Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ اَلثَّوْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« إِذَا كَانَ اَلْمَاءُ فِي اَلرَّكِيِّ كُرّاً لَمْ يُنَجِّسْهُ شَيْءٌ» قُلْتُ وَ كَمِ اَلْكُرُّ قَالَ« ثَلاَثَةُ أَشْبَارٍ وَ نِصْفٌ عُمْقُهَا فِي ثَلاَثَةِ أَشْبَارٍ وَ نِصْفٍ عَرْضِهَا».

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Mahbub, from Al-Hasan ibn Salih Al-Thawri, narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s): Imam (a.s) said: "If the water in a well is a kurr (a specific volume), nothing can render it impure." I asked: "And how much is a kurr?" Imam (a.s) said: "Three and a half spans in depth and three and a half spans in width."

قال محمد بن الحسن: قد بينا ان حكم الابار مفارق لحكم الغدران وانها تنجس بما يقع فيها وتطهر بنزح شئ منها سواء كان الماء فيها قليلا أو كثيرا، والوجه في هذا الخبر أن نحمله على ضرب من التقية لانه موافق لمذهب بعض العامة خاصة والراوي له الحسن بن صالح وهو زيدي بتري متروك العمل بما يختص بروايته.

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan commented: “We have already explained that the ruling regarding wells differs from that of ponds, as wells become impure by anything falling into them, and they are purified by drawing some water out of them, whether the water is little or abundant. The interpretation of this narration is that it may have been stated out of precautionary dissimulation (taqiyyah), as it aligns with the views of some non-Shi’a scholars. Moreover, the narrator, Al-Hasan ibn Salih, was a Zaydi Batri, and his narrations are not relied upon exclusively.”

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ يَحْيَى اَلْكَاهِلِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: «إِذَا أَتَيْتَ مَاءً وَ فِيهِ قِلَّةٌ فَانْضِحْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ وَ عَنْ يَسَارِكَ وَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ وَ تَوَضَّأْ».

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn Al-Hakam, from Abdullah ibn Yahya Al-Kahili, who said: I heard Abu Abdullah (a.s) say: "If you come to water that has a small quantity, sprinkle (some water) to your right, to your left, and in front of you, and then perform wudu (ablution)."

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمَاءِ اَلسَّاكِنِ وَ اَلاِسْتِنْجَاءِ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ« تَوَضَّأْ مِنَ اَلْجَانِبِ اَلْآخَرِ وَ لاَ تَوَضَّأْ مِنْ جَانِبِ اَلْجِيفَةِ

Al-Husayn ibn Sa’id, from Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about still water and performing istinja (purification after relieving oneself) with it. Imam (a.s) said: "Perform wudu (ablution) from the other side and do not perform wudu from the side where the carcass is."

عَنْهُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُرُّ بِالْمَيْتَةِ فِي اَلْمَاءِ قَالَ« يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنَ اَلنَّاحِيَةِ اَلَّتِي لَيْسَ فِيهَا اَلْمَيْتَةُ».

From him, from Uthman ibn Isa, from Sama’ah, who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who passes by a dead animal in water. Imam (a.s) said: "He should perform wudu (ablution) from the side that does not have the dead animal."

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« فِي اَلْمَاءِ اَلْآجِنِ تَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ تَجِدَ مَاءً غَيْرَهُ فَتَنَزَّهْ عَنْهُ».

Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi Umair, from Hammad, from Al-Halabi: Abu Abdullah (a.s) was asked regarding stagnant water. Imam (a.s) said: "You may perform wudu (ablution) with it unless you find other water, in which case avoid it."

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَ قَالَ:« مَاءُ اَلْبِئْرِ وَاسِعٌ لاَ يُفْسِدُهُ شَيْءٌ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَتَغَيَّرَ».

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn Isma’il, narrated from Imam al-Ridha (a.s): Imam (a.s) said: "The water of a well is abundant; nothing can render it impure unless its (color, taste, or smell) changes."

قال محمد بن الحسن: الوجه في هذا الخبر انه لا يفسده شئ لا يجوز الانتفاع بشئ منه إلا بعد نزح جميعه إلا إذا تغير فاما إذا لم يتغير فانه ينزح منه مقدار وينتفع بالباقي على ما بيناه.

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan commented: “The meaning of this narration is that nothing renders it impure in a way that would prohibit its use entirely unless all of it is drawn out - except in cases where it changes. However, if it does not change, then a specific amount should be drawn out, and the remaining water can be used, as we have previously explained.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنِ اَلْعَمْرَكِيِّ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ذَبَحَ شَاةً فَاضْطَرَبَتْ فَوَقَعَتْ فِي بِئْرِ مَاءٍ وَ أَوْدَاجُهَا تَشْخُبُ دَماً هَلْ يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ اَلْبِئْرِ قَالَ« يَنْزَحُ مَا بَيْنَ اَلثَّلاَثِينَ إِلَى اَلْأَرْبَعِينَ دَلْواً ثُمَّ يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهَا وَ لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ» قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ذَبَحَ دَجَاجَةً أَوْ حَمَامَةً فَوَقَعَتْ فِي بِئْرٍ هَلْ يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يَتَوَضَّأَ مِنْهَا قَالَ« يَنْزَحُ مِنْهَا دِلاَءً يَسِيرَةً ثُمَّ يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهَا» وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَسْتَقِي مِنْ بِئْرٍ فَرَعَفَ فِيهَا هَلْ يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهَا قَالَ« نْزَحُ مِنْهَا دِلاَءً يَسِيرَةً».

Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Al-Amraki ibn Ali, from Ali ibn Ja’far (a.s), who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who slaughtered a sheep, and it thrashed about, causing it to fall into a well while its veins were still pouring blood. Can one perform wudu (ablution) from that well? Imam (a.s) said: "He should draw between thirty to forty buckets from it, and then he may perform wudu from it, and there is no harm." I also asked Imam (a.s) about a man who slaughtered a chicken or a pigeon, and it fell into a well. Can one perform wudu from it? Imam (a.s) said: "He should draw a few buckets from it, and then he may perform wudu from it." I further asked Imam (a.s) about a man who was drawing water from a well and had a nosebleed into it. Can one perform wudu from it? Imam (a.s) said: "He should draw a few buckets from it."

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْحَبْلِ يَكُونُ مِنْ شَعْرِ اَلْخِنْزِيرِ يُسْتَقَى بِهِ اَلْمَاءُ مِنَ اَلْبِئْرِ أَ يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ اَلْمَاءِ قَالَ« لاَ بَأْسَ».

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Mahbub, from Ibn Ri’ab, from Zurarah, narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s): I asked Imam (a.s) about a rope made from the hair of a pig that is used to draw water from a well. Can one perform wudu (ablution) with that water? Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm."

قال محمد بن الحسن: هذا الخبر محمول على انه إذا لم يصل الشعر إلى الماء لانه لو وصل إليه لكان مفسدا له على ما بيناه في كتاب الصيد والذبايح.

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan commented: “This narration is interpreted as applying to a case where the pig’s hair does not come into contact with the water. If it does come into contact, it would render the water impure, as explained in the book of hunting and slaughtering.”

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ رِبَاطٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْبَالُوعَةِ تَكُونُ فَوْقَ الْبِئْرِ؟ قَالَ: إِذَا كَانَتْ أَسْفَلَ مِنَ الْبِئْرِ فَخَمْسَةُ أَذْرُعٍ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ فَوْقَ الْبِئْرِ فَسَبْعَةُ أَذْرُعٍ مِنْ كُلِّ نَاحِيَةٍ، وَذٰلِكَ كَثِيرٌ.

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from Al-Hasan ibn Ribbat, narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s): I asked Imam (a.s) about a drain that is located above a well. Imam (a.s) said: "If it is lower than the well, then the distance should be five cubits. If it is above the well, then the distance should be seven cubits from every direction. And that is sufficient."

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ السَّرَّاجِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ قُدَامَةَ بْنِ أَبِي زَيْدٍ الْحِمَارِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ كَمْ أَدْنَى مَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ بِئْرِ الْمَاءِ وَالْبَالُوعَةِ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ سَهْلًا فَسَبْعَةُ أَذْرُعٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ جَبَلًا فَخَمْسَةُ أَذْرُعٍ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: يُجْرِي الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ إِلَى يَمِينٍ، وَيُجْرَى عَنْ يَمِينِ الْقِبْلَةِ إِلَى يَسَارِ الْقِبْلَةِ، وَيُجْرَى عَنْ يَسَارِ الْقِبْلَةِ إِلَى يَمِينِ الْقِبْلَةِ، وَلَا يُجْرَى مِنَ الْقِبْلَةِ إِلَى دُبُرِ الْقِبْلَةِ.

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn Isma’il, from Abu Isma’il Al-Sarraj, from Abdullah ibn Uthman, from Qudamah ibn Abi Zayd Al-Himar, from some of our companions, narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s): I asked Imam (a.s): "What is the minimum distance between a water well and a drain?" Imam (a.s) said: "If it is flat land, then seven cubits. If it is rocky (mountainous) land, then five cubits." Then Imam (a.s) said: "Water should flow toward the Qiblah to the right, and it should flow from the right of the Qiblah to the left of the Qiblah, and from the left of the Qiblah to the right of the Qiblah. However, it should not flow from the Qiblah to the direction opposite to the Qiblah."

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الدِّيلَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَنِ الْبِئْرِ يَكُونُ إِلَى جَنْبِهَا الْكُنِيفُ؟ فَقَالَ لِي: إِنَّ مَجْرَى الْعُيُونِ كُلَّهَا مَعَ مَهَبِّ الشَّمَالِ، فَإِذَا كَانَتِ الْبِئْرُ النَّظِيفَةُ فَوْقَ الشَّمَالِ وَالْكُنِيفُ أَسْفَلَ مِنْهَا لَمْ يَضُرَّهَا إِذَا كَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا أَذْرُعٌ. وَإِنْ كَانَ الْكُنِيفُ فَوْقَ النَّظِيفَةِ فَلَا أَقَلَّ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ ذِرَاعًا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ تُجَاهَهَا بِحِذَاءِ الْقِبْلَةِ وَهُمَا مُسْتَوِيَانِ فِي مَهَبِّ الشَّمَالِ فَسَبْعَةُ أَذْرُعٍ.

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Ibrahim ibn Ishaq, from Muhammad ibn Sulayman Al-Daylami, from his father, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a well that is located near a toilet. Imam (a.s) said to me: "The flow of all underground water follows the direction of the north wind. If the clean well is situated above the north and the toilet is below it, then it does not harm the well as long as there is a specified distance between them. And if the toilet is above the clean well, then the distance should not be less than twelve cubits. However, if the toilet is directly opposite the well, facing the Qiblah, and they are at the same level along the path of the north wind, then the distance should be seven cubits."

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَأَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالُوا: قُلْنَا لَهُ بِئْرٌ يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهَا يَجْرِي الْبَوْلُ قَرِيبًا مِنْهَا أَيُنَجِّسُهَا؟ قَالَ: إِنْ كَانَتِ الْبِئْرُ فِي أَعْلَى الْوَادِي وَالْوَادِي يَجْرِي فِيهِ الْبَوْلُ مِنْ تَحْتِهَا وَكَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا قَدْرُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَذْرُعٍ أَوْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَذْرُعٍ لَمْ يُنَجِّسْ ذٰلِكَ شَيْءٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبِئْرُ فِي أَسْفَلِ الْوَادِي وَيَمُرُّ الْمَاءُ عَلَيْهَا وَكَانَ بَيْنَ الْبِئْرِ وَبَيْنَهُ تِسْعَةُ أَذْرُعٍ لَمْ يُنَجِّسَا، وَمَا كَانَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذٰلِكَ لَمْ يُتَوَضَّأْ مِنْهُ. قَالَ زُرَارَةُ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: فَإِنْ كَانَ يَجْرِي بِلَزْقِهَا وَكَانَ لَا يَلْبَثُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ؟ فَقَالَ: مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ قَرَارٌ فَلَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ، فَإِنِ اسْتَقَرَّ مِنْهُ قَلِيلٌ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَثْقُبُ الْأَرْضَ وَلَا يَغُولُهُ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْبِئْرَ، وَلَيْسَ عَلَى الْبِئْرِ مِنْهُ بَأْسٌ فَتَوَضَّأْ مِنْهُ، إِنَّمَا ذٰلِكَ إِذَا اسْتَنْقَعَ كُلُّهُ.

Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Hariz, from Zurarah, Muhammad ibn Muslim, and Abu Basir, who said: We said to Imam (a.s): "A well is used for wudu (ablution), and urine flows nearby it. Does it make the well impure?" Imam (a.s) said: "If the well is at a higher elevation in the valley, and the urine flows below it, and there is a distance of three or four cubits between them, then nothing renders it impure. But if the well is at a lower elevation in the valley, and water flows over it, and there is a distance of nine cubits between the well and the flow, neither of them becomes impure. However, if the distance is less than that, one should not perform wudu from it." Zurarah said: "I then asked Imam (a.s), 'What if the flow passes right next to it and does not settle on the ground?' Imam (a.s) said: 'As long as it does not settle, there is no harm. But if even a small amount of it settles and does not penetrate the ground or seep into the well, then the well is not affected by it. Perform wudu from it. The problem arises only if the impurity collects completely in one place and stagnates.'"

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي الْبِئْرِ يَكُونُ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ الْكُنِيفِ خَمْسَةُ أَذْرُعٍ وَأَقَلُّ وَأَكْثَرُ، يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهَا؟ قَالَ: لَيْسَ يُكْرَهُ مِنْ قُرْبٍ وَلَا بُعْدٍ، يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهَا وَيَغْتَسِلُ مَا لَمْ يَتَغَيَّرِ الْمَاءُ.

Ahmad ibn Idris, from Muhammad ibn Ahmad, from Abbad ibn Sulayman, from Sa’d ibn Sa’d, from Muhammad ibn Al-Qasim: Abu Al-Hasan (a.s) was asked regarding a well that is five cubits or less, or more, away from a toilet. Imam (a.s) was asked: "Can one perform wudu (ablution) from it?" Imam (a.s) said: "There is no dislike, whether near or far. One may perform wudu and ghusl (ritual purification) from it, as long as the water does not change."

قال محمد بن الحسن: هذا الخبر يدل على ان الاخبار المتقدمة كلها محمولة على الاستحباب دون الحظر والايجاب.

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan commented: “This narration indicates that the earlier narrations are to be understood as recommendations rather than prohibitions or obligations.”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي مِيزَابَيْنِ سَالَا أَحَدُهُمَا بَوْلٌ وَالْآخَرُ مَاءُ الْمَطَرِ فَاخْتَلَطَا فَأَصَابَ ثَوْبَ رَجُلٍ، لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ ذٰلِكَ.

Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi Umair, from Hisham ibn Al-Hakam: Abu Abdullah (a.s) was asked regarding two spouts - one carrying urine and the other carrying rainwater - that flowed and mixed, and then splashed onto a man's clothing. Imam (a.s) said: "It does not harm him."

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْهَيْثَمِ بْنِ أَبِي مَسْرُوقٍ عَنِ الْحُكْمِ بْنِ مِسْكِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: لَوْ أَنَّ مِيزَابَيْنِ سَالَا، مِيزَابٌ بِبَوْلٍ وَمِيزَابٌ بِمَاءٍ فَاخْتَلَطَا، ثُمَّ أَصَابَكَ مَا كَانَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ.

Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Al-Haytham ibn Abi Masruq, from Al-Hakam ibn Miskin, from Muhammad ibn Marwan, narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s): Imam (a.s) said: "If two spouts were to flow - one carrying urine and the other carrying water - and they mixed, then if something from it touches you, there is no harm."

قال محمد بن الحسن: الوجه في هذين الخبرين هو أن ماء المطر إذا جرى من الميزاب فحكمه حكم الماء الجاري لا ينجسه شئ إلا ما غير لونه أو طعمه أو رايحته، يدل على ذلك.

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan commented: “The interpretation of these two narrations is that rainwater flowing from a spout is considered like flowing water, which does not become impure unless its color, taste, or smell changes. This is supported by other evidence.”

مَا رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَنِ الْبَيْتِ يُبَالُ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ وَيُغْتَسَلُ فِيهِ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ، ثُمَّ يُصِيبُهُ الْمَاءُ، أَيُؤْخَذُ مِنْ مَائِهِ فَيَتَوَضَّأُ لِلصَّلَاةِ؟ فَقَالَ: إِذَا جَرَى فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

Ali ibn Ja’far narrated: I asked Abu Al-Hasan Musa (a.s) about a house where urine is poured on its roof, and ghusl (ritual purification) from janabah (major impurity) is performed there, and then water flows down from it. Can water from it be used for wudu (ablution) for prayer? Imam (a.s) said: "If it flows, then there is no harm in it."

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: رَاوِيَةٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ سَقَطَتْ فِيهَا فَارَةٌ أَوْ جُرَذٌ أَوْ صُعْوَةٌ مَيِّتَةٌ؟ قَالَ: إِذَا تَفَسَّخَ فِيهَا فَلَا تَشْرَبْ مِنْ مَائِهَا وَلَا تَتَوَضَّأْ وَصُبَّهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ مُتَفَسِّخٍ فَاشْرَبْ مِنْهُ وَتَوَضَّأْ وَاطْرَحِ الْمَيِّتَةَ إِذَا أَخْرَجْتَهَا طَرِيَّةً. وَكَذٰلِكَ الْجَرَّةُ وَحُبُّ الْمَاءِ وَالْقِرْبَةُ وَأَشْبَاهُ ذٰلِكَ مِنْ أَوْعِيَةِ الْمَاءِ. قَالَ وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: إِذَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ رَاوِيَةٍ لَمْ يُنَجِّسْهُ شَيْءٌ تَفَسَّخَ فِيهِ أَوْ لَمْ يَتَفَسَّخْ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَجِيءَ لَهُ رِيحٌ يُغْلِبُ عَلَى رِيحِ الْمَاءِ.

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, from Ali ibn Hadid, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Hariz, from Zurarah, narrated from Abu Ja’far (a.s): I said to Imam (a.s): "A container of water into which a dead mouse, rat, or small bird has fallen - what should be done?" Imam (a.s) said: "If it has decomposed in it, do not drink from its water, do not perform wudu (ablution) with it, and pour it out. But if it has not decomposed, then drink from it, perform wudu with it, and remove the dead body while it is still fresh." Imam (a.s) further said: "The same applies to jars, water pots, skins, and similar water containers." Abu Ja’far (a.s) also said: "If the water is more than a container’s capacity, then nothing can render it impure - whether the dead body has decomposed in it or not - unless its smell overcomes the smell of the water."

قال محمد بن الحسن: هذا الخبر يمكن أن يحمل قوله راوية من ماء إذا كان مقدارهما كرا فانه إذا كان كذلك لا ينجسه ما يقع فيه، ويكون قوله إذا تفسخ فيها فلا تشرب ولا تتوضأ محمولا على انه إذا تغير احد اوصاف الماء وكذلك القول في الجرة وحب الماء والقربة، وليس لاحد أن يقول إن الجرة والحب والقربة لا يسع شئ من ذلك كرا من الماء لانه ليس في الخبر ان الجرة واحدة ذلك حكمها بل ذكرها بالالف واللام وذلك يدل على العموم عند كثير من أهل اللغة وإذا احتمل ذلك لم يناف ما قدمناه من الاخبار.

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan commented: “This narration may be understood as referring to a container with a capacity equal to a kurr (a specific volume of water). If it holds this amount, it is not rendered impure by what falls into it. The statement about avoiding drinking and performing wudu if decomposition occurs is interpreted as applying only if one of the water’s properties (color, taste, or smell) has changed. The same applies to jars, water pots, and skins. It should not be argued that these containers cannot hold a kurr of water, as the narration uses definite articles ("the jar," "the pot"), which many linguists interpret as general references, and this interpretation does not contradict previous narrations.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ الْعُمَرْكِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ رَعَفَ فَامْتَخَطَ فَصَارَ ذٰلِكَ الدَّمُ قِطَعًا صِغَارًا فَأَصَابَ إِنَاءَهُ، هَلْ يَصْلُحُ الْوُضُوءُ مِنْهُ؟ قَالَ: إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَيْءٌ يَسْتَبِينُ فِي الْمَاءِ فَلَا بَأْسَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ شَيْئًا بَيِّنًا فَلَا يَتَوَضَّأْ مِنْهُ.

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Muhammad ibn Ahmad Al-Alawi, from Al-Umarki, from Ali ibn Ja’far, from his brother Imam Musa ibn Ja’far (a.s), who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who had a nosebleed, then blew his nose, causing the blood to form small clots that fell into his water container. Is it permissible to perform wudu (ablution) with that water? Imam (a.s) said: "If nothing noticeable appears in the water, then there is no harm. But if something visible is present, then do not perform wudu with it."

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ كُرْدَوَيْهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ بِئْرٍ يَدْخُلُهَا مَاءُ اَلْمَطَرِ فِيهِ اَلْبَوْلُ وَ اَلْعَذِرَةُ وَ أَبْوَالُ اَلدَّوَابِّ وَ أَرْوَاثُهَا وَ خُرْءُ اَلْكِلاَبِ قَالَ« يُنْزَحُ مِنْهَا ثَلاَثُونَ دَلْواً وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ مُبْخِرَةً».

Al-Husayn ibn Sa’id, from Muhammad ibn Abi Umair, from Kurdawiyah, who said: I asked Abu Al-Hasan (a.s) about a well into which rainwater flows, carrying urine, feces, the urine and droppings of animals, and the excrement of dogs. Imam (a.s) said: "Thirty buckets should be drawn from it, and if it has a bad odor, more should be drawn."

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي زِيَادٍ اَلنَّهْدِيِّ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ جِلْدِ اَلْخِنْزِيرِ يُجْعَلُ دَلْواً يُسْتَقَى بِهِ اَلْمَاءُ قَالَ« لاَ بَأْسَ».

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Ya’qub ibn Yazid, from Ibn Abi Umair, from Abu Ziyad Al-Nahdi: Zurarah asked Imam (a.s) about using skin of a pig to make a bucket for drawing water. Abu Abdullah (a.s) said: "There is no harm."

قال محمد بن الحسن: الوجه في هذا الخبر انه لا بأس بان يستقى به غير انه لا يجوز استعمال ذلك الماء في الوضوء ولا الشرب بل يستعمل في غير ذلك من سقي الدواب والبهائم وما أشبه ذلك.

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan commented: “The meaning of this narration is that there is no harm in drawing water with it. However, it is not permissible to use that water for wudu (ablution) or drinking. Instead, it may be used for other purposes, such as watering animals and livestock, and similar uses.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ وُهَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ حَيَّةٍ دَخَلَتْ حُبّاً فِيهِ مَاءٌ وَ خَرَجَتْ مِنْهُ قَالَ« إِنْ وَجَدَ مَاءً غَيْرَهُ فَلْيُهَرِقْهُ».

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, from Wuhaib, from Abu Basir, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a snake that entered a water jug containing water and then (slithered out) left it. Imam (a.s) said: "If he finds other water, let him pour it (this water) out."

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلْمِيثَمِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْبِئْرِ تَقَعُ فِيهَا اَلْفَأْرَةُ أَوْ غَيْرُهَا مِنَ اَلدَّوَابِّ فَتَمُوتُ فَيُعْجَنُ مِنْ مَائِهَا أَ يُؤْكَلُ ذَلِكَ اَلْخُبْزُ قَالَ« إِذَا أَصَابَهُ اَلنَّارُ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِأَكْلِهِ».

From him, from Musa ibn Umar, from Ahmad ibn Al-Hasan Al-Mithami, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Al-Zubayr, from his grandfather, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a well into which a mouse or another animal falls and dies, and water from it is used to knead dough - can that bread be eaten? Imam (a.s) said: "If it has been exposed to fire (baked or cooked), then there is no harm in eating it."

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَمَّنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي عَجِينٍ عُجِنَ وَ خُبِزَ ثُمَّ عُلِمَ أَنَّ اَلْمَاءَ كَانَتْ فِيهِ مَيْتَةٌ قَالَ« لاَ بَأْسَ أَكَلَتِ اَلنَّارُ مَا فِيهِ».

From him, from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, from Muhammad ibn Abi Umair, from someone who narrated it from Abu Abdullah (a.s): Imam (a.s) was asked regarding dough that was kneaded and baked, and it was later discovered that the water used contained a dead animal. Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm; the fire has consumed what was in it."

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا وَ مَا أَحْسَبُهُ إِلاَّ حَفْصَ بْنَ اَلْبَخْتَرِيِّ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي اَلْعَجِينِ يُعْجَنُ مِنَ اَلْمَاءِ اَلنَّجِسِ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ بِهِ قَالَ« يُبَاعُ مِمَّنْ يَسْتَحِلُّ أَكْلَ اَلْمَيْتَةِ».

From him, from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, from Ibn Abi Umair, from some of our companions - and I believe it was Hafs ibn Al-Bukhtari - who said: It was said to Abu Abdullah (a.s) regarding dough that was kneaded with impure water -what should be done with it? Imam (a.s) said: "It should be sold to someone who considers eating carrion permissible."

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« يُدْفَنُ وَ لاَ يُبَاعُ».

From him, from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, from Ibn Abi Umair, from some of his companions, narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s): Imam (a.s) said: "It (Carrion) should be buried and not sold."

قال محمد بن الحسن: وبهذا الخبر نأخذ دون الاول.

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan commented: “We follow this narration instead of the previous one.”

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ:« أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَتَى اَلْمَاءَ فَأَتَاهُ أَهْلُ اَلْمَاءِ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ إِنَّ حِيَاضَنَا هَذِهِ تَرِدُهَا اَلسِّبَاعُ وَ اَلْكِلاَبُ وَ اَلْبَهَائِمُ قَالَ« لَهَا مَا أَخَذَتْ بِأَفْوَاهِهَا وَ لَكُمْ سَائِرُ ذَلِكَ»».

From him, from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, from Musa ibn Isa, from Muhammad ibn Sa’id, from Isma’il ibn Muslim, from Imam Ja’far Al Sadiq (a.s), from his father Imam Al Baqir (a.s): Imam (a.s) said: “The Prophet (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) came to a water source, and the people of the area approached Him (saws) and said: "O Messenger of Allah (swt), our water ponds are frequented by wild animals, dogs, and livestock." Imam (a.s) said: "What they take with their mouths is for them, and the rest is for you."

عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ اَلْغَدِيرُ فِيهِ مَاءٌ مُجْتَمِعٌ تَبُولُ فِيهِ اَلدَّوَابُّ وَ تَلَغُ فِيهِ اَلْكِلاَبُ وَ يَغْتَسِلُ فِيهِ اَلْجُنُبُ قَالَ« إِذَا كَانَ قَدْرَ كُرٍّ لَمْ يُنَجِّسْهُ شَيْءٌ وَ اَلْكُرُّ سِتُّمِائَةِ رِطْلٍ».

From him, from Al-Abbas, from Abdullah ibn Al-Mughira, from Abu Ayyub, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s): I said to Imam (a.s): "A pond that has collected water - animals urinate in it, dogs drink from it, and a person in a state of janabah (major ritual impurity) bathes in it - what is its ruling?" Imam (a.s) said: "If it contains the amount of a kurr, then nothing renders it impure. A kurr is six hundred ritl."

قال محمد بن الحسن: قد بينا الوجه في هذا الخبر فيما تقدم.

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan commented: “We have already explained the interpretation of this narration earlier.”

فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« إِذَا كَانَ اَلْمَاءُ قَدْرَ قُلَّتَيْنِ لَمْ يُنَجِّسْهُ شَيْءٌ وَ اَلْقُلَّتَانِ جَرَّتَانِ».

As for what was narrated by Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Al-Abbas, from Abdullah ibn Al-Mughira, from some of our companions, from Abu Abdullah (a.s): Imam (a.s) said: "If the water is equal to two qullahs (large jars), nothing renders it impure. The two qullahs are two large jars."

فهذا خبر مرسل ويحتمل أن يكون ورد مورد التقية لموافقته لمذهب كثير من العامة يحتمل ايضا أن يكون الوجه فيه ما قدمناه في غير هذا الخبر وهو انه يكون مقدار القلتين مقدار الكر لان ذلك ليس بمنكر لان القلة هي الجرة الكبيرة في اللغة وعلى هذا لا تنافي بين الاخبار.

This is a mursal (disconnected) narration, and it is possible that it was stated as a precautionary measure (taqiyyah) due to its alignment with the views of many non-Shi’a scholars. It is also possible that its meaning is similar to what we previously explained in other narrations - that the amount of two qullahs is equivalent to a kurr. This interpretation is plausible because, in linguistic usage, a qullah refers to a large jar. Based on this understanding, there is no contradiction between the narrations.

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنْ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرٌ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ يَقُولُ: إِذَا مَاتَ الْكَلْبُ فِي الْبِئْرِ نُزِحَتْ. وَقَالَ جَعْفَرٌ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: إِذَا وَقَعَ فِيهَا ثُمَّ أُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا حَيًّا نُزِحَ مِنْهَا سَبْعُ دِلَاءٍ.

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Al-Abbas, from Abdullah, from Abu Maryam, who said: Imam Ja’far Al Sadiq (a.s) narrated that Abu Ja’far (a.s) used to say: "If a dog dies in a well, it must be emptied." And Imam Ja’far Al Sadiq (a.s) said: "If it falls into the well and is then removed alive, seven buckets should be drawn from it."

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْجَبَّارِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ بْنِ اَلْفُضَيْلِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْحِيَاضِ يُبَالُ فِيهَا قَالَ« لاَ بَأْسَ إِذَا غَلَبَ لَوْنُ اَلْمَاءِ لَوْنَ اَلْبَوْلِ».

From him, from Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Jabbar, from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from Al-Ala ibn Al-Fudayl, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about ponds in which urine is discharged. Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm if the color of the water overcomes the color of the urine."

قال محمد بن الحسن: الوجه في هذا الخبر إذا كان الماء فيه أكثر من كر على ما بيناه.

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan commented: “The interpretation of this narration applies to cases where the water is more than a kurr, as we have previously explained.”

سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْبِئْرِ يَقَعُ فِيهَا زِنْبِيلُ عَذِرَةٍ يَابِسَةٍ أَوْ رَطْبَةٍ فَقَالَ« لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا كَانَ فِيهَا مَاءٌ كَثِيرٌ

Sa’d ibn Abdullah, from Ahmad ibn Al-Hasan, from Amr ibn Sa’id, from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, from Ammar, who said: Abu Abdullah (a.s) was asked about a well into which a basket of feces, whether dry or moist, falls. Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm if there is a large amount of water in it."

قال محمد بن الحسن: قوله لا بأس به معناه إذا نزح منها خمسون دلوا على ما قدمنا القول فيه.

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan commented: “Imam (a.s) statement: "There is no harm," means that fifty buckets should be drawn from it, as we have previously explained.

سَعْدٌ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْقَاسِمِ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ اَلْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ اَلْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي حَائِطٍ لَهُ فَحَضَرَتِ اَلصَّلاَةُ فَنَزَحَ دَلْواً لِلْوُضُوءِ مِنْ رَكِيٍّ لَهُ فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ قِطْعَةٌ مِنْ عَذِرَةٍ يَابِسَةٍ فَأَكْفَأَ بِرَأْسِهِ وَ تَوَضَّأَ بِالْبَاقِي.

Sa’d, from Musa ibn Al-Hasan, from Abu Al-Qasim Abdul-Rahman ibn Hammad Al-Kufi, from Bashir, from Abu Maryam Al-Ansari, who said: I was with Abu Abdullah (a.s) in one of his gardens, and the time for prayer arrived. Imam (a.s) drew a bucket of water for wudu (ablution) from his well, and a piece of dry feces came out with it. Imam (a.s) tilted the bucket and poured it out, then performed wudu with the remaining water.

قال محمد بن الحسن: قد بينا الوجه في هذا الخبر فيما مضى.

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan commented: “We have already explained the interpretation of this narration earlier.”

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنْ زَكَّارِ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَكُونُ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ فَآتِي اَلْمَاءَ اَلنَّقِيعَ وَ يَدِي قَذِرَةٌ فَأَغْمِسُهَا فِي اَلْمَاءِ قَالَ« لاَ بَأْسَ».

Al-Husayn ibn Sa’id, from Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Aban, from Zakkar ibn Farqad, from Uthman ibn Ziyad, who said: I said to Abu Ja’far (a.s): "I am in a state of travel, and I come across stagnant water while my hand is dirty. Can I dip it into the water?" Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm."

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ اَلْبَجَلِيِّ وَأَبِي قَتَادَةَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ اَلْأَوَّلِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُصِيبُ اَلْمَاءَ فِي سَاقِيَةٍ أَوْ مُسْتَنْقَعٍ أَ يَغْتَسِلُ فِيهِ لِلْجَنَابَةِ أَوْ يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهُ لِلصَّلاَةِ إِذَا كَانَ لاَ يَجِدُ غَيْرَهُ وَ اَلْمَاءُ لاَ يَبْلُغُ صَاعاً لِلْجَنَابَةِ وَ لاَ مُدّاً لِلْوُضُوءِ وَ هُوَ مُتَفَرِّقٌ فَكَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ بِهِ وَ هُوَ يَتَخَوَّفُ أَنْ يَكُونَ اَلسِّبَاعُ قَدْ شَرِبَتْ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ« إِذَا كَانَتْ يَدُهُ نَظِيفَةً فَلْيَأْخُذْ كَفّاً مِنَ اَلْمَاءِ بِيَدٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَلْيَنْضَحْهُ خَلْفَهُ وَ كَفّاً عَنْ أَمَامِهِ وَ كَفّاً عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَ كَفّاً عَنْ شِمَالِهِ فَإِنْ خَشِيَ أَنْ لاَ يَكْفِيَهُ غَسَلَ رَأْسَهُ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ ثُمَّ مَسَحَ جِلْدَهُ بِيَدِهِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْزِيهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ اَلْوُضُوءُ غَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ وَ مَسَحَ يَدَهُ عَلَى ذِرَاعَيْهِ وَ رَأْسِهِ وَ رِجْلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ اَلْمَاءُ مُتَفَرِّقاً فَقَدَرَ أَنْ يَجْمَعَهُ وَ إِلاَّ اِغْتَسَلَ مِنْ هَذَا وَ هَذَا فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي مَكَانٍ وَاحِدٍ وَ هُوَ قَلِيلٌ لاَ يَكْفِيهِ لِغُسْلِهِ فَلاَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ وَ يُرْجِعَ اَلْمَاءَ فِيهِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ يُجْزِيهِ».

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Musa ibn Al-Qasim Al-Bajali and Abu Qatadah, from Ali ibn Ja’far, narrated from Abu Al-Hasan Al-Awwal (a.s): I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who finds water in a stream or a stagnant pool - can he use it to perform ghusl (ritual purification) for janabah (major impurity) or wudu (ablution) for prayer if he cannot find other water? The water does not reach a sa’ (sufficient quantity for ghusl) or a mudd (sufficient quantity for wudu) and is scattered. What should he do, especially if he fears that wild animals may have drunk from it? Imam (a.s) said: "If his hand is clean, let him take a handful of water with one hand and sprinkle it behind him, then take another handful and sprinkle it in front of him, and another to his right, and another to his left. If he fears the water will not suffice, he should wash his head three times, then wipe his body with his hand. That will suffice him. If it is for wudu, he should wash his face and wipe his arms, head, and feet. If the water is scattered and he is able to gather it, he should do so. Otherwise, he should use water from each part until he completes his purification. If the water is in one place but insufficient for a complete ghusl, he may use it, pouring it back into the container or source and continuing until he finishes. That will be sufficient for him."

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنَّا نُسَافِرُ فَرُبَّمَا بُلِينَا بِالْغَدِيرِ مِنَ اَلْمَطَرِ يَكُونُ إِلَى جَانِبِ اَلْقَرْيَةِ فَيَكُونُ فِيهِ اَلْعَذِرَةُ وَ يَبُولُ فِيهِ اَلصَّبِيُّ وَ تَبُولُ فِيهِ اَلدَّابَّةُ وَ تَرُوثُ فَقَالَ« إِنْ عَرَضَ فِي قَلْبِكَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ فَقُلْ هَكَذَا» يَعْنِي اِفْرِجِ اَلْمَاءَ بِيَدِكَ« ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأْ فَإِنَّ اَلدِّينَ لَيْسَ بِمُضَيَّقٍ فَإِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ« مٰا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي اَلدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ».

Al-Husayn ibn Sa’id, from Fadala ibn Ayyub, from Al-Husayn ibn Uthman, from Sama’ah ibn Mihran, from Abu Basir, who said: I said to Abu Abdullah (a.s): "We often travel, and sometimes we encounter a rainwater pond near a village. It may contain feces, and children or animals might urinate in it, and animals might defecate in it." Imam (a.s) said: "If something concerns you about it, do this" - and Imam (a.s) demonstrated by parting the water with his hand - "then perform wudu (ablution). For religion is not meant to cause hardship, as Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, says: 'He has not placed upon you in the religion any difficulty' (Surah Al-Hajj, 22:78)."

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ اَلْجَمَّالِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْحِيَاضِ اَلَّتِي مَا بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ إِلَى اَلْمَدِينَةِ تَرِدُهَا اَلسِّبَاعُ وَ تَلَغُ فِيهَا اَلْكِلاَبُ وَ تَشْرَبُ مِنْهَا اَلْحَمِيرُ وَ يَغْتَسِلُ مِنْهَا اَلْجُنُبُ وَ يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ« وَكَمْ قَدْرُ اَلْمَاءِ» قُلْتُ إِلَى نِصْفِ اَلسَّاقِ وَإِلَى اَلرُّكْبَةِ فَقَالَ« تَوَضَّأْ مِنْهُ».

Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, from Safwan ibn Mihran Al-Jammal, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about the ponds between Mecca and Medina, which are frequented by wild animals, dogs that drink from them, donkeys that drink from them, and where those in a state of janabah (major impurity) bathe and others perform wudu (ablution). Imam (a.s) said: "What is the amount of water?" I said: "It reaches up to the middle of the shin or the knee." Imam (a.s) said: "Perform wudu from it."

قال محمد بن الحسن: الوجه في هذين الخبرين وما يجري مجراهما ان نحملهما على انه إذا كان الماء أكثر من كر فانه إذا كان كذلك لا ينجس بما يقع فيه ومتى كان أقل من الكر فانه ينجس على ما قلناه.

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan commented: “The interpretation of these narrations and similar reports is that they apply to cases where the water is more than a kurr. If the water is more than a kurr, it does not become impure by what falls into it. However, if it is less than a kurr, it becomes impure, as we have explained.”

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي صَاحِبٌ لِي ثِقَةٌ: أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَنْتَهِي إِلَى اَلْمَاءِ اَلْقَلِيلِ فِي اَلطَّرِيقِ فَيُرِيدُ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ إِنَاءٌ وَ اَلْمَاءُ فِي وَهْدَةٍ فَإِنْ هُوَ اِغْتَسَلَ رَجَعَ غُسْلُهُ فِي اَلْمَاءِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ« يَنْضِحُ بِكَفٍّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَ كَفّاً مِنْ خَلْفِهِ وَ كَفّاً عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَ كَفّاً عَنْ شِمَالِهِ ثُمَّ يَغْتَسِلُ».

Al-Husayn ibn Sa’id, from Ibn Sinan, from Ibn Muskan, who said: A trustworthy companion narrated to me that he asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man who comes across a small amount of water on the road and wants to perform ghusl (ritual bathing), but he has no vessel, and the water is in a low-lying area. If he performs ghusl, the water from his body will flow back into it. What should he do? Imam (a.s) said: "He should sprinkle a handful of water in front of him, a handful behind him, a handful to his right, and a handful to his left, and then he may perform ghusl."

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى مَنْ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْغَدِيرِ يَجْتَمِعُ فِيهِ مَاءُ السَّمَاءِ وَيُسْتَسْقَى فِيهِ مِنْ بِئْرٍ، فَيَسْتَنْجِي فِيهِ الإِنْسَانُ مِنْ بَوْلٍ أَوْ يَغْتَسِلُ فِيهِ الْجُنُبُ، مَا حَدُّهُ الَّذِي لَا يَجُوزُ؟ فَكَتَبَ: لَا تَتَوَضَّأْ مِنْ مِثْلِ هٰذَا إِلَّا مِنْ ضَرُورَةٍ إِلَيْهِ.

From him, from Muhammad ibn Isma'il ibn Bazi’, who said: I wrote to someone to ask (Imam (a.s)) about a pond that collects rainwater and is also supplied with water from a well. People use it for istinja (purification after relieving oneself) from urine, or a person in a state of janabah (major impurity) bathes in it. What is the limit beyond which it is not permissible to use? Imam (a.s) wrote back: "Do not perform wudu (ablution) with such water except in cases of necessity."

عَنْهُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَعِيدٍ اَلْأَعْرَجِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْجَرَّةِ تَسَعُ مِائَةَ رِطْلٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ يَقَعُ فِيهَا أُوقِيَّةٌ مِنْ دَمٍ أَشْرَبُ مِنْهُ وَ أَتَوَضَّأُ قَالَ« لاَ».

From him, from Uthman ibn Isa, from Sa’id Al-A‘raj, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a jar that holds one hundred ritl of water, into which an uqiyyah (a small measure) of blood falls. Can I drink from it and perform wudu (ablution) with it? Imam (a.s) said: "No."

وَ سَأَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ أَخَاهُ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُرُّ فِي مَاءِ اَلْمَطَرِ وَ قَدْ صُبَّ فِيهِ خَمْرٌ فَأَصَابَ ثَوْبَهُ هَلْ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْسِلَهُ فَقَالَ« لاَ يَغْسِلُ ثَوْبَهُ وَ لاَ رِجْلَهُ وَ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ وَ لاَ بَأْسَ».

Ali ibn Ja’far asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Ja’far (a.s) about a man who walks through rainwater into which wine has been poured, and it touches his clothes. Can he pray in them before washing them? Imam (a.s) said: "He does not need to wash his clothes or his feet, and he may pray in them. There is no harm."

وَ سَأَلَ عَمَّارُ بْنُ مُوسَى اَلسَّابَاطِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَجِدُ فِي إِنَائِهِ فَأْرَةً وَ قَدْ تَوَضَّأَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ اَلْإِنَاءِ مِرَاراً وَ غَسَلَ مِنْهُ ثِيَابَهُ وَ اِغْتَسَلَ مِنْهُ وَ قَدْ كَانَتِ اَلْفَأْرَةُ مُنْسَلِخَةً فَقَالَ« إِنْ كَانَ رَآهَا فِي اَلْإِنَاءِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ أَوْ يَتَوَضَّأَ أَوْ يَغْسِلَ ثِيَابَهُ ثُمَّ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ مَا رَآهَا فِي اَلْإِنَاءِ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَغْسِلَ ثِيَابَهُ وَ يَغْسِلَ كُلَّ مَا أَصَابَهُ ذَلِكَ اَلْمَاءُ وَ يُعِيدَ اَلْوُضُوءَ وَ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا رَآهَا بَعْدَ مَا فَرَغَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ فَعَلَهُ فَلاَ يَمَسَّ مِنَ اَلْمَاءِ شَيْئاً وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ لِأَنَّهُ لاَ يَعْلَمُ مَتَى سَقَطَتْ فِيهِ» ثُمَّ قَالَ« لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا سَقَطَتْ فِيهِ تِلْكَ اَلسَّاعَةَ اَلَّتِي رَآهَا».

Ammar ibn Musa Al-Sabati asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man who finds a dead mouse in his container after having used the water multiple times - for wudu (ablution), washing his clothes, and performing ghusl (ritual purification). The mouse was decomposed. Imam (a.s) said: "If he saw it in the container before performing ghusl, wudu, or washing his clothes, and then did those actions after seeing it, he must wash his clothes, clean everything that the water touched, and repeat his wudu and prayer. But if he only saw it after completing those actions, he should not touch the water again, and nothing is required of him, as he does not know when the mouse fell into it." Imam (a.s) then added: "It is possible that the mouse fell in at the moment he saw it."

وَ رَوَى إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَانَ يَقُولُ:« لاَ بَأْسَ بِسُؤْرِ اَلْفَأْرَةِ إِذَا شَرِبَتْ مِنَ اَلْإِنَاءِ أَنْ يُشْرَبَ مِنْهُ وَ يُتَوَضَّأَ مِنْهُ».

Ishaq ibn Ammar narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s) that Abu Ja’far (a.s) used to say: "There is no harm in the leftover water of a mouse if it drinks from a container. It is permissible to drink from it and to perform wudu (ablution) with it."

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ ذُبْيَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أُكَيْلٍ اَلنُّمَيْرِيِّ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ بْنِ سَيَابَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي بِئْرٍ مُحَرَّجٍ يَقَعُ فِيهِ رَجُلٌ فَمَاتَ فِيهِ فَلَمْ يُمْكِنْ إِخْرَاجُهُ مِنَ اَلْبِئْرِ أَ يُتَوَضَّأُ فِي ذَلِكَ اَلْبِئْرِ قَالَ« لاَ يُتَوَضَّأُ فِيهِ يُعَطَّلُ وَ يُجْعَلُ قَبْراً وَ إِنْ أَمْكَنَ إِخْرَاجُهُ أُخْرِجَ وَ غُسِّلَ وَ دُفِنَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ« حُرْمَةُ اَلْمُسْلِمِ مَيِّتاً كَحُرْمَتِهِ حَيّاً سَوِيّاً»».

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from a man, from Dhubyan ibn Hakim, from Musa ibn Ukayl Al-Numayri, from Al-Ala ibn Sayabah, narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s): Imam (a.s) was asked regarding a narrow well into which a man falls and dies, and it is not possible to remove him from the well - can wudu (ablution) be performed with its water? Imam (a.s) said: "Do not perform wudu from it. The well should be abandoned and treated as a grave. However, if it is possible to remove him, he should be taken out, washed, and buried." The Messenger of Allah (swt) (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) said: "The sanctity of a Muslim, whether dead or alive, is the same."

وَ سَأَلَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ عُثَيْمٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: بِئْرُ مَاءٍ فِي مَائِهَا رِيحٌ يُخْرَجُ مِنْهَا قِطَعُ جُلُودٍ فَقَالَ «لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ إِنَّ اَلْوَزَغَ رُبَّمَا طَرَحَ جِلْدَهُ إِنَّمَا يَكْفِيكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ دَلْوٌ وَاحِدٌ».

Ya’qub ibn Uthaym asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a well of water that has an odour, and pieces of skin are found in it. Imam (a.s) said: "It is nothing (to worry about). Sometimes a lizard sheds its skin. All that is required is to draw one bucket of water from it."

اَلْعَمْرَكِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلدَّجَاجَةِ وَ اَلْحَمَامَةِ وَ أَشْبَاهِهِمَا تَطَأُ اَلْعَذِرَةَ ثُمَّ تَدْخُلُ فِي اَلْمَاءِ يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهُ لِلصَّلاَةِ قَالَ« لاَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ اَلْمَاءُ كَثِيراً قَدْرَ كُرٍّ مِنْ مَاءٍ» وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْعَظَايَةِ وَ اَلْحَيَّةِ وَ اَلْوَزَغِ تَقَعُ فِي اَلْمَاءِ فَلاَ يَمُوتُ أَ يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهُ لِلصَّلاَةِ قَالَ« لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ» وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ فَأْرَةٍ وَقَعَتْ فِي حُبِّ دُهْنٍ فَأُخْرِجَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَمُوتَ أَيَبِيعُهُ مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ« نَعَمْ وَ يَدَّهِنُ مِنْهُ».

I asked Imam (a.s) about chickens, pigeons, and similar birds that step on feces and then enter water - can one perform wudu (ablution) with it for prayer? Imam (a.s) said: "No, unless the water is abundant, measuring a kurr." I also asked Imam (a.s) about lizards, snakes, and geckos that fall into water but do not die - can one perform wudu with it for prayer? Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm." I further asked Imam (a.s) about a mouse that falls into a container of oil but is taken out before it dies - can it be sold to a Muslim? Imam (a.s) said: "Yes, and it may also be used for applying oil."

ولا ينافي هذا الخبر

This narration does not contradict other reports.

مَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى اَلْيَقْطِينِيِّ عَنِ اَلنَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ وَقَعَتْ فَأْرَةٌ فِي خَابِيَةٍ فِيهَا سَمْنٌ أَوْ زَيْتٌ فَمَا تَرَى فِي أَكْلِهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ« لاَ تَأْكُلْهُ» قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ اَلْفَأْرَةُ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَتْرُكَ طَعَامِي مِنْ أَجْلِهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ« إِنَّكَ لَمْ تَسْتَخِفَّ بِالْفَأْرَةِ وَ إِنَّمَا اِسْتَخْفَفْتَ بِدِينِكَ إِنَّ اَللَّهَ حَرَّمَ اَلْمَيْتَةَ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ».

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn Isa Al-Yaqtini, from Al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, from Amr ibn Shimr, from Jabir, narrated from Abu Ja’far (a.s): A man came to Imam (a.s) and said: "A mouse fell into a jar containing ghee or oil. What do you say about eating it (the mouse)?" Abu Ja’far (a.s) said: "Do not eat it." The man replied: "The mouse is insignificant to me, and I do not want to abandon my food because of it." Abu Ja’far (a.s) said: "You have not belittled the mouse, but you have belittled your religion. Verily, Allah (swt) has forbidden carrion in all forms."

لان الوجه في هذه الرواية ان الفارة إذا ماتت فيه فلا يجوز الانتفاع به على حال

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan commented: “The interpretation of this narration is that if the mouse dies in the ghee or oil, it is not permissible to use it under any circumstances.”