي قُمْتَ فِيهَا وَ لَهَا» وَ قَالَ« إِذَا قُمْتَ وَ أَنْتَ تَنْوِي اَلْفَرِيضَةَ فَدَخَلَكَ اَلشَّكُّ بَعْدُ فَأَنْتَ فِي اَلْفَرِيضَةِ عَلَى اَلَّذِي قُمْتَ لَهُ وَإِنْ كُنْتَ دَخَلْتَ فِيهَا وَأَنْتَ تَنْوِي نَافِلَةً ثُمَّ إِنَّكَ تَنْوِيهَا بَعْدُ فَرِيضَةً فَأَنْتَ فِي اَلنَّافِلَةِ وَإِنَّمَا يُحْسَبُ لِلْعَبْدِ مِنْ صَلاَتِهِ اَلَّتِي اِبْتَدَأَ فِي أَوَّلِ صَلاَتِهِ»

From him, from Hamdawayh, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from Abdul-Aziz, from Abdullah ibn Abi Ya‘fur, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who stood for an obligatory prayer and prayed one rak‘ah while intending it to be a supererogatory prayer. Imam (a.s) said: "It is according to what you stood for and intended." And Imam (a.s) said: "If you stood while intending an obligatory prayer, and then doubt entered upon you afterward, then you are in the obligatory prayer according to what you stood for. But if you began it while intending it as a supererogatory prayer, and then afterward you intend it as obligatory, then you are in the supererogatory prayer. Indeed, what is counted for the servant from his prayer is what he began with at the start of his prayer."

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مُوسَى اَلسَّابَاطِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ ثَمَانِيَ رَكَعَاتٍ فَيُصَلِّي عَشْرَ رَكَعَاتٍ أَيَحْتَسِبُ بِالرَّكْعَتَيْنِ مِنْ صَلاَةٍ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ« لاَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَهَا عَمْداً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَنْوِ ذَلِكَ فَلاَ»

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan from ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from ‘Ammar ibn Musa al-Sabati: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, (was asked) regarding a man who intends to pray eight rak‘ahs but ends up praying ten rak‘ahs, are the two extra rak‘ahs counted as part of another prayer upon him? Imam (a.s) said: "No, unless he deliberately intends that. But if he did not intend it, then no."

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ وَ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلسَّهْوِ فِي اَلنَّافِلَةِ فَقَالَ« لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ»

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Faddalah and Safwan from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim from one of the two (Imams (a.s)), peace be upon them, who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about forgetfulness in the supererogatory prayer. Imam (a.s) said: "There is nothing upon you."

عَنْهُ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنِ اِبْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« إِذَا كَثُرَ عَلَيْكَ اَلسَّهْوُ فَامْضِ فِي صَلاَتِكَ»

From him, from Faddalah, from Ibn Sinan, from more than one person: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "If forgetfulness becomes frequent for you, then proceed with your prayer."

عَنْهُ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« إِذَا كَثُرَ عَلَيْكَ اَلسَّهْوُ فَامْضِ عَلَى صَلاَتِكَ فَإِنَّهُ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَدَعَكَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنَ اَلشَّيْطَانِ»

From him, from Faddalah, from al-‘Ala’, from Muhammad ibn Muslim: Abu Ja‘far (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "If forgetfulness becomes frequent for you, then proceed with your prayer, for it is likely to leave you. Indeed, it is from Shaytan."

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اَللَّهِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلسَّهْوِ فَإِنَّهُ يَكْثُرُ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ« أَدْرِجْ صَلاَتَكَ إِدْرَاجاً» قُلْتُ وَ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ اَلْإِدْرَاجُ قَالَ« ثَلاَثُ تَسْبِيحَاتٍ فِي اَلرُّكُوعِ وَ اَلسُّجُودِ»

Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ibn Bukayr from Ubaydullah al-Halabi, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about forgetfulness (in prayer), for it occurs frequently with me. Imam (a.s) said: "Merge your prayer with merging (idraj)." I asked: “What is merging?” Imam (a.s) said: "Three tasbihat (glorifications) in the bowing and prostration."

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ اِبْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« كُلُّ مَا شَكَكْتَ فِيهِ مِمَّا قَدْ مَضَى فَامْضِهِ كَمَا هُوَ»

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Safwan from Ibn Bukayr from Muhammad ibn Muslim: Abu Ja‘far (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "Everything you doubt from what has already passed, proceed with it as it is."

عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلنَّضْرِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ اَلْحَجَّاجِ وَ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلسَّهْوِ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ« تَبْنِي عَلَى اَلْيَقِينِ وَ تَأْخُذُ بِالْجَزْمِ وَ تَحْتَاطُ بِالصَّلاَةِ كُلِّهَا»

From him, from al-Nadr, from Muhammad ibn Abi Hamzah, from Abdur-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj and Ali: Abu Ibrahim (a.s), peace be upon him, (was asked) regarding forgetfulness in prayer. Imam (a.s) said: "You build upon certainty, act upon what is firm, and apply precaution to the entire prayer."

عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ اَلْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لَيْسَ عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ سَهْوٌ وَ لاَ عَلَى مَنْ خَلْفَ اَلْإِمَامِ سَهْوٌ وَ لاَ عَلَى اَلسَّهْوِ سَهْوٌ وَ لاَ عَلَى اَلْإِعَادَةِ إِعَادَةٌ»

Ali from his father from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bukhtari: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "There is no forgetfulness upon the Imam (of prayer), nor upon the one who is behind the Imam (of prayer). There is no forgetfulness upon forgetfulness, and there is no repetition upon repetition."

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «إِذَا قُمْتَ فِي اَلرَّكْعَتَيْنِ مِنَ اَلظُّهْرِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِمَا وَ لَمْ تَتَشَهَّدْ فِيهِمَا فَذَكَرْتَ ذَلِكَ فِي اَلرَّكْعَةِ اَلثَّالِثَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَرْكَعَ فَاجْلِسْ فَتَشَهَّدْ وَ قُمْ فَأَتِمَّ صَلاَتَكَ وَ إِنْ أَنْتَ لَمْ تَذْكُرْ حَتَّى تَرْكَعَ فَامْضِ فِي صَلاَتِكَ حَتَّى تَفْرُغَ فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَاسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيِ اَلسَّهْوِ بَعْدَ اَلتَّسْلِيمِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَتَكَلَّمَ»

Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hammad ibn Uthman from al-Halabi: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "If you stand up after the two rak‘ahs of Dhuhr or any other prayer and did not recite the tashahhud in them, and you remember that in the third rak‘ah before bowing, then sit and recite the tashahhud, then stand and complete your prayer. But if you do not remember until after you have bowed, then proceed with your prayer until you complete it. Once you have finished, perform the two prostrations of forgetfulness after the taslim and before you speak."

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:« إِذَا قُمْتَ فِي اَلرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اَلْأَوَّلَتَيْنِ وَ لَمْ تَتَشَهَّدْ فَذَكَرْتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَرْكَعَ فَاقْعُدْ فَتَشَهَّدْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَذْكُرْ حَتَّى تَرْكَعَ فَامْضِ فِي صَلاَتِكَ كَمَا أَنْتَ فَإِذَا اِنْصَرَفْتَ سَجَدْتَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ لاَ رُكُوعَ فِيهِمَا ثُمَّ تَتَشَهَّدُ اَلتَّشَهُّدَ اَلَّذِي فَاتَكَ»

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah, who said: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "If you stand up after the first two rak‘ahs and did not recite the tashahhud, and you remember before you bow, then sit and recite the tashahhud. But if you do not remember until after you have bowed, then proceed with your prayer as you are. Then, when you have finished, perform two prostrations in which there is no bowing, then recite the tashahhud that you missed."

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنِ اَلْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّي اَلرَّكْعَتَيْنِ مِنَ اَلْمَكْتُوبَةِ ثُمَّ يَنْسَى فَيَقُومُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ بَيْنَهُمَا قَالَ« فَلْيَجْلِسْ مَا لَمْ يَرْكَعْ وَ قَدْ تَمَّتْ صَلاَتُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ حَتَّى يَرْكَعَ فَلْيَمْضِ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَإِذَا سَلَّمَ نَقَرَ ثِنْتَيْنِ وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ»

Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Ibn Abi Umayr from ‘Umar ibn Udhaynah from al-Fudayl ibn Yasar: Abu Ja‘far (a.s), peace be upon him, (was asked) regarding a man who prays the first two rak‘ahs of an obligatory prayer, then forgets and stands up before sitting between them. Imam (a.s) said: "Then let him sit down as long as he has not yet bowed, and his prayer is complete. But if he does not remember until after he has bowed, then let him continue in his prayer. When he finishes with the salam, he should peck out (quickly perform) two (rak‘ahs) while sitting."

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْبَرْقِيُّ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ اَلْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ اَلْأَوَّلِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَ سَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فِي اَلرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اَلْأَوَّلَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ« نَعَمْ» قُلْتُ وَ حَالُهُ حَالُهُ قَالَ« إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُفَقِّهَهُمْ»

Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Barqi from Mansur ibn al-‘Abbas from ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id from al-Hasan ibn Sadaqah: I said to Abu al-Hasan al-Awwal (a.s), peace be upon him: “Did the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, ever end his prayer with the taslīm after only the first two rak‘ahs?” Imam (a.s) said: "Yes." I asked: “Even in his state, as he was?” Imam (a.s) said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, only intended to teach them (people around Him (saws)) jurisprudence."

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلنُّعْمَانِ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ اَلْأَعْرَجِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: «صَلَّى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَسَأَلَهُ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ أَحَدَثَ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ شَيْءٌ قَالَ« وَ مَا ذَاكَ» قَالُوا إِنَّمَا صَلَّيْتَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ« أَ كَذَاكَ يَا ذَا اَلْيَدَيْنِ» وَ كَانَ يُدْعَى ذَا اَلشِّمَالَيْنِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَبَنَى عَلَى صَلاَتِهِ فَأَتَمَّ اَلصَّلاَةَ أَرْبَعاً وَ قَالَ« إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ هُوَ اَلَّذِي أَنْسَاهُ رَحْمَةً لِلْأُمَّةِ أَ لاَ تَرَى لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً صَنَعَ هَذَا لَعُيِّرَ»» وَ قِيلَ مَا تُقْبَلُ صَلاَتُكَ فَمَنْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ اَلْيَوْمَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ« قَدْ سَنَّ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ صَارَتْ أُسْوَةً وَ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ لِمَكَانِ اَلْكَلاَمِ»

Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa from Ali ibn al-Nu‘man from Sa‘id al-A‘raj, who said: I heard Abu Abdillah (a.s) say: "The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, once prayed and then performed the salam after two rak‘ahs. Those behind Him (saws) said: 'O Messenger of Allah (swt), has something occurred in the prayer?' He (saws) said: 'What is that?' They said: 'You only prayed two rak‘ahs.' He (saws) said: 'Is that so, O Dhu al-Yadayn?', as he used to be called Dhu al-Shimalayn. He (Dhu al-Shimalayn) replied: 'Yes.' So the Prophet (saws) continued from where He (saws) had left off, completed the prayer as four rak‘ahs, and said: 'Indeed, Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, is the One (azj) who made me forget, as a mercy to the ummah. Do you not see that if a man were to do this, he would be reproached, and it would be said to him: ‘Your prayer is not accepted?' But whoever experiences this now, let him know that the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, has already established the precedent and it has become a model to follow.' And He (saws) performed two prostrations (sajdatayn) because of the speech that took place."

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَامَ قَالَ« يَسْتَقْبِلُ» قُلْتُ فَمَا يَرْوِي اَلنَّاسُ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ حَدِيثَ ذِي اَلشِّمَالَيْنِ فَقَالَ« إِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لَمْ يَبْرَحْ مِنْ مَكَانِهِ وَ لَوْ بَرِحَ اِسْتَقْبَلَ»

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Ibn Abi Umayr from Jamil, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about a man who had prayed two rak‘ahs and then stood up. Imam (a.s) said: "He must start over." I asked: “What about what people narrate, then I mentioned to him the narration of Dhu al-Shimalayn.” Imam (a.s) said: "The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, did not leave His (saws) place, and had He (saws) left it, He (saws) would have had to start over."

عَنْهُ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَامَ فَذَهَبَ فِي حَاجَتِهِ قَالَ« يَسْتَقْبِلُ اَلصَّلاَةَ» فَقُلْتُ مَا بَالُ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لَمْ يَسْتَقْبِلْ حِينَ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ« إِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لَمْ يَنْفَتِلْ مِنْ مَوْضِعِهِ»

From him, from Faddalah, from al-Husayn ibn ‘Uthman, from Sama‘ah, from Abu Basir, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about a man who prayed two rak‘ahs and then got up and went about his need. Imam (a.s) said: "He must begin the prayer anew." I asked: “Why is it that the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, did not restart the prayer when He (saws) had prayed two rak‘ahs?” Imam (a.s) said: "The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, had not left his place."

فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ دَخَلَ مَعَ اَلْإِمَامِ فِي صَلاَتِهِ وَ قَدْ سَبَقَهُ بِرَكْعَةٍ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ اَلْإِمَامُ خَرَجَ مَعَ اَلنَّاسِ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ فَاتَتْهُ رَكْعَةٌ قَالَ« يُعِيدُهَا رَكْعَةً وَاحِدَةً»

As for what was narrated by al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Safwan by al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad by Abu Ja‘far (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) was asked about a man who joined the Imam (of prayer) in prayer while the Imam (of prayer) had already performed one rak‘ah before him. When the Imam completed the prayer, the man left with the people, then afterward remembered that he had missed a rak‘ah. Imam (a.s) said: "He should repeat it as one rak‘ah."

عَنْهُ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّي اَلْغَدَاةَ رَكْعَةً وَ يَتَشَهَّدُ ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُ وَ يَذْهَبُ وَ يَجِيءُ ثُمَّ يَذْكُرُ بَعْدُ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا صَلَّى رَكْعَةً قَالَ« يُضِيفُ إِلَيْهَا رَكْعَةً»

From him, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Abdullah ibn Bukayr, from Ubayd ibn Zurarah, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about a man who performs the morning prayer as one rak‘ah, recites the tashahhud, then finishes, leaves, and goes about, and afterward remembers that he had only prayed one rak‘ah. Imam (a.s) said: "He should add one rak‘ah to it."

فلا تنافي بين هذين الخبرين والخبر الاول الذي قدمناه عن عمار الساباطي وبين الاخبار الاولة لان الوجه في هذه الاخبار أن نحملها على انه إذا انصرف وذهب وجاء من غير أن يستدبر القبلة جاز له حينئذ البناء على ما مضى والاخبار الاولة محمولة على انه إذا استدبر القبلة وجب عليه استيناف الصلاة فلا تنافي بينهما على حال والذي يزيد ذلك بيانا ما رواه

So there is no contradiction between these two reports and the first report which we presented earlier from ‘Ammar al-Sabati, nor with the earlier reports, because the interpretation of these reports is that if the person finishes (the prayer) and goes and returns without having turned his back to the qiblah, then it is permissible for him at that point to continue building upon what has already been performed. As for the earlier reports, they are to be understood as applying to the case where he turned his back to the qiblah, in which case it becomes obligatory upon him to begin the prayer anew. So there is no contradiction between them in any case. What further clarifies this is what has been narrated:

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« مَنْ حَفِظَ سَهْوَهُ فَأَتَمَّهُ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ سَجْدَتَا اَلسَّهْوِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ اَلظُّهْرَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ ذُو اَلشِّمَالَيْنِ يَارَسُولَ اَللَّهِ أَ نَزَلَ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ« وَ مَا ذَاكَ» قَالَ إِنَّمَا صَلَّيْتَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ« أَتَقُولُونَ مِثْلَ قَوْلِهِ» قَالُوا نَعَمْ فَقَامَ فَأَتَمَّ بِهِمُ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ اَلسَّهْوِ» قَالَ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ ظَنَّ أَنَّهَا أَرْبَعٌ فَسَلَّمَ وَ اِنْصَرَفَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ بَعْدَمَا ذَهَبَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَالَ« يَسْتَقْبِلُ اَلصَّلاَةَ مِنْ أَوَّلِهَا» قَالَ قُلْتُ فَمَا بَالُ اَلرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ لَمْ يَسْتَقْبِلِ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَإِنَّمَا أَتَمَّ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ صَلاَتِهِ فَقَالَ« إِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لَمْ يَبْرَحْ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَبْرَحْ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ فَلْيُتِمَّ مَا نَقَصَ مِنْ صَلاَتِهِ إِذَا كَانَ قَدْ حَفِظَ اَلرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اَلْأَوَّلَتَيْنِ»

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Hasan from Zur‘ah from Sama‘ah: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "Whoever remembers his forgetfulness and completes the prayer, then there are no two prostrations of forgetfulness (sajdatay al-sahw) required upon him. Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, once led the people in Dhuhr prayer, prayed two rak‘ahs, then due to forgetfulness stopped. Dhu al-Shimalayn said to Him (saws): 'O Messenger of Allah (swt), has something new been revealed in the prayer?' He (saws) said: 'What is that?' He (Dhu al-Shimalayn) said: 'You only prayed two rak‘ahs.' The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, said: 'Do you all say what he (Dhu al-Shimalayn) is saying?' They said: 'Yes.' So He (saws) stood up and completed the prayer with them and performed two prostrations of forgetfulness." He (Sama‘ah) said: “I asked, ‘What about someone who prays two rak‘ahs and thinks they were four, so he gives salam and leaves, then afterward remembers that he only prayed two rak‘ahs?’" Imam (a.s) said: "He must begin the prayer from the start." I (Sama‘ah) asked: "Then why did the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, not restart the prayer, and instead just completed what remained of it?" Imam (a.s) said: "The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, had not left His (saws) place. So if one has not left his place, then let him complete what is missing from his prayer, so long as he has retained the two initial rak‘ahs."

فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ سَعْدٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ صَلَّى رَكْعَةً مِنَ اَلْغَدَاةِ ثُمَّ اِنْصَرَفَ وَ خَرَجَ فِي حَوَائِجِهِ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى رَكْعَةً قَالَ« فَلْيُتِمَّ مَا بَقِيَ»

As for what was narrated by Sa‘d from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Ja‘far ibn Bashir from Hammad ibn Uthman from Ubayd ibn Zurarah, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about a man who performed one rak‘ah of the morning prayer, then finished and went out to attend to his needs, then remembered that he had only prayed one rak‘ah. Imam (a.s) said: "Then let him complete what remains."

فقد بينا الوجه في مثله فيما مضى ويحتمل أن يكون الخبر مخصوصا بالنوافل دون الفرايض

We have already clarified the interpretation of such a case previously, and it is also possible that this report is specific to supererogatory (nafilah) prayers and not to the obligatory (fard) prayers.

فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ صَلَّى بِالْكُوفَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ وَهُوَ بِمَكَّةَ أَوْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَوِ اَلْبَصْرَةِ أَوْ بِبَلْدَةٍ مِنَ اَلْبُلْدَانِ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَالَ« يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ»

As for what was narrated by Sa‘d ibn Abdullah from Ibn Abi Najran from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Hammad from Hariz from Abu Ja‘far (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who prayed two rak‘ahs in Kufa, then remembered, while he was in Mecca, or in Medina, or in Basra, or in another town among the towns, that he had only prayed two rak‘ahs. Imam (a.s) said: "He should pray two rak‘ahs."

فهذا الخبر وخبر عمار الذي قال فيه لا يعيد ولو بلغ الصين الوجه فيهما ان نحملهما على انه إذا لم يذكر ذلك علما يقينا وإنما يذكر ظنا ويعتريه مع ذلك شك فحينئذ يضيف إليه تمام الصلاة استظهارا لا وجوبا لانا قد بينا أن بعد الانصراف من حال الصلاة لا يلتفت الى شئ من الشك ويحتمل الخبر أيضا أن يكون إنما ذكر ترك ركعتين من النوافل وليس فيه أنه ترك ركعتين من الفرايض ويزيد ما قدمناه بيانا

So this report and the report of ‘Ammar, in which he said, "He does not repeat even if he reaches China," can be interpreted as applying to a case where the person does not remember with certain knowledge, but rather recalls it with suspicion and is overcome by doubt. In such a case, he may add the remaining part of the prayer as a precaution, not as an obligation. For we have already clarified that once a person has finished and exited the state of prayer, no attention is given to any subsequent doubt. It is also possible that the report refers to having omitted two rak‘ahs of a supererogatory prayer, and it does not specify that they were from an obligatory prayer. What further clarifies what we have presented is:

ما رواه محمد بن مسعود عن جعفر بن أحمد قال حدثني علي ابن الحسن وعلي بن محمد عن العبيدي عن يونس عن العلا عن محمد بن مسلم عن احدهما عليهما السلام قال سئل عن رجل دخل مع الامام في صلاته وقد سبقه بركعة فلما فرغ الامام خرج مع الناس ثم ذكر أنه قد فاتته ركعة قال يعيد ركعة واحدة يجوز له ذلك إذا لم يحول وجهه عن القبلة فإذا حول وجهه فعليه أن يستقبل الصلاة استقبالا

Muhammad ibn Mas‘ud from Ja‘far ibn Ahmad, who said: Ali ibn al-Hasan and Ali ibn Muhammad narrated to me by al-‘Ubaydi from Yunus from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim from one of the two (Imams (a.s)): He was asked about a man who joined the Imam (of prayer) in prayer after the Imam (of prayer) had already completed one rak‘ah. When the Imam (of prayer) finished, the man left with the people, then remembered that he had missed a rak‘ah. He said: “He should repeat one rak‘ah, it is permissible for him to do so as long as he has not turned his face away from the qiblah. But if he has turned his face away, then he must begin the prayer anew from the start.”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ صَلَّيْتُ بِقَوْمٍ صَلاَةً فَقَعَدْتُ لِلتَّشَهُّدِ ثُمَّ قُمْتُ وَ نَسِيتُ أَنْ أُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالُوا مَا سَلَّمْتَ عَلَيْنَا فَقَالَ« أَ لَمْ تُسَلِّمْ وَ أَنْتَ جَالِسٌ» قُلْتُ بَلَى فَقَالَ« فَلاَ بَأْسَ عَلَيْكَ وَلَوْ نَسِيتَ حِينَ قَالُوا لَكَ ذَلِكَ اِسْتَقْبَلْتَهُمْ بِوَجْهِكَ فَقُلْتَ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ»

Ali ibn Mahziyar from al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal from Yunus ibn Ya‘qub, who said: I said to Abu al-Hasan (a.s), peace be upon him: “I led a group in prayer, and I sat for the tashahhud, then stood up and forgot to offer the salam to them.” So they said (to narrator): "You did not offer salam to us." Imam (a.s) said: "Did you not offer salam while you were sitting?" I said: “Yes.” Imam (a.s) said: "Then there is no harm upon you. And even if you had forgotten, when they said that to you, and you turned your face to them and said, 'Peace be upon you,' it would have been acceptable."

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ اَلْخَزَّازِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَشُكُّ بَعْدَمَا يَنْصَرِفُ مِنْ صَلاَتِهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ« لاَ يُعِيدُ وَ لاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ»

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Ibn Abi Umayr from Abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from Muhammad ibn Muslim: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, (was asked) regarding a man who has doubt after he has finished his prayer. Imam (a.s) said: "He does not repeat it, and there is nothing upon him."

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ اَلسَّرَّاجِ عَنْ حَبِيبٍ اَلْخَثْعَمِيِّ قَالَ: شَكَوْتُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَثْرَةَ اَلسَّهْوِ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ« أَحْصِ صَلاَتَكَ بِالْحَصَى» أَوْ قَالَ« اِحْفَظْهَا بِالْحَصَى»

From him, from Muhammad ibn Isma‘il from Abu Isma‘il al-Sarraj from Habib al-Khath‘ami, who said: I complained to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about frequent forgetfulness in prayer. Imam (a.s) said: "Count your prayers with pebbles," or Imam (a.s) said: "Keep track of them with pebbles."

أحمد بن محمد عن ابن أبي عمير عن حماد بن عثمان عن عبيد الله الحلبي عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام في الرجل يكون خلف الامام فيطيل الامام التشهد فقال يسلم من خلفه ويمضي في حاجته ان أحب

Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hammad ibn Uthman from Ubaydullah al-Halabi: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, (was asked) regarding a man who is standing behind the Imam (of prayer) and the Imam (of prayer) prolongs the tashahhud. Imam (a.s) said: “He may give salam behind him and go about his need if he wishes.”

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ خَلْفَ اَلْإِمَامِ فَيُطَوِّلُ اَلْإِمَامُ اَلتَّشَهُّدَ فَيَأْخُذُ اَلرَّجُلَ اَلْبَوْلُ أَوْ يَتَخَوَّفُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ يَفُوتُ أَوْ يَعْرِضُ لَهُ وَجَعٌ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ« يَتَشَهَّدُ هُوَ وَ يَنْصَرِفُ وَ يَدَعُ اَلْإِمَامَ»

From him, from Musa ibn al-Qasim from Ali ibn Ja‘far from his brother (Imam) Musa ibn Ja‘far (a.s), peace be upon them both, who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who is behind the Imam (of prayer), and the Imam (of prayer) prolongs the tashahhud, and the man is taken by the need to urinate, or he fears something may be missed, or he experiences pain, what should he do? Imam (a.s) said: "He should recite the tashahhud himself and leave, and leave the Imam."

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْمَغْرَاءِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ خَلْفَ اَلْإِمَامِ فَيَسْهُو فَيُسَلِّمُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ اَلْإِمَامُ قَالَ« لاَ بَأْسَ»

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Faddalah from Abu al-Maghra, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about a man who is behind the Imam (of prayer) and, due to forgetfulness, gives salam before the Imam (of prayer) does. Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm."

سَعْدٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مُوسَى اَلسَّابَاطِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنَ اَلسَّهْوِ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ« أَ لاَ أُعَلِّمُكَ شَيْئاً إِذَا فَعَلْتَهُ ثُمَّ ذَكَرْتَ أَنَّكَ أَتْمَمْتَ أَوْ نَقَصْتَ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ» قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ« إِذَا سَهَوْتَ فَابْنِ عَلَى اَلْأَكْثَرِ فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ وَ سَلَّمْتَ فَقُمْ فَصَلِّ مَا ظَنَنْتَ أَنَّكَ نَقَصْتَ فَإِنْ كُنْتَ قَدْ أَتْمَمْتَ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْكَ فِي هَذِهِ شَيْءٌ وَ إِنْ ذَكَرْتَ أَنَّكَ كُنْتَ نَقَصْتَ كَانَ مَا صَلَّيْتَ تَمَامَ مَا نَقَصْتَ»

Sa‘d from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Musa ibn ‘Umar from Musa ibn Isa from Marwan ibn Muslim from ‘Ammar ibn Musa al-Sabati, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about something regarding forgetfulness in prayer. Imam (a.s) said: "Shall I not teach you something that, if you do it, and then afterward remember that you either completed or left something out, there will be nothing upon you?" I said: “Yes.” Imam (a.s) said: "If you forget, then build upon the greater number (of rak‘ahs). Then, when you finish and give salam, stand and pray what you thought you had left out. If it turns out that you had completed the prayer, then what you prayed afterward is not counted against you. And if you remember that you had actually missed something, then what you prayed afterward completes what was missing."

سَعْدٌ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْجَوْزَاءِ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ اَلظُّهْرَ خَمْسَ رَكَعَاتٍ ثُمَّ اِنْفَتَلَ فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ اَلْقَوْمِ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ هَلْ زِيدَ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ« وَ مَا ذَاكَ» قَالَ صَلَّيْتَ بِنَا خَمْسَ رَكَعَاتٍ قَالَ فَاسْتَقْبَلَ اَلْقِبْلَةَ وَ كَبَّرَ وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ لَيْسَ فِيهِمَا قِرَاءَةٌ وَ لاَ رُكُوعٌ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ وَ كَانَ يَقُولُ« هُمَا اَلْمُرْغِمَتَانِ»»

Sa‘d from Abu al-Jawza’ from al-Husayn ibn ‘Alwan from ‘Amr ibn Khalid from Zayd ibn Ali from his forefathers: (Imam) Ali (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, led us in the Dhuhr prayer and prayed five rak‘ahs. Then He (saws) finished, and one of the people said to Him (saws), 'O Messenger of Allah (swt), has something been added to the prayer?' He (saws) said: 'What is that?' He (the man) said: 'You (saws) prayed five rak‘ahs with us.' So He (saws) turned to face the qiblah, said takbir while seated, then performed two prostrations in which there was no recitation and no bowing, then gave salam. And He (saws) used to say: "They (sajda tu sahw) are the two that humiliate Satan (al-murghimatan).’"

قال محمد بن الحسن هذا خبر شاذ لا يعمل عليه لانا قد بينا أن من زاد في الصلاة وعلم ذلك يجب عليه استيناف الصلاة وإذا شك في الزيادة فانه يسجد السجدتين المرغمتين ويجوز أن يكون عليه السلام إنما فعل ذلك لان قول واحد له لم يكن مما يقطع به ويجوز أن يكون كان غلطا منه وإنما سجد السجدتين احتياطا

Muhammad ibn al-Hasan said: “This is an isolated (shadh) report which is not acted upon, because we have already clarified that whoever adds to the prayer and is certain of it must begin the prayer anew. And if he doubts whether he added something, then he performs the two prostrations known as al-marghimatan (the two humiliators (f satan)). It is also possible that the Imam (a.s), peace be upon him, only did so because the statement of a single individual was not sufficient to establish certainty. And it is possible that the report involves a mistake, and he only performed the two prostrations as a precaution.

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« إِذَا نَسِيتَ شَيْئاً مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ رُكُوعاً أَوْ سُجُوداً أَوْ تَكْبِيراً ثُمَّ ذَكَرْتَ فَاصْنَعِ اَلَّذِي فَاتَكَ سَوَاءً»

Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Faddalah from Abdullah ibn Sinan: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "If you forget something from the prayer, whether bowing, prostration, or takbir, and then you remember it, then perform whatever you missed, just the same."

عنه عن عبد الرحمن بن أبي نجران عن صفوان عن العيص قال سألت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام عن رجل نسي ركعة من صلاته حتى فرغ منها ثم ذكر انه لم يركع قال يقوم فيركع ويسجد سجدتين

From him, from Abdur-Rahman ibn Abi Najran from Safwan from al-‘Ayyas, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about a man who forgot a rak‘ah from his prayer until he finished it, then remembered that he had not bowed. Imam (a.s) said: "He should stand, perform the bowing, and then perform two prostrations."

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ يَعْلَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ أَبِي جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ:« إِنَّ اَلرَّجُلَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ فَدَعَاهُ اَلْوَالِدُ فَلْيُسَبِّحْ وَإِذَا دَعَتْهُ اَلْوَالِدَةُ فَلْيَقُلْ لَبَّيْكِ»

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub from Hamzah ibn Ya‘la from Ali ibn Idris from Muhammad from his brother Abu Jarir: Abu al-Hasan (Imam) Musa (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "When a man is in prayer and his father calls him, he should glorify (say tasbih); but if his mother calls him, he should respond by saying, 'Here I am (labbayk).'"

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُصَلِّي خَلْفَ إِمَامٍ لاَ يَدْرِي كَمْ صَلَّى هَلْ عَلَيْهِ سَهْوٌ قَالَ« لاَ»

From him, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Musa ibn al-Qasim from Ali ibn Ja‘far from his brother (Imam) Musa ibn Ja‘far (a.s), peace be upon them both, who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who is praying behind an Imam (of prayer) and does not know how many rak‘ahs have been prayed, does he have to perform anything for forgetfulness? Imam (a.s) said: "No."

عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ هَلْ سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ سَجْدَتَيِ اَلسَّهْوِ قَطُّ فَقَالَ« لاَ وَ لاَ يَسْجُدُهُمَا فَقِيهٌ»

From him, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Abdullah ibn Bukayr from Zurarah: I asked Abu Ja‘far (a.s), peace be upon him: “Did the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, ever perform the two prostrations of forgetfulness? Imam (a.s) said: "No, and no Faqih (Jurist) performs them."

قال محمد بن الحسن الذي أفتي به ما تضمنه هذا الخبر فأما الاخبار التي قدمناها من أن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله سها فسجد فانها موافقة للعامة وإنما ذكرناها لان ما تتضمنه من الاحكام معمول بها على ما بيناه

Muhammad ibn al-Hasan said: “The ruling I issue is according to what this report contains. As for the reports we presented earlier stating that the Prophet, peace be upon him and his family, experienced forgetfulness and then performed prostrations, they are in agreement with the reports of the general public (‘ammah). We only mentioned them because the legal rulings they contain are acted upon, as we have clarified.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْحَجَّالِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ حُمْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ ع قَالَ:« مَا أَعَادَ اَلصَّلاَةَ فَقِيهٌ قَطُّ يَحْتَالُ لَهَا وَ يُدَبِّرُهَا حَتَّى لاَ يُعِيدَهَا»

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Abdullah ibn al-Hajjal from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Ash‘ari from Hamzah ibn Humran: Abu Abdillah (a.s) said: "No Faqih (Jurist) has ever repeated a prayer; rather, he finds a solution and manages it so that he does not have to repeat it."

قال محمد بن الحسن هذا الخبر مخصوص باحكام بعينها لانا قد بينا ان في السهو ما لا يمكن تلافيه ولا يجوز فيه غير اعادة الصلاة

Muhammad ibn al-Hasan said: “This report is specific to certain rulings, because we have already clarified that in cases of forgetfulness (sahw) there are situations where it is not possible to rectify the mistake, and in such cases, repeating the prayer is obligatory and there is no alternative to it.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ دَعَاهُ رَجُلٌ وَ هُوَ يُصَلِّي فَسَهَا فَأَجَابَهُ لِحَاجَتِهِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ« يَمْضِي عَلَى صَلاَتِهِ وَ يُكَبِّرُ تَكْبِيراً كَثِيراً»

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Hilal from ‘Uqbah ibn Khalid: Abu Abdillah (a.s) (said) regarding a man who was called by someone while he was praying, and due to forgetfulness, he answered him for his need, what should he do? Imam (a.s) said: "He should continue with his prayer and perform a lot of takbirs (saying 'Allahu Akbar')."

محمد بن الحسن: وهذا الخبر لا ينافي ما قدمناه من أنه إذا تكلم ساهيا كان عليه سجدتا السهو لانه ليس في هذا الخبر انه ليس عليه ذلك، ولا يمتنع أن يكون أراد يكبر تكبيرا كثيرا ثم يسجد سجدتي السهو بعد الفراغ من الصلاة على ما بيناه

Muhammad ibn al-Hasan said: “And this report does not contradict what we have presented earlier, that if someone speaks out of forgetfulness, two prostrations of forgetfulness (sajdatay al-sahw) are required, because there is nothing in this report stating that they are not required. It is possible that what was meant is that he should perform a lot of takbir, and then after completing the prayer, he should perform the two prostrations of forgetfulness, as we have explained.”

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنِّي رُبَّمَا شَكَكْتُ فِي اَلسُّورَةِ فَلاَ أَدْرِي قَرَأْتُهَا أَمْ لاَ فَأُعِيدُهَا قَالَ« إِنْ كَانَتْ طَوِيلَةً فَلاَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ قَصِيرَةً فَأَعِدْهَا»

Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn Umayrah from Bakr ibn Abi Bakr, who said: I said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “Sometimes I doubt in the surah, I do not know whether I have recited it or not, so I repeat it.” Imam (a.s) said: "If it is a long surah, then no, do not repeat it. But if it is a short surah, then repeat it."

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَقْرَأُ سُورَةً فَأَسْهُو فَأَنْتَبِهُ وَ أَنَا فِي آخِرِهَا فَأَرْجِعُ إِلَى أَوَّلِ اَلسُّورَةِ أَوْ أَمْضِي قَالَ« بَلِ اِمْضِ»

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub from al-‘Abbas from Abdullah ibn al-Mughirah from Mu‘awiyah ibn Wahb, who said: I said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “I recite a surah and then, due to forgetfulness, realize it when I am at its end, should I return to the beginning of the surah or continue?” Imam (a.s) said: "Rather, continue."

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ شَكَّ فِي اَلْأَذَانِ وَ قَدْ دَخَلَ فِي اَلْإِقَامَةِ قَالَ« يَمْضِي» قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ شَكَّ فِي اَلْأَذَانِ وَ اَلْإِقَامَةِ وَ قَدْ كَبَّرَ قَالَ« يَمْضِي» قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ شَكَّ فِي اَلتَّكْبِيرِ وَ قَدْ قَرَأَ قَالَ« يَمْضِي» قُلْتُ شَكَّ فِي اَلْقِرَاءَةِ وَ قَدْ رَكَعَ قَالَ «يَمْضِي» قُلْتُ شَكَّ فِي اَلرُّكُوعِ وَ قَدْ سَجَدَ قَالَ« يَمْضِي عَلَى صَلاَتِهِ» ثُمَّ قَالَ« يَا زُرَارَةُ إِذَا خَرَجْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ثُمَّ دَخَلْتَ فِي غَيْرِهِ فَشَكُّكَ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ»

Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn Abi Nasr from Hammad ibn Isa from Hariz ibn Abdullah from Zurarah, who said: I said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “A man doubts about the adhan while he has already entered into the iqamah.” Imam (a.s) said: "He continues." I asked: “A man doubts about the adhan and the iqamah and he has already said the takbir.” Imam (a.s) said: "He continues." I asked: “A man doubts about the takbir and he has already begun the recitation.” Imam (a.s) said: "He continues." I asked: “He doubts about the recitation and he has already bowed.” Imam (a.s) said: "He continues." I asked: “He doubts about the bowing and he has already prostrated.” Imam (a.s) said: "He continues with his prayer." Then Imam (a.s) said: "O Zurarah, when you have left something and moved on to something else, your doubt regarding the former is of no consequence."

عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« كُلُّمَا شَكَكْتَ فِيهِ بَعْدَمَا تَفْرُغُ مِنْ صَلاَتِكَ فَامْضِ وَ لاَ تَعُدْ»

From him, from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Muhammad ibn Muslim: Abu Ja‘far (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "Whenever you have doubt about something after you have finished your prayer, proceed and do not repeat it."

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ زَيْدٍ اَلشَّحَّامِ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ صَلَّى اَلْعَصْرَ سِتَّ رَكَعَاتٍ أَوْ خَمْسَ رَكَعَاتٍ قَالَ« إِنِ اِسْتَيْقَنَ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى خَمْساً أَوْ سِتّاً فَلْيُعِدْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لاَ يَدْرِي أَ زَادَ أَمْ نَقَصَ فَلْيُكَبِّرْ وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ ثُمَّ لْيَرْكَعْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ يَقْرَأُ فِيهِمَا بِفَاتِحَةِ اَلْكِتَابِ فِي آخِرِ صَلاَتِهِ ثُمَّ يَتَشَهَّدُ وَ إِنْ هُوَ اِسْتَيْقَنَ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلاَثاً ثُمَّ اِنْصَرَفَ فَتَكَلَّمَ فَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُتِمَّ اَلصَّلاَةَ قَائِماً عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُتِمَّ اَلصَّلاَةَ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهَا فَإِنَّ نَبِيَّ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ نَسِيَ حَتَّى اِنْصَرَفَ فَقَالَ لَهُ ذُو اَلشِّمَالَيْنِ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ أَحَدَثَ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ« أَيُّهَا اَلنَّاسُ أَ صَدَقَ ذُو اَلشِّمَالَيْنِ» فَقَالُوا نَعَمْ لَمْ تُصَلِّ إِلاَّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَقَامَ فَأَتَمَّ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ صَلاَتِهِ»

Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal from Abu Jamilah from Zayd al-Shahham Abu Usamah, who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who prayed ‘Asr with six rak‘ahs or five rak‘ahs. Imam (a.s) said: "If he is certain that he prayed five or six, then he must repeat it. But if he does not know whether he added or shortened, then he should say the takbir while sitting, then perform two rak‘ahs, reciting in them the Opening of the Book (Al-Fatihah), at the end of his prayer, then perform the tashahhud. And if he is certain that he prayed only two or three rak‘ahs, and then left and spoke without realizing that he had not completed the prayer, then he must complete what remains of the prayer. For indeed, the Prophet of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, once prayed two rak‘ahs with the people, then forgot until He (saws) finished. Dhu al-Shimalayn said to Him (saws): 'O Messenger of Allah (swt), has something happened in the prayer?' So He (saws) said: 'O people, did Dhu al-Shimalayn speak the truth?' They said: 'Yes, you only prayed two rak‘ahs.' So He (saws) stood and completed what remained of His (saws) prayer."

عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ اَلْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ يَفُوتُ اَلرَّجُلَ اَلْأُولَى وَ اَلْعَصْرُ وَاَلْمَغْرِبُ وَذَكَرَهَا عِنْدَ اَلْعِشَاءِ اَلْآخِرَةِ قَالَ« يَبْدَأُ بِالْوَقْتِ اَلَّذِي هُوَ فِيهِ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَأْمَنُ اَلْمَوْتَ فَيَكُونُ قَدْ تَرَكَ صَلاَةً فَرِيضَةً فِي وَقْتٍ قَدْ دَخَلَتْ ثُمَّ يَقْضِي مَا فَاتَهُ اَلْأُولَى فَالْأُولَى»

From him, from al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Washsha’ from a man from Jamil ibn Darraj from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I said to Imam (a.s): “A man misses the Dhuhr, ‘Asr, and Maghrib prayers, and he remembers them at the time of the last Isha prayer.” Imam (a.s) said: "He should begin with the prayer whose time he is currently in, because he does not know if death might come to him and he would have left an obligatory prayer within its time. Then he should make up what he missed, starting with the earliest first."

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ نُوحٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ لاَ يَدْرِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكَعَ أَوْ وَاحِدَةً أَوْ ثَلاَثاً قَالَ« يَبْنِي صَلاَتَهُ عَلَى رَكْعَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ يَقْرَأُ فِيهَا بِفَاتِحَةِ اَلْكِتَابِ وَ يَسْجُدُ سَجْدَتَيِ اَلسَّهْوِ»

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Ayyub ibn Nuh from Safwan from ‘Anbasah, who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who does not know whether he performed two rak‘ahs, one rak‘ah, or three. Imam (a.s) said: "He should build his prayer upon one rak‘ah, recite in it the Opening of the Book (Al-Fatihah), and perform two prostrations of forgetfulness (sajdatay al-sahw)."

قال محمد بن الحسن الوجه في هذا الخبر أن نحمله على النوافل لان النوافل حكمها ان تبنى على الاقل احتياطا على ما بيناه فأما الفرايض فانها تبنى على الاكثر ويتم بعد الفراغ من الصلاة على ما بيناه

Muhammad ibn al-Hasan said: “The interpretation of this report is that we should apply it to supererogatory (nafilah) prayers, because the ruling for supererogatory prayers is that they are to be built upon the lesser number out of precaution, as we have explained. As for obligatory (fard) prayers, they are to be built upon the greater number, and then completed after finishing the prayer, as we have clarified.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ مِنْهَالٍ اَلْقَصَّابِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَسْهُو فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ وَ أَنَا خَلْفَ اَلْإِمَامِ قَالَ فَقَالَ« إِذَا سَلَّمَ فَاسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَ لاَ تَهُبَّ»

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Ja‘far ibn Bashir from Yunus from Minhal al-Qassab, who said: I said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “I experience forgetfulness in prayer while I am behind the Imam (of prayer)”. Imam (a.s) said: "When the Imam gives salam, then perform two prostrations of forgetfulness, and do not worry."

عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْكَرِيمِ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« إِذَا أَحَسَّ اَلرَّجُلُ أَنَّ بِثَوْبِهِ بَلَلاً وَ هُوَ يُصَلِّي فَلْيَأْخُذْ ذَكَرَهُ بِطَرَفِ ثَوْبِهِ فَيَمْسَحُهُ بِفَخِذِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ بَلَلاً يَعْرِفُ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ وَ لْيُعِدِ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَلَلاً فَذَلِكَ مِنَ اَلشَّيْطَانِ»

From him, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr from Abdul-Karim from al-Husayn ibn Hammad: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "If a man senses moisture on his garment while he is praying, then let him take hold of his private part with the edge of his garment and wipe it against his thigh. If it turns out to be a moisture he recognizes (actual impurity), then let him perform ablution and repeat the prayer. But if it is not a known moisture, then that is from Shaytan."

عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مُوسَى اَلسَّابَاطِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلسَّهْوِ مَا يَجِبُ فِيهِ سَجْدَتَا اَلسَّهْوِ فَقَالَ« إِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَقْعُدَ فَقُمْتَ أَوْ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَقُومَ فَقَعَدْتَ أَوْ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَقْرَأَ فَسَبَّحْتَ أَوْ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تُسَبِّحَ فَقَرَأْتَ فَعَلَيْكَ سَجْدَتَا اَلسَّهْوِ وَلَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِمَّا يَتِمُّ بِهِ اَلصَّلاَةُ سَهْوٌ» وَ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقْعُدَ فَقَامَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُقَدِّمَ شَيْئاً أَوْ يُحْدِثَ شَيْئاً قَالَ« لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ سَجْدَتَا اَلسَّهْوِ حَتَّى يَتَكَلَّمَ بِشَيْءٍ» وَ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ إِذَا سَهَا فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ فَيَنْسَى أَنْ يَسْجُدَ سَجْدَتَيِ اَلسَّهْوِ قَالَ «يَسْجُدُهُمَا مَتَى ذَكَرَ» وَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ صَلَّى ثَلاَثَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ هُوَ يَظُنُّ أَنَّهَا أَرْبَعٌ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ ذَكَرَ أَنَّهَا ثَلاَثٌ قَالَ« يَبْنِي عَلَى صَلاَتِهِ مَتَى مَا ذَكَرَ وَ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَةً وَ يَتَشَهَّدُ وَ يُسَلِّمُ وَ يَسْجُدُ سَجْدَتَيِ اَلسَّهْوِ وَ قَدْ جَازَتْ صَلاَتُهُ» وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَنْسَى اَلرُّكُوعَ أَوْ يَنْسَى سَجْدَةً هَلْ عَلَيْهِ سَجْدَةُ اَلسَّهْوِ قَالَ« لاَ قَدْ أَتَمَّ اَلصَّلاَةَ» وَ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَدْخُلُ مَعَ اَلْإِمَامِ وَ قَدْ صَلَّى اَلْإِمَامُ رَكْعَةً أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَسَهَا اَلْإِمَامُ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ اَلرَّجُلُ قَالَ« إِذَا سَلَّمَ اَلْإِمَامُ فَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ اَلسَّهْوِ فَلاَ يَسْجُدُ اَلرَّجُلُ اَلَّذِي دَخَلَ مَعَهُ وَإِذَا قَامَ وَبَنَى عَلَى صَلاَتِهِ وَأَتَمَّهَا وَسَلَّمَ سَجَدَ اَلرَّجُلُ سَجْدَتَيِ اَلسَّهْوِ» وَعَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَسْهُو فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلاَ يَذْكُرُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ اَلْفَجْرَ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ« لاَ يَسْجُدُ سَجْدَتَيِ اَلسَّهْوِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ اَلشَّمْسُ وَ يَذْهَبَ شُعَاعُهَا» وَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ سَهَا خَلْفَ اَلْإِمَامِ فَلَمْ يَفْتَتِحِ اَلصَّلاَةَ قَالَ« يُعِيدُ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ لاَ صَلاَةَ بِغَيْرِ اِفْتِتَاحٍ» وَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ صَلاَةٌ مِنْ قُعُودٍ فَنَسِيَ حَتَّى قَامَ وَ اِفْتَتَحَ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ هُوَ قَائِمٌ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قَالَ «يَقْعُدُ وَ يَفْتَتِحُ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ هُوَ قَاعِدٌ وَ كَذَلِكَ إِنْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ اَلصَّلاَةُ مِنْ قِيَامٍ فَنَسِيَ حَتَّى اِفْتَتَحَ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ هُوَ قَاعِدٌ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَقْطَعَ صَلاَتَهُ وَ يَقُومَ فَيَفْتَتِحَ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ هُوَ قَائِمٌ وَ لاَ يَعْتَدَّ بِافْتِتَاحِهِ وَ هُوَ قَاعِدٌ»

By him, by Ahmad ibn al-Hasan by ‘Amr ibn Sa‘id by Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah by ‘Ammar ibn Musa al-Sabati: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about forgetfulness, what cases require two prostrations of forgetfulness. Imam (a.s) said: "If you intended to sit but stood, or intended to stand but sat, or intended to recite but instead glorified, or intended to glorify but instead recited, then you must perform two prostrations of forgetfulness. But in anything that completes the prayer, there is no forgetfulness." And (Imam (a.s) was asked) regarding a man who intended to sit but stood up, and then remembered before initiating anything further or committing any additional act. Imam (a.s) said: "There are no two prostrations of forgetfulness upon him until he speaks something." And (Imam (a.s) was asked) about a man who forgets to perform the two prostrations of forgetfulness in the prayer. Imam (a.s) said: "He should perform them whenever he remembers." And (Imam (a.s) was asked) regarding a man who prayed three rak‘ahs thinking that they were four, and after giving salam remembered that they were only three. Imam (a.s) said: "He builds upon his prayer whenever he remembers, performs one more rak‘ah, then recites the tashahhud, gives salam, and performs two prostrations of forgetfulness, and his prayer is valid." And Imam (a.s) was asked about a man who forgets the bowing or forgets a prostration, whether he must perform a prostration of forgetfulness. Imam (a.s) said: "No, he has completed the prayer." And (Imam (a.s) was asked) regarding a man who joins the Imam (of prayer) in prayer after the Imam (of prayer) has already prayed one rak‘ah or more, and then the Imam (of prayer) makes a mistake, what should the man do? Imam (a.s) said: "When the Imam (of prayer) gives salam and performs the two prostrations of forgetfulness, the man who joined him does not perform the prostrations. But when the man stands, continues his prayer, completes it, and gives salam, then he must perform two prostrations of forgetfulness." And (Imam (a.s) was asked) regarding a man who makes a mistake in his prayer and does not remember it until he has prayed the Fajr prayer, what should he do? Imam (a.s) said: "He should not perform the two prostrations of forgetfulness until the sun rises and its glare disappears." And (Imam (a.s) was asked) regarding a man who makes a mistake behind the Imam (of prayer) and does not perform the opening takbir of prayer. Imam (a.s) said: "He must repeat prayer, for there is no prayer without opening takbir." And (Imam (a.s) was asked) regarding a man upon whom prayer is obligatory in a sitting position, but he forgets and stands to initiates prayer while standing, then remembers. Imam (a.s) said: "He must sit down and initiate the prayer while sitting. Likewise, if the prayer was obligatory upon him while standing, but he forgot and initiated the prayer while sitting, then he must cut off his prayer, stand, and initiate the prayer while standing. The initial opening (takbir) he made while sitting is not counted."

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ اَلْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ اَلْجَهْمِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ صَلَّى اَلظُّهْرَ أَوِ اَلْعَصْرَ فَأَحْدَثَ حِينَ جَلَسَ فِي اَلرَّابِعَةِ فَقَالَ« إِنْ كَانَ قَالَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اَللَّهُ وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ فَلاَ يُعِيدُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَتَشَهَّدْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ فَلْيُعِدْ»

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from ‘Abbad ibn Sulayman from Sa‘d ibn Sa‘d from Muhammad ibn al-Qasim ibn al-Fudayl ibn Yasar from al-Hasan ibn al-Jahm, who said: I asked Abu al-Hasan (a.s), peace be upon him, about a man who prayed Dhuhr or ‘Asr and experienced an invalidating event (hadath) while sitting in the fourth rak‘ah. Imam (a.s) said: "If he had already said “Ashhadu an la ilaha illa Allah wa anna Muhammada Rasulullah” (I bear witness that there is no god but Allah (swt) and that Muhammad (saws) is the Messenger of Allah (swt)), then he does not need to repeat the prayer. But if he had not yet recited the tashahhud before the invalidating event occurred, then he must repeat the prayer."

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ اِبْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ اَلْقَمَّاطِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَجُلاً يَسْأَلُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَجَدَ غَمْزاً فِي بَطْنِهِ أَوْ أَذًى أَوْ عَصْراً مِنَ اَلْبَوْلِ وَ هُوَ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ اَلْمَكْتُوبَةِ فِي اَلرَّكْعَةِ اَلْأُولَى أَوِ اَلثَّانِيَةِ أَوِ اَلثَّالِثَةِ أَوِ اَلرَّابِعَةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ« إِذَا أَصَابَ شَيْئاً مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَخْرُجَ لِحَاجَتِهِ تِلْكَ فَيَتَوَضَّأَ ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفَ إِلَى مُصَلاَّهُ اَلَّذِي كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ فَيَبْنِيَ عَلَى صَلاَتِهِ مِنَ اَلْمَوْضِعِ اَلَّذِي خَرَجَ مِنْهُ لِحَاجَتِهِ مَا لَمْ يَنْقُضِ اَلصَّلاَةَ بِكَلاَمٍ» قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ إِنِ اِلْتَفَتَ يَمِيناً أَوْ شِمَالاً أَوْ وَلَّى عَنِ اَلْقِبْلَةِ قَالَ« نَعَمْ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ وَاسِعٌ إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ رَجُلٍ سَهَا فَانْصَرَفَ فِي رَكْعَةٍ أَوْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلاَثٍ مِنَ اَلْمَكْتُوبَةِ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ عَلَى صَلاَتِهِ» ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ سَهْوَ اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ

From him, from Musa ibn ‘Umar ibn Yazid from Ibn Sinan from Abu Sa‘id al-Qammat, who said: I heard a man asking Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about a man who experiences cramping in his stomach, discomfort, or pressure from urine while he is in an obligatory prayer during the first, second, third, or fourth rak‘ah. Imam (a.s) said: "If something like that happens to him, there is no harm in him leaving for his need, then performing ablution, and returning to his place of prayer where he was praying, and he should continue his prayer from the point where he left for his need, as long as he has not invalidated the prayer by speaking." He (narrator) said: “I asked, ‘Even if he turned to the right or left, or turned away from the qiblah?’" Imam (a.s) said: "Yes, all of that is permissible. It is like the case of a man who forgets and leaves during one rak‘ah, or two, or three of an obligatory prayer. All that is required of him is to continue his prayer based on what he had already prayed." Then Imam (a.s) mentioned the forgetfulness of the Prophet (saws). peace be upon him and his family.

وقد مضى معنى هذا الخبر

And the meaning of this report has already been explained previously.