9. Chapter 9(a) - Granting Immunity
Back to book1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) يَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ جَيْشاً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَاصَرُوا قَوْماً مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَأَشْرَفَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ أَعْطُونِي الأمَانَ حَتَّى أَلْقَى صَاحِبَكُمْ وَأُنَاظِرَهُ فَأَعْطَاهُ أَدْنَاهُمُ الأمَانَ وَجَبَ عَلَى أَفْضَلِهِمُ الْوَفَاءُ بِهِ.
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from af-Nawfafiy from af-Sakuniy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘What is the meaning of the words of the Holy Prophet, . . commitment of a person of the lowest position among them becomes a commitment of all of them (Muslims)?’” He (the Imam) replied, ‘It means, if the Muslim army surrounds a stronghold of the pagans and a man comes up saying, “Grant me immunity so I can debate your man.” If a man of the lowest position in the Muslim army grants him immunity, it becomes obligatory for all of them to fulfill that commitment.’”
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: ضعيف على المشهور - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (8/357)
2- عَلِيٌّ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّ عَلِيّاً (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَجَازَ أَمَانَ عَبْدٍ مَمْلُوكٍ لأهْلِ حِصْنٍ مِنَ الْحُصُونِ وَقَالَ هُوَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.
2. Ali has narrated from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas’adah ibn Sadaqah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once honored the immunity granted by a Muslim slave to the people of a fortress, saying, ‘He is of the believing people.’”
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: ضعيف - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (18/357)
3- عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آمَنَ رَجُلا عَلَى ذِمَّةٍ ثُمَّ قَتَلَهُ إِلا جَاءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَحْمِلُ لِوَاءَ الْغَدْرِ.
3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Yahya ibn ‘Imran from Yunus from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sulayman who has said the following: “I heard abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘Whoever provides a commitment of immunity to someone but then kills him, he on the Day of Judgment will come, carrying the banner of betrayal.’”
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: مجهول - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (8/357)
4- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَوْ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ قَوْماً حَاصَرُوا مَدِينَةً فَسَأَلُوهُمُ الأمَانَ فَقَالُوا لا فَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا نَعَمْ فَنَزَلُوا إِلَيْهِمْ كَانُوا آمِنِينَ.
4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Muhammad ibn al-Hakam from abu ‘Abd Allah, or abu al- Hassan, recipients of divine supreme covenant, who has said the following: “If a people surrounds a city and the people of the city ask for immunity and they reply negatively to their request but they think it is a positive response and came out of their fortress, such people are entitled to a binding commitment of immunity.”
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: مجهول - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (8/358)
5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ أَبِيهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابٍ لِعَلِيٍّ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) كَتَبَ كِتَاباً بَيْنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالأنْصَارِ وَمَنْ لَحِقَ بِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ يَثْرِبَ أَنَّ كُلَّ غَازِيَةٍ غَزَتْ بِمَا يُعَقِّبُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضاً بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْقِسْطِ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَإِنَّهُ لا يَجُوزُ حَرْبٌ إِلا بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهَا وَإِنَّ الْجَارَ كَالنَّفْسِ غَيْرَ مُضَارٍّ وَلا آثِمٍ وَحُرْمَةَ الْجَارِ عَلَى الْجَارِ كَحُرْمَةِ أُمِّهِ وَأَبِيهِ لا يُسَالِمُ مُؤْمِنٌ دُونَ مُؤْمِنٍ فِي قِتَالٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ إِلا عَلَى عَدْلٍ وَسَوَاءٍ.
5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Talhah ibn Zayd who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that he has read in the book of Ali, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, wrote the following in a letter for al-Muhajirun, al- Ansar and those who join them from the people of Yathrib: ‘Every mobilization that is arranged for an armed confrontation must be continued step by step with legitimacy and justice among the Muslims. It is not permissible to start a war without the permission of the people (who will maintain it). The rights of neighbors are just like one’s soul that must be held harmless and sinless. The respect and honor of a neighbor is like the honor and respect of a mother and father. A believing person does not make peace just for himself, ignoring the other believer during a war for the cause of Allah, except on the basis of justice and equality.’”
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: ضعيف كالموثق - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (18/358)