The Will and What it Must Consist of

The Witness for the Will

A Man Makes a Will and Appoints an Executor but he Refuses to Accept it

The Owner is more Rightful to his Property as Long as he is Living

Making a Will for the Heir

The Matters for which one can Make a Will and what is Preferable in the Issue

Another Chapter

A Man Makes a Will, then Cancels it

If the Beneficiary of a Will dies before the Death of the Testator or before Taking Possession

Executing the Will as it Requires

A Will for Setting free Slaves, Charity or al-Hajj

The Executor of the Will must Correct the Possible Violation of the Law in the Will

An Executor of the Will is held Responsible for Changing a Lawful Will

Al-Mudabbar (the Slave for whose Freedom Death of the Master is a Condition) is from One Third of the Legacy

First the Shroud, then Debts, then Will is paid for from the Legacy

The Will and Debts

One Who Sets Free a Slave and He is Indebted

The Will about a Contracted Slave

The Will of Immature Boys and Girls, the Lawful and Unlawful Matters in it

Will in Favor of Mothers of Children

The Matters Permissible in Endowment, Charity, Gift, Present, Providing Conditional Housing and Matters Permissible or otherwise for a Child and others

The Will for a Part of One’s Assets

The Will about Something of One’s Legacy

The Will about a Share of One’s Legacy

One in His Illness Confesses His Indebtedness to One of his Heirs

When certain ones of the Heirs Confirm Freeing of a Slave or Debts

The Case of One Who Leaves very Little Legacy with a Larger Amount of Debt and Dependents

The Adults whose Will is not Acceptable

Distribution of What is Bequeathed To Relatives

The Case of one who Makes a Bequest for an Adult with whom a Child must Share

The Case of One’s Appointing Two Executors for the Will, Each of whom Deals with a Certain Portion of the Legacy

Charities of the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, Fatimah and ‘A’immah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam

Things that Reach a Deceased after his Death

The Rare Ahadith

The Case of One who Dies without a Will, Leaves behind Small Heirs and it is Sold upon Him

The Executor of the Will Hands over the Assets of Children who were Small, now Adults, but they Refuse to Take Charge, the Children who Become Adults but are not Found to be of Proper Understanding, the Limit of Adulthood

The Ordained Shares

The Legacy Comes from the Share of the One Nearest in Relationship to Him and that the Owner of Ordained Share is more Deserving than those who do not have any Ordained Share

Obligations are not Fulfilled without the Sword

Invalidity of Deficiency (in the Ordained Shares)

Another Chapter on Invalidity of al-‘Awl (deficiency or excess) and the Ordained Shares are not more than Six

Knowing to Avoid Deficiency

With the Existence of a Child and Parents no one Else Inherits Except a Husband and Wife

The Reason Why Ordained Shares are not more than Six

The Reason Why a Male’s Share is Twice the Share of a Female

The Legacy is Just for the Eldest Son

The Share of Children from the Legacy

The Share of Grandchildren in the legacy

Inheritance of Parents

Inheritance of Parents with Brothers and Sisters from the Father and Brothers and Sisters from the Mother

The Inheritance of a Son with both Parents

Inheritance of the Son, with Husband and Woman and Both Parents

Inheritance of Parents with Husband and Wife

AI-Kalalah (Burdensome one’s in Inheritance)

Inheritance of Brothers and Sisters with Children

Inheritance of the Grandfather

Brothers from a Mother with the Grandfather

Son of a Brother with a Grandfather

Inheritance of Relatives

A Woman Leaves Behind Just her Husband

A Deceased Leaves behind Just his Wife

Women do not Inherit Anything from Real Property

Dispute of Man and Woman over Household Items

Inheritance of a Boy and a Girl who are not yet Mature

The Inheritance of a Married and Mature Female before going to Bed

Inheritance of Women Divorced during Illness or without Illness

Inheritance of Relatives with Mawali

Inheritance of People Drowned and because of the Collapse of a Structure on them

Inheritance of People Killed, those who Inherit and those who do not Inherit from the Wergild

The Inheritance of a Killer

Inheritance of People of other Religions

Another Chapter on Inheritance of People of other Religions

The Inheritance of the People of Religion among them according to the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Holy Prophet

If a Deceased Leaves Behind Muslim and non-Muslim Heirs

Inheritance of Slaves

The Free and Slaves do not Inherit each other

Deceased leaves Behind One Free and One Owned Heir

The Inheritance Due to Special Contract

Inheritance of an Apostate

Inheritance of One who is Lost

Inheritance of the Crying Newborn Child

Inheritance of Hermaphrodite

Inheritance of the Child of Parents who Condemn Each other (al -Mula‘anah (condemnation))

Another Chapter about the Child of Mula‘anah (condemnation)

Inheritance of a Child from Fornication

The Case of a Child Carried away from his Birthplace ( al-Hamil )

Confirming of Certain Heir a Debt

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِزُرَارَةَ إِنَّ أُنَاساً حَدَّثُونِي عَنْهُ يَعْنِي أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) وَعَنْ أَبِيهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) بِأَشْيَاءَ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ فَأَعْرِضُهَا عَلَيْكَ فَمَا كَانَ مِنْهَا بَاطِلا فَقُلْ هَذَا بَاطِلٌ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْهَا حَقّاً فَقُلْ هَذَا حَقٌّ وَلا تَرْوِهِ وَاسْكُتْ وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) فِي أَبَوَيْنِ وَإِخْوَةٍ لأمٍّ أَنَّهُمْ يَحْجُبُونَ وَلا يَرِثُونَ فَقَالَ هَذَا وَاللهِ هُوَ الْبَاطِلُ وَلَكِنِّي سَأُخْبِرُكَ وَلا أَرْوِي لَكَ شَيْئاً وَالَّذِي أَقُولُ لَكَ هُوَ وَاللهِ الْحَقُّ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا تَرَكَ أَبَوَيْهِ فَلِلأمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَلِلأبِ الثُّلُثَانِ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ يَعْنِي لِلْمَيِّتِ يَعْنِي إِخْوَةً لأبٍ وَأُمٍّ أَوْ إِخْوَةً لأبٍ فَلأمِّهِ السُّدُسُ وَلِلأبِ خَمْسَةُ أَسْدَاسٍ وَإِنَّمَا وُفِّرَ لِلأبِ مِنْ أَجْلِ عِيَالِهِ وَأَمَّا الإخْوَةُ لأمٍّ لَيْسُوا لأبٍ فَإِنَّهُمْ لا يَحْجُبُونَ الأمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ وَلا يَرِثُونَ وَإِنْ مَاتَ رَجُلٌ وَتَرَكَ أُمَّهُ وَإِخْوَةً وَأَخَوَاتٍ لأمٍّ وَأَبٍ وَإِخْوَةً وَأَخَوَاتٍ لأبٍ وَإِخْوَةً وَأَخَوَاتٍ لأمٍّ وَلَيْسَ الأبُ حَيّاً فَإِنَّهُمْ لا يَرِثُونَ وَلا يَحْجُبُونَهَا لأنَّهُ لَمْ يُورَثْ كَلالَةً.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr and Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus all from ‘Umar ibn ’Udhaynah who has narrated the following: “I once said to Zurarah, "Certain people have narrated to me from him (abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) ) and from his father (a.s.), about certain things regarding the ordained shares. I like to show them to you so you can tell me which is false and which is right and do not narrate this (what is false) and remain quiet.’ I said, "A man narrated from one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu "Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about both parents and brothers from the side of mother that they are barred and do not inherit.’ He said, "This by Allah is false. I will inform you, do not narrate as such. What I say by Allah is the truth. If a deceased leaves behind his parents, the share of the mother is one-third and the father receives two-thirds according to the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. If he leaves behind brothers, that is, the deceased has brothers from both parents or brothers from the father’s side, the share of his mother is one-sixth and the share of the father is five-sixths. It is made available to the father because of his dependents. Brothers from the side of the mother, who are not from the father, do not bar the mother from her one-third and they do not inherit. If a man dies and leaves behind his mother and brothers and sisters from both parents and brothers and sisters from the mother’s side and the father is not alive, they do not inherit and do not bar her because Kalalah does not inherit.’” 

2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي خَلَفٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا تَرَكَ الْمَيِّتُ أَخَوَيْنِ فَهُمْ إِخْوَةٌ مَعَ الْمَيِّتِ حَجَبَا الأمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ وَإِنْ كَانَ وَاحِداً لَمْ يَحْجُبِ الأمَّ وَقَالَ إِذَا كُنَّ أَرْبَعَ أَخَوَاتٍ حَجَبْنَ الأمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ لأنَّهُنَّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الأخَوَيْنِ وَإِنْ كُنَّ ثَلاثاً لَمْ يَحْجُبْنَ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Sa‘d ibn abu Khalaf from abu al-‘Abbas who has narrated the following: “Abu "Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, "If a deceased leaves behind two brothers, they are considered more than two brothers of the deceased and they bar the mother from one-third. If there is one brother he does not bar the mother.’ He (the Imam) said, "If there are four sisters they bar the mother from one-third because they are like two brothers but if there are three sisters they do not bar the mother’s share.’” 

3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَسِّنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ فَضْلٍ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ الْبَقْبَاقِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ أَبَوَيْنِ وَأُخْتَيْنِ لأبٍ وَأُمٍّ هَلْ يَحْجُبَانِ الأمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ قَالَ لا قَالَ قُلْتُ فَثَلاثٌ قَالَ لا قُلْتُ فَأَرْبَعٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhassin ibn Ahmad from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from Fadl abu al-‘Abbas al-Baqbaq who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of both parents and two sisters from both parents; if they bar the mother from one-third of the legacy. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, they do not do so.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if they are three?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, they do not do so.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if they are four?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, they bar her from one-third.’” 

4- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ لا تَحْجُبُ الأمَّ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدٌ إِلا أَخَوَانِ أَوْ أَرْبَعُ أَخَوَاتٍ.

4. Abu Ali al-Ash ‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A mother is not barred from receiving one-third if there is no son except because of two brothers or four sisters.’” 

5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ فَضْلٍ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ الْبَقْبَاقِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ لا تَحْجُبُ الأمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ إِلا أَخَوَانِ أَوْ أَرْبَعُ أَخَوَاتٍ لأبٍ وَأُمٍّ أَوْ لأبٍ.

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ‘Abd Allah ibn Bukayr from Fadl abu al-‘Abbas al-Baqbaq who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A mother is not barred from receiving one-third except because of two brothers or four sisters from both parents.”’ 

6- وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ إِنَّ الإخْوَةَ مِنَ الأمِّ لا يَحْجُبُونَ الأمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ.

6. Through the same chain of narrators as that of the previous Hadith the following is narrated from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has narrated the following: “I once heard abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ’Brothers from the mothers’ side do not bar the mother from one-third of the legacy.’” 

7- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بَحْرٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَا زُرَارَةُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أَبَوَيْهِ وَإِخْوَتَهُ مِنْ أُمِّهِ قَالَ قُلْتُ السُّدُسُ لأمِّهِ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلأبِ فَقَالَ مِنْ أَيْنَ قُلْتَ هَذَا قُلْتُ سَمِعْتُ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَإِنْ كانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلأمِّهِ السُّدُسُ فَقَالَ وَيْحَكَ يَا زُرَارَةُ أُولَئِكَ الإخْوَةُ مِنَ الأبِ فَإِذَا كَانَ الإخْوَةُ مِنَ الأمِّ لَمْ يَحْجُبُوا الأمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ. 

7. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Husayn ibn SaTd from ‘Abd Allah ibn Bahr from Hariz from Zurarah who has narrated the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), once said to me, ’O Zurarah, what do you say about the case of a man who leaves behind his both parents and brothers from his mother’s side?’ He (the narrator) has said that he said, ‘One-sixth is for the mother and the rest is for the father.’ He (the Imam) asked, ’On what basis do you say so?’ I replied, ‘I have heard Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, saying in His book, ’. . . if there are brothers then one-sixth is for his mother.’ (4:11) He (the Imam) said, ’Fie on you O Zurarah, they are brothers from the father’s side. If brothers are from the mother’s side, they do not bar the mother from receiving the one-third.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 7

Book 2, Chapter 15