قال الشيخ رحمه الله ولا زكاة في المال الغائب عن صاحبه إذا عدم التمكن من التصرف فيه يدل على ذلك ما رواه
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “There is no zakat on wealth that is absent from its owner when he lacks the ability to dispose of it.” What indicates that is what he narrated (in the following hadith):
عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَخَوَيْهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِمَا عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ اَلْجَهْمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَمَّنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي رَجُلٍ مَالُهُ عَنْهُ غَائِبٌ لاَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَخْذِهِ قَالَ» فَلاَ زَكَاةَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ فَإِذَا خَرَجَ زَكَّاهُ لِعَامٍ وَاحِدٍ وَ إِنْ كَانَ يَدَعُهُ مُتَعَمِّداً وَ هُوَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَخْذِهِ فَعَلَيْهِ اَلزَّكَاةُ لِكُلِّ مَا مَرَّ بِهِ مِنَ اَلسِّنِينَ«.
Ali ibn al-Hasan, from his two brothers, from their father, from al-Hasan ibn al-Jahm, from Abdullah ibn Bukayr, from the one who narrated it, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, that he said: Imam (a.s) said regarding ‘a man whose wealth is absent from him and he is not able to take possession of it.’ Imam (a.s) said: “Then there is no zakat upon him until it comes out. So when it comes out, he pays zakat on it for one year. But if he leaves it deliberately while he is able to take possession of it, then zakat is upon him for every one of the years that has passed over it.”
سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلنَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» لاَ صَدَقَةَ عَلَى اَلدَّيْنِ وَ لاَ عَلَى اَلْمَالِ اَلْغَائِبِ عَنْكَ حَتَّى يَقَعَ فِي يَدَيْكَ«.
Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Said, from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “There is no charity upon a debt, nor upon wealth that is absent from you, until it falls into your hands.”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَغِيبُ عَنْهُ مَالُهُ خَمْسَ سِنِينَ ثُمَّ يَأْتِيهِ وَ لاَ يُرَدُّ عَلَيْهِ رَأْسُ اَلْمَالِ كَمْ يُزَكِّيهِ قَالَ» سَنَةً وَاحِدَةً«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Rifaah, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘a man whose wealth is absent from him for five years, then it comes to him, and the principal of the wealth is not returned to him. How much does he pay zakat on it?’ Imam (a.s) said: “For one year.”
قال الشيخ رحمه الله:) ولا زكاة في الدين إلا أن يكون تأخيره من جهة مالكه( يدل على ذلك ما رواه:
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “There is no zakat on debt (dayn), unless its delay is from the side of its owner.” What indicates that is what he narrated (in the following hadith):
عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ نُوحٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ لَيْسَ فِي اَلدَّيْنِ زَكَاةٌ فَقَالَ» لاَ«.
Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Faddal, from Ayyub ibn Nuh, from Safwan ibn Yahya, from Abdullah ibn Muskan, from Muhammad ibn Ali al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) said to Imam (a.s): “Is there is no zakat in debt?” Imam (a.s) said: “No.”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مَرَّارٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ دُرُسْتَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» لَيْسَ فِي اَلدَّيْنِ زَكَاةٌ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ صَاحِبُ اَلدَّيْنِ هُوَ اَلَّذِي يُؤَخِّرُهُ فَإِذَا كَانَ لاَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَخْذِهِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ زَكَاةٌ حَتَّى يَقْبِضَهُ«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ismail ibn Marrar, from Yunus, from Durust, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “There is no zakat in debt unless the owner of the debt is the one who delays it. But if he is not able to take possession of it, then there is no zakat upon him until he receives it.”
عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ وَ مُحَمَّدٍ اِبْنَيِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِمَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ مَيْسَرَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ اَلدَّيْنُ أَيُزَكِّيهِ قَالَ» كُلُّ دَيْنٍ يَدَعُهُ هُوَ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَخْذَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ زَكَاتُهُ وَ مَا كَانَ لاَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَخْذِهِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ زَكَاةٌ«.
Ali ibn al-Hasan, from Ahmad and Muhammad, the two sons of al-Hasan, from their father, from Abdullah ibn Bukayr, from Maysarah, from Abd al-Aziz, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘a man who has a debt, Does he pay zakat on it?’ Imam (a.s) said: “Every debt that he leaves, while if he wanted to take it he could take it, then its zakat is upon him. But whatever he is not able to take, then there is no zakat upon him.”
قال الشيخ رحمه الله:) ولا زكاة على القارض وعلى المستقرض زكاته ما دام في يده فإذا رجع الى صاحبه وحال عليه الحول وجب عليه(. يدل على ذلك ما رواه:
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “There is no zakat upon the lender (qarid), and upon the borrower (mustaqrid) is its zakat as long as it remains in his hand. Then when it returns to its owner and a year passes over it, it becomes obligatory upon him.” What indicates that is what he narrated (in the following hadith):
سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ اِسْتَقْرَضَ مَالاً فَحَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلْحَوْلُ وَ هُوَ عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَ» إِنْ كَانَ اَلَّذِي أَقْرَضَهُ يُؤَدِّي زَكَاتَهُ فَلاَ زَكَاةَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لاَ يُؤَدِّي أَدَّى اَلْمُسْتَقْرِضُ«.
Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Said, from Safwan ibn Yahya, from Mansur ibn Hazim, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam (a.s) was asked regarding ‘a man who borrowed wealth, then a year passed over it while it was with him.’ Imam (a.s) said: “If the one who lent it pays its zakat, then there is no zakat upon him, but if he does not pay it, the borrower pays it.”
اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلنُّعْمَانِ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُقْرِضُ اَلْمَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ اَلسَّنَةَ وَاَلسَّنَتَيْنِ وَ اَلثَّلاَثَ أَوْ مَا شَاءَ اَللَّهُ عَلَى مَنِ اَلزَّكَاةُ عَلَى اَلْمُقْرِضِ أَوْ عَلَى اَلْمُسْتَقْرِضِ فَقَالَ» عَلَى اَلْمُسْتَقْرِضِ لِأَنَّ لَهُ نَفْعَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ زَكَاتُهُ«.
Al-Husayn ibn Said, from Ali ibn al-Numan, from Yaqub ibn Shuayb, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘a man who lends wealth to another man for one year, two years, three years, or whatever Allah (swt) wills. Thus, upon whom is the zakat, upon the lender or upon the borrower?’ Imam (a.s) said: “Upon the borrower, because its benefit belongs to him, so its zakat is upon him.”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مَالاً قَرْضاً عَلَى مَنْ زَكَاتُهُ أَ عَلَى اَلْمُقْرِضِ أَوْ عَلَى اَلْمُقْتَرِضِ قَالَ» لاَ بَلْ زَكَاتُهَا إِنْ كَانَتْ مَوْضُوعَةً عِنْدَهُ حَوْلاً عَلَى اَلْمُقْتَرِضِ« قَالَ قُلْتُ فَلَيْسَ عَلَى اَلْمُقْرِضِ زَكَاتُهَا قَالَ» لاَ لاَ يُزَكَّى اَلْمَالُ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ فِي عَامٍ وَاحِدٍ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَى اَلدَّافِعِ شَيْءٌ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي يَدِهِ شَيْءٌ لِأَنَّ اَلْمَالَ فِي يَدِ اَلْآخَرِ فَمَنْ كَانَ اَلْمَالُ فِي يَدِهِ زَكَّاهُ« قَالَ قُلْتُ أَفَيُزَكِّي مَالَ غَيْرِهِ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَقَالَ» إِنَّهُ مَالُهُ مَا دَامَ فِي يَدِهِ وَ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ اَلْمَالُ لِأَحَدٍ غَيْرِهِ« ثُمَّ قَالَ» يَا زُرَارَةُ أَ رَأَيْتَ وَضِيعَةُ ذَلِكَ اَلْمَالِ وَ رِبْحُهُ لِمَنْ هُوَ وَ عَلَى مَنْ« قُلْتُ لِلْمُقْتَرِضِ قَالَ» فَلَهُ اَلْفَضْلُ وَ عَلَيْهِ اَلنُّقْصَانُ وَ لَهُ أَنْ يَلْبَسَ وَيَنْكِحَ وَ يَأْكُلَ مِنْهُ وَ لاَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ لاَ يُزَكِّيَهُ بَلْ يُزَكِّيهِ فَإِنَّهُ عَلَيْهِ«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad, from Hariz, from Zurarah, who said: I said to Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him: “A man gave wealth to another man as a loan; upon whom is its zakat, upon the lender or upon the borrower?” Imam (a.s) said: “No, rather its zakat, if it has been placed with him for a year, is upon the borrower.” He (narrator) said: “I asked: ‘Then is its zakat not upon the lender?’” Imam (a.s) said: “No. Wealth is not paid zakat on from two sides in one year, and there is nothing upon the one who gives it, because there is nothing in his hand, for the wealth is in the hand of the other. So whoever has the wealth in his hand pays zakat on it.” He (narrator) said: “I asked: ‘Does he then pay zakat on the wealth of someone else from his own wealth?’” Imam (a.s) said: “It is his wealth as long as it is in his hand, and that wealth does not belong to anyone other than him.” Then Imam (a.s) said: “O Zurarah, have you considered the loss of that wealth and its profit, whose are they, and upon whom are they?” I (narrator) replied: “They belong to the borrower.” Imam (a.s) said: “Then the surplus belongs to him, and the deficiency is upon him, and he may clothe himself, marry, and eat from it. And it is not proper for him not to pay zakat on it. Rather, he should pay zakat on it, for it is upon him.”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِهِشَامِ بْنِ أَحْمَرَ أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَسْأَلَ لِي أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّ لِقَوْمٍ عِنْدِي قُرُوضاً لَيْسَ يَطْلُبُونَهَا مِنِّي أَفَعَلَيَّ زَكَاةٌ فَقَالَ» لاَ تَقْضِي وَ لاَ تُزَكِّي زَكِّ«.
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Yaqub ibn Yazid, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from al-Hasan ibn Atiyyah, who said: I (narrator) said to Hisham ibn Ahmar: “I would like you to ask Abu al-Hasan (a.s), peace be upon him, for me: ‘There are loans belonging to some people with me, and they do not demand them from me; is there zakat upon me?’” Imam (a.s) said: “You do not repay, and you do not pay zakat? Pay zakat.”
فأما الذي يدل على انه إذا رجع المال الى صاحبه لا تجب عليه الزكاة حتى يحول عليه الحول ما رواه:
As for that which indicates that when the wealth returns to its owner, zakat is not obligatory upon it until a year passes over it, it is what he narrated (in the following hadith):
سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ وَ اَلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلدَّيْنُ عَلَيْهِ زَكَاةٌ فَقَالَ» لاَ حَتَّى يَقْبِضَهُ« قُلْتُ فَإِذَا قَبَضَهُ أَ يُزَكِّيهِ فَقَالَ» لاَ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ اَلْحَوْلُ فِي يَدَيْهِ«.
Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Said and al-Abbas ibn Maruf, from Safwan ibn Yahya, from Ishaq ibn Ammar, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Ibrahim (a.s), peace be upon him: “Is there zakat upon debt?” Imam (a.s) said: “No, until he receives it.” I (narrator) asked: “Then when he receives it, does he pay zakat on it?” Imam (a.s) said: “No, until a year passes over it in his hands.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْمُودٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ اَلْوَدِيعَةُ وَ اَلدَّيْنُ فَلاَ يَصِلُ إِلَيْهِمَا ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُهُمَا مَتَى تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ اَلزَّكَاةُ قَالَ» إِذَا أَخَذَهُمَا ثُمَّ يَحُولُ عَلَيْهِ اَلْحَوْلُ يُزَكِّي«.
And from him, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibrahim ibn Abi Mahmud, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu al-Hasan al-Ridha (a.s), peace be upon him: “A man has a deposit and a debt, but he does not reach them, then he takes them. When does zakat become obligatory upon him?” Imam (a.s) said: “When he takes them, then a year passes over them, he pays zakat.”
