Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ لا تَسْتَحِلَّنَّ شَيْئاً مِنَ الصَّيْدِ وَأَنْتَ حَرَامٌ وَلا وَأَنْتَ حَلالٌ فِي الْحَرَمِ وَلا تَدُلَّنَّ عَلَيْهِ مُحِلاًّ وَلا مُحْرِماً فَيَصْطَادُوهُ وَلا تُشِرْ إِلَيْهِ فَيُسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ أَجْلِكَ فَإِنَّ فِيهِ فِدَاءً لِمَنْ تَعَمَّدَهُ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr and Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Hunting in al-Haram (the sacred area) is not lawful, whether you are in the state of Ihram or not. You cannot show a prey to one who is not in the state of Ihram or is in the state of Ihram so they can hunt it. You cannot point out it so that it is hunted because of you. There is a ransom for it on one who violates the rule knowingly.”’ 

2ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ الْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ الْمُحْرِمُ لا يَدُلُّ عَلَى الصَّيْدِ فَإِنْ دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ فَقُتِلَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْفِدَاءُ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan all from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtariy from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A person in the state of Ihram must not show a prey to the hunter; if one does, there is ransom for it upon him.’” 

3ـ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَصَفْوَانُ بْنُ يَحْيَى جَمِيعاً عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ لا تَأْكُلْ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ وَأَنْتَ حَرَامٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُ مُحِلٌّ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ فِدَاءٌ مَا أَتَيْتَهُ بِجَهَالَةٍ إِلاَّ الصَّيْدَ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْكَ فِيهِ الْفِدَاءَ بِجَهْلٍ كَانَ أَوْ بِعَمْدٍ.

3. Ibn abu ‘Umayr and from Safwan ibn Yahya all has narrated from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘You must not eat of the flesh of a prey while you are in the state of Ihram, even if the hunter is not in the state of Ihram. There is no ransom on you because of what you do out of ignorance except hunting, in which case there is ransom, regardless of being done out of ignorance or with knowledge.’” 

4ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمُحْرِمِ يَصِيدُ الصَّيْدَ بِجَهَالَةٍ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ أَصَابَهُ خَطَأً قَالَ وَأَيُّ شَيْ‏ءٍ الْخَطَأُ عِنْدَكَ قُلْتُ يَرْمِي هَذِهِ النَّخْلَةَ فَيُصِيبُ نَخْلَةً أُخْرَى قَالَ نَعَمْ هَذَا الْخَطَأُ وَعَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ أَخَذَ طَائِراً مُتَعَمِّداً فَذَبَحَهُ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ قُلْتُ أَ لَسْتَ قُلْتَ إِنَّ الْخَطَأَ وَالْجَهَالَةَ وَالْعَمْدَ لَيْسُوا بِسَوَاءٍ فَلأَيِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ يَفْضُلُ الْمُتَعَمِّدُ الْجَاهِلَ وَالْخَاطِىَ قَالَ إِنَّهُ أَثِمَ وَلَعِبَ بِدِينِهِ.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man who hunts because of his ignorance of the rules. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is ransom for it upon him.’ I then said, ‘It happened because of mistake.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is a mistake in your view?’ I replied, ‘It is when one shoots at one palm tree but it hits another one.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is a mistake but there is ransom on him.’ I said, ‘But he has taken a bird knowingly and has slaughtered it while he is in the state of Ihram.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘There is Kaffarah (expiation) upon him.’ I then asked, ‘Have you not said that a mistake, ignorance and doing something knowingly are not the same? In what way then, is knowledgeable different from ignorant and mistaking? He (the Imam) said, ‘He has sinned and played with his religion.’” 

5ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ مِسْمَعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ إِذَا رَمَى الْمُحْرِمُ صَيْداً فَأَصَابَ اثْنَيْنِ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَتَيْنِ جَزَاؤُهُمَا.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Misma’ ibn ‘Abd al-Malik who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a hunter in the state of Ihram shoots a prey and kills two of them, he owes Kaffarah (expiation) for two as penalty.’” 

6ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) إِذَا أَصَابَ الْمُحْرِمُ الصَّيْدَ فِي الْحَرَمِ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فَإِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَدْفِنَهُ وَلا يَأْكُلْهُ أَحَدٌ وَإِذَا أَصَابَهُ فِي الْحِلِّ فَإِنَّ الْحَلالَ يَأْكُلُهُ وَعَلَيْهِ هُوَ الْفِدَاءُ.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa and Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one who is in the state of Ihram kills a prey in al- Haram (the sacred area) it is proper for him to bury it so no one eats it. If he kills it in non-al-Haram (the sacred area), then those who are not in the state of Ihram can eat it and he owes a kaffarah (expiation).”’ 

7ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) رَجُلٌ أَصَابَ مِنْ صَيْدٍ أَصَابَهُ مُحْرِمٌ وَهُوَ حَلالٌ قَالَ فَلْيَأْكُلْ مِنْهُ الْحَلالُ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‏ءٌ إِنَّمَا الْفِدَاءُ عَلَى الْمُحْرِمِ.

7. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who in the state of Ihram kills a prey and one who is not in the state of Ihram eats it. He (the Imam) said, ‘One who is not in the state of Ihram can eat it and there is not anything on him but ransom is upon one who is in the state of Ihram/” 

8ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الله عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنْ لُحُومِ الْوَحْشِ تُهْدَى إِلَى الرَّجُلِ وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ صَيْدَهَا وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْ بِهِ أَ يَأْكُلُهُ قَالَ لا قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ أَ يَأْكُلُ قَدِيدَ الْوَحْشِ مُحْرِمٌ قَالَ لا.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz ibn ‘Abd Allah from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the meat of wild animals given as gift, he does not know if it is hunted and he has not commanded it; if he can eat. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot eat it.’ I then asked about qadid (meat dried up in the sun) of wild animals for one in the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot eat it.’” 

9ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ جَمِيلٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) الصَّيْدُ يَكُونُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ مِنَ الْوَحْشِ فِي أَهْلِهِ أَوْ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ يُحْرِمُ وَهُوَ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ لا يَضُرُّهُ.

9. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Jamil who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the prey that one has of the wild in his family or of birds; if it is unlawful for him when he is at his home. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful for him.’” 

10ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) مَا وَطِئْتَهُ أَوْ وَطِئَهُ بَعِيرُكَ وَأَنْتَ مُحْرِمٌ فَعَلَيْكَ فِدَاؤُهُ وَقَالَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ فِدَاءُ شَيْ‏ءٍ أَتَيْتَهُ وَأَنْتَ جَاهِلٌ بِهِ وَأَنْتَ مُحْرِمٌ فِي حَجِّكَ وَلا فِي عُمْرَتِكَ إِلاَّ الصَّيْدَ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْكَ فِيهِ الْفِدَاءَ بِجَهَالَةٍ كَانَ أَوْ بِعَمْدٍ.

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Whatever you or your camel step on while you are in the state of Ihram, you must pay ransom for it.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Take notice that there is no ransom for what you do out of ignorance in the state of Ihram in your al-Hajj or al-‘Umrah except hunting, for which there is ransom, regardless of ignorance and with knowledge.’” 

11ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ (عَلَيْهِم السَّلاَم) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ الله عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمُحْرِمِ يُصِيبُ الصَّيْدَ فَيُدْمِيهِ ثُمَّ يُرْسِلُهُ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ جَزَاؤُهُ.

11. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has narrated from his ancestors, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, that ’Amir al- Mu’minin ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, about one who in the state of Ihram, hunts a prey and makes it bleed, then releases it, he owes the penalty.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 106