Al-Kāfi

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ سَرِيَّةً دَعَاهُمْ فَأَجْلَسَهُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ سِيرُوا بِسْمِ اللهِ وَبِاللهِ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ لا تَغُلُّوا وَلا تُمَثِّلُوا وَلا تَغْدِرُوا وَلا تَقْتُلُوا شَيْخاً فَانِياً وَلا صَبِيّاً وَلا امْرَأَةً وَلا تَقْطَعُوا شَجَراً إِلا أَنْ تُضْطَرُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَدْنَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَوْ أَفْضَلِهِمْ نَظَرَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَهُوَ جَارٌ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلامَ اللهِ فَإِنْ تَبِعَكُمْ فَأَخُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَإِنْ أَبَى فَأَبْلِغُوهُ مَأْمَنَهُ وَاسْتَعِينُوا بِاللهِ عَلَيْهِ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar - I think - from abu Hamzah al- Thumaliy who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when the Messenger of Allah would decide to dispatch a small group of people for an armed expedition he would call them in his presence, make them sit before him and say to them, ‘March in the name of Allah, with Allah, in the way of Allah and upon the religion (path) of the Messenger of Allah. You must not be excessive, you must not deform people, you must not betray, you must not kill old people, you must not kill children, you must not kill women and you must not cut down trees unless you are forced to do so. If anyone of the Muslims of the lower or higher position expresses sympathy toward a man of the pagans, he is given protection until he hears the words of Allah. If thereafter he followed you he then is your brother in religion and if he refused you then must send him to his safe place and ask Allah for assistance.’”

2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَنْ يُلْقَى السَّمُّ فِي بِلادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited spreading of poison in the lands of the pagans.”’

3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ مَا بَيَّتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) عَدُوّاً قَطُّ.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa, from ibn Mahbub from ‘Abbad ibn Suhayb who said: “I heard abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.), saying, ‘The Messenger of Allah (sw) never launched a surprise attack against the enemy during the night.’”

4- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) إِلَى الْيَمَنِ وَقَالَ لِي يَا عَلِيُّ لا تُقَاتِلَنَّ أَحَداً حَتَّى تَدْعُوَهُ وَايْمُ اللهِ لأنْ يَهْدِيَ اللهُ عَلَى يَدَيْكَ رَجُلا خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِمَّا طَلَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ وَغَرَبَتْ وَلَكَ وَلاؤُهُ يَا عَلِيُّ.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father, from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah sent me to Yemen and said to me, “You must not fight anyone before calling him to Allah. I swear by Allah, if Allah guides through you one man it will be more excellent for you than all the things on which the sun shines and sets. You, O Ali, will have his guardianship.’””

5- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي الْعَلاءِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) لا يُقَاتِلُ حَتَّى تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ وَيَقُولُ تُفَتَّحُ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَتُقْبِلُ الرَّحْمَةُ وَيَنْزِلُ النَّصْرُ وَيَقُولُ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ وَأَجْدَرُ أَنْ يَقِلَّ الْقَتْلُ وَيَرْجِعَ الطَّالِبُ وَيُفْلِتَ الْمُنْهَزِمُ.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from Yahya ibn abu al-‘Ala’ who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), would not launch attacks against the enemy until after the declining of the sun toward the west. He would say, ‘At such time the doors of heaven open up, mercy comes forward and victory descends.’ He would also say, ‘Such time is closer to the night, prone to reduced killing, pursuers return and fleeing ones disappear.’”

6- عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ مَدِينَةٍ مِنْ مَدَائِنِ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُرْسَلَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَاءُ وَتُحْرَقَ بِالنَّارِ أَوْ تُرْمَى بِالْمَجَانِيقِ حَتَّى يُقْتَلُوا وَفِيهِمُ النِّسَاءُ وَالصِّبْيَانُ وَالشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ وَالأسَارَى مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالتُّجَّارُ فَقَالَ يُفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ بِهِمْ وَلا يُمْسَكُ عَنْهُمْ لِهَؤُلاءِ وَلا دِيَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلا كَفَّارَةَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ النِّسَاءِ كَيْفَ سَقَطَتِ الْجِزْيَةُ عَنْهُنَّ وَرُفِعَتْ عَنْهُنَّ فَقَالَ لأنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) نَهَى عَنْ قِتَالِ النِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ إِلا أَنْ يُقَاتِلُوا فَإِنْ قَاتَلَتْ أَيْضاً فَأَمْسِكْ عَنْهَا مَا أَمْكَنَكَ وَلَمْ تَخَفْ خَلَلا فَلَمَّا نَهَى عَنْ قَتْلِهِنَّ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ كَانَ فِي دَارِ الإسْلامِ أَوْلَى وَلَوِ امْتَنَعَتْ أَنْ تُؤَدِّيَ الْجِزْيَةَ لَمْ يُمْكِنْ قَتْلُهَا فَلَمَّا لَمْ يُمْكِنْ قَتْلُهَا رُفِعَتِ الْجِزْيَةُ عَنْهَا وَلَوِ امْتَنَعَ الرِّجَالُ أَنْ يُؤَدُّوا الْجِزْيَةَ كَانُوا نَاقِضِينَ لِلْعَهْدِ وَحَلَّتْ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَقَتْلُهُمْ لأنَّ قَتْلَ الرِّجَالِ مُبَاحٌ فِي دَارِ الشِّرْكِ وَكَذَلِكَ الْمُقْعَدُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ وَالأعْمَى وَالشَّيْخُ الْفَانِي وَالْمَرْأَةُ وَالْوِلْدَانُ فِي أَرْضِ الْحَرْبِ فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ رُفِعَتْ عَنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةُ.

6. Ali has narrated from his father, from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from al-Minqariy from Hafs ibn Ghiyath who has said the following: “A city of the unbelievers is in the state of war (against Muslims); can it be flooded, set on fire or fired upon with catapults to destroy them even when there are women, children, old people and Muslims taken as prisoners of war and merchants?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It can be done and it cannot be stopped because of the people you mentioned. The Muslims do not have to pay any compensation to anyone or ransom.’ “I also asked him, ‘Why is it that women do not have to pay taxes?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is because the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited fighting women and children in the war zone unless they fight. If women fight, one must cease fire as far as possible and there is no fear of a breach. Since he prohibited fighting in the war zone, in the peace zone (Islamic domain) it certainly is forbidden. If she refuses to pay taxes, destroying her is not possible and when destroying her is not possible there is no tax on her to pay. If men refuse to pay taxes, they will be in breach of the covenant and it is lawful to eliminate them; elimination of men is lawful in pagans’ lands. The case of the crippled, ones of the tax payers, blind, old ones, women and children in the war zone is the same and for this reason they are not to pay taxes.’”

7- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) كَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ بِسَرِيَّةٍ دَعَا لَهَا.

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, dispatched a small group of people for an armed expedition, he would pray in their favor.”

8- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) كَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ أَمِيراً لَهُ عَلَى سَرِيَّةٍ أَمَرَهُ بِتَقْوَى اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي خَاصَّةِ نَفْسِهِ ثُمَّ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ عَامَّةً ثُمَّ يَقُولُ اغْزُ بِسْمِ اللهِ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللهِ وَلا تَغْدِرُوا وَلا تَغُلُّوا وَتُمَثِّلُوا وَلا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيداً وَلا مُتَبَتِّلا فِي شَاهِقٍ وَلا تُحْرِقُوا النَّخْلَ وَلا تُغْرِقُوهُ بِالْمَاءِ وَلا تَقْطَعُوا شَجَرَةً مُثْمِرَةً وَلا تُحْرِقُوا زَرْعاً لأنَّكُمْ لا تَدْرُونَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَلا تَعْقِرُوا مِنَ الْبَهَائِمِ مِمَّإ؛ يُؤْكَلُ لَحْمُهُ إِلا مَا لا بُدَّ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَكْلِهِ وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ عَدُوّاً لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَادْعُوهُمْ إِلَى إِحْدَى ثَلاثٍ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَجَابُوكُمْ إِلَيْهَا فَاقْبَلُوا مِنْهُمْ وَكُفُّوا عَنْهُمْ ادْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الإسْلامِ فَإِنْ دَخَلُوا فِيهِ فَاقْبَلُوهُ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفُّوا عَنْهُمْ وَادْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْهِجْرَةِ بَعْدَ الإسْلامِ فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَاقْبَلُوا مِنْهُمْ وَكُفُّوا عَنْهُمْ وَإِنْ أَبَوْا أَنْ يُهَاجِرُوا وَاخْتَارُوا دِيَارَهُمْ وَأَبَوْا أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا فِي دَارِ الْهِجْرَةِ كَانُوا بِمَنْزِلَةِ أَعْرَابِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ مَا يَجْرِي عَلَى أَعْرَابِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلا يَجْرِي لَهُمْ فِي الْفَيْ‏ءِ وَلا فِي الْقِسْمَةِ شَيْ‏ءٌ إِلا أَنْ يُهَاجِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فَإِنْ أَبَوْا هَاتَيْنِ فَادْعُوهُمْ إِلَى إِعْطَاءِ الْجِزْيَةِ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ فَإِنْ أَعْطَوُا الْجِزْيَةَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ وَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَاسْتَعِنِ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَيْهِمْ وَجَاهِدْهُمْ فِي اللهِ حَقَّ جِهَادِهِ وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَأَرَادُوكَ عَلَى أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَلا تَنْزِلْ لَهُمْ وَلَكِنْ أَنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِكُمْ ثُمَّ اقْضِ فِيهِمْ بَعْدُ مَا شِئْتُمْ فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ تَرَكْتُمُوهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللهِ لَمْ تَدْرُوا تُصِيبُوا حُكْمَ اللهِ فِيهِمْ أَمْ لا وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتُمْ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَإِنْ آذَنُوكَ عَلَى أَنْ تُنْزِلَهُمْ عَلَى ذِمَّةِ اللهِ وَذِمَّةِ رَسُولِهِ فَلا تُنْزِلْهُمْ وَلَكِنْ أَنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى ذِمَمِكُمْ وَذِمَمِ آبَائِكُمْ وَإِخْوَانِكُمْ فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَمَكُمْ وَذِمَمَ آبَائِكُمْ وَإِخْوَانِكُمْ كَانَ أَيْسَرَ عَلَيْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنْ أَنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَّةَ اللهِ وَذِمَّةَ رَسُولِهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه).

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Harun ibn Muslim Mas’adah ibn Sadaqah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when the Holy Prophet appointed a commander for a small group of people to be dispatched for an armed expedition, he commanded him to maintain piety before Allah in his own affairs, then he commanded him to maintain piety in the affairs of the people under his command. He then said, ‘Mobilize in the name of Allah and in the way of Allah. Fight those who reject belief in Allah. You must not betray, or deceive, you must not deform anyone, you must not kill children, you must not kill devoted worshippers who live in desolate places, you must not burn palm trees or flood them in water, you must not cut down fruit-bearing trees, you must not burn down farms because you do not know who will use them for food. When you meet an enemy of the Muslims, give him three choices. If he accepts you also must accept it from him and allow him to live free. Call them to al-Islam. If they accept you must also accept it (their acceptance) and allow them to live free; or ask them to migrate (to the land under the Islamic domain) after their accepting al-Islam. If they accepted you must also accept it from them and allow them to live free. If they refuse migration but choose to remain in their land and refuse to move to migration locations, they are considered as the believing Arabs. Whatever applied to believing Arabs apply to them. They will have no share in al- Fai ’ and any dividend until they move in the way of Allah. If they refuse to accept both of the previous choices, then ask them to pay taxes with their own hands in a humble manner. If they agree to pay taxes then you must accept it from them and allow them to be free. If they refuse all the choices, then ask assistance from Allah and do Jihad against them in the way Jihad must be performed. If the residents of the stronghold are surrounded and they propose that they are ready to accept the laws of Allah in the matter, do not accept their proposal. Ask them to accept your decision in the matter. Thereafter make your decision the way you want. If you leave them according to the laws of Allah, you will not be able to find if you have found Allah’s applicable law in the matter or not. When you surround the residents of a stronghold and they ask you to deal with them upon the responsibility of Allah and the responsibility of His Messenger, you must not agree with such a proposal. In fact you must deal with them upon your own responsibility and the responsibility of your fathers and brothers. It is easier for you if you could not keep up with your responsibility and the responsibility of your fathers and brothers, than your failure to keep up with the responsibility of Allah and His Messenger ‘Alayhi al-Salam.’”

9- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حُمْرَانَ وَجَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ كِلاهُمَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) إِذَا بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً دَعَا بِأَمِيرِهَا فَأَجْلَسَهُ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ وَأَجْلَسَ أَصْحَابَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ سِيرُوا بِسْمِ اللهِ وَبِاللهِ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) لا تَغْدِرُوا وَلا تَغُلُّوا وَلا تُمَثِّلُوا وَلا تَقْطَعُوا شَجَرَةً إِلا أَنْ تُضْطَرُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَلا تَقْتُلُوا شَيْخاً فَانِياً وَلا صَبِيّاً وَلا امْرَأَةً وَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَدْنَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَفْضَلِهِمْ نَظَرَ إِلَى أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَهُوَ جَارٌ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلامَ اللهِ فَإِذَا سَمِعَ كَلامَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَإِنْ تَبِعَكُمْ فَأَخُوكُمْ فِي دِينِكُمْ وَإِنْ أَبَى فَاسْتَعِينُوا بِاللهِ عَلَيْهِ وَأَبْلِغُوهُ مَأْمَنَهُ. عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) مِثْلَهُ إِلا أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ نَظَرَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي أَقْصَى الْعَسْكَرِ وَأَدْنَاهُ فَهُوَ جَارٌ.

9. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from Muhammad ibn Humran and Jamil ibn al-Darraj who both have narrated who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that whenever the Messenger of Allah dispatched a small group for an armed expedition, he called their commander and made him sit on his side. He then called the soldiers and made them sit in front of him and said to them, ‘March in the name of Allah, with Allah, in the way of Allah and upon the religion of the Messenger of Allah. You must not betray and you must not act excessively, you must not deform people, you must not cut down trees unless you are forced, you must not kill old people, children and women. If anyone of the Muslims of a higher or lower position looks with sympathy upon any of the pagans, such pagan person is in his protection until he hears the words of Allah. When he, the pagan man, hears the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, and if he follows you, he then is considered your brother in religion and if he refused, then ask Allah for assistance against him and send him back to his safe place.’” Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamil from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), a similar Hadith. Except that he has said, “If anyone of the Muslims looks on a pagan man with sympathy in the near or far away positions of the army, such pagan man is considered under his protection.”