Kamāl al-Dīn wa Tamām al-Niʿma

اعتراض آخر قالت الزيدية بأي شي‌ء تدفعون إمامة إسماعيل و ما حجتكم على الإسماعيلية القائلين بإمامته قلنا لهم ندفع إمامته بما ذكرنا من الأخبار و بالأخبار الواردة بالنص على الأئمة الاثني عشر عليه السلام و بموته في حياة أبيه. أما الأخبار الواردة بالنص على الأئمة الاثني عشر فقد ذكرناها في هذا الكتاب.

The Zaidiyyah say: Through which argument do you reject the Imamate of Ismail and what evidence and proof you have against the Ismailia sect which follows this belief? We shall reply: We reject the claim of his Imamate, that we have mentioned and through the traditions that have come as indicative text (Nass) for the Twelve Holy Imams (as); and through the traditions that prove Ismail’s death during the lifetime of his father.  We have mentioned the narrated reports that have been recorded as indicative texts for the Twelve Holy Imams (as) in this book.

و أما الأخبار الواردة بموته في حياة الصادق ع‌ مَا حَدَّثَنَا بِهِ أَبِي رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ وَ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَعْرَجِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ لَمَّا مَاتَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ أَمَرْتُ بِهِ وَ هُوَ مُسَجًّى أَنْ يُكْشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ فَقَبَّلْتُ جَبْهَتَهُ وَ ذَقَنَهُ وَ نَحْرَهُ ثُمَّ أَمَرْتُ بِهِ فَغُطِّيَ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ اكْشِفُوا عَنْهُ فَقَبَّلْتُ أَيْضاً جَبْهَتَهُ وَ ذَقَنَهُ وَ نَحْرَهُ ثُمَّ أَمَرْتُهُمْ فَغَطَّوْهُ ثُمَّ أَمَرْتُ بِهِ فَغُسِّلَ ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَ قَدْ كُفِّنَ فَقُلْتُ اكْشِفُوا عَنْ وَجْهِهِ فَقَبَّلْتُ جَبْهَتَهُ وَ ذَقَنَهُ وَ نَحْرَهُ وَ عَوَّذْتُهُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ دَرِّجُوهُ فَقُلْتُ بِأَيِّ شَيْ‌ءٍ عَوَّذْتَهُ قَالَ بِالْقُرْآنِ . قال مصنف هذا الكتاب في هذا الحديث فوائد أحدها الرخصة بتقبيل جبهة الميت و ذقنه و نحره قبل الغسل و بعده إلا أنه من مس ميتا قبل الغسل بحرارته فلا غسل عليه فإن مسّه بعد ما يبرد فعليه الغسل و إن مسه بعد الغسل فلا غسل عليه فلو ورد في الخبر أن الصادق عليه السلام اغتسل بعد ذلك أو لم يغتسل لعلمنا بذلك أنه مسه قبل الغسل بحرارته أو بعد ما برد. للخبر فائدة أخرى و هي أنه قال أمرت به فغسل و لم يقل غسلته و في هذا الحديث أيضا ما يبطل إمامة إسماعيل لأن الإمام لا يغسله إلا إمام إذا حضره‌.

Among the reports that prove his death during the lifetime of his father is one that was related to me by my father, who says: Narrated to us Saad bin Abdullah from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Isa from Hasan bin Saeed from Fuzala bin Ayyub and Hasan bin Ali Fuzzal from Yunus bin Yaqoob from Saeed bin Abdullah Al-Araaj who said: Abu Abdillah Imam Ja’far Sadiq (as) said: When Ismail died I ordered that the cloth should be removed from his face. Then I kissed his forehead, chin and upper breast. After that I ordered him to be covered with cloth again. Then I said: Uncover his face. And again I kissed his forehead, chin and upper breast. Then I again ordered him to be covered. Then I ordered and he was given the funeral bath. I came to his corpse when he had been shrouded and said: Uncover his face. And again I kissed his forehead, chin and upper part of breast. [Al-Saduq says:]: Many points can be derived from this narration. One is that it is lawful to kiss the forehead, chin and upper part of breast of the corpse before and after it is given the funeral bath. Except for the fact that one that has touched a corpse before it is given funeral bath while the body is still is warm is not obliged to perform the ritual bath for touching a dead body, but if he has touched the dead after it has gone cold, the ritual bath for touching a dead body is obligatory on him. And if one has touched a dead body after it has been give the funeral bath no ritual bath is obligatory. Thus if this narration has mentioned that Imam Ja’far Sadiq (as) performed the ritual bath after that or not we would have learnt whether he touched it before it was given the ritual bath, while it was still warm or he touched it after it had gone cold. Another point derived from this narration is that the Imam (as) said: ‘I ordered that the funeral bath be given to him’ and he did not say: ‘I gave him the funeral bath myself’. And this tradition also mentions that which disproves the Imamate of Ismail. None other than Imam can give a funeral bath to an Imam, in his presence.

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ نُوحٍ وَ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي كَهْمَسٍ قَالَ: حَضَرْتُ مَوْتَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام جَالِسٌ عِنْدَهُ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ شَدَّ لَحْيَيْهِ وَ غَطَّاهُ بِالْمِلْحَفَةِ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِتَهْيِئَتِهِ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ دَعَا بِكَفَنِهِ وَ كَتَبَ فِي حَاشِيَةِ الْكَفَنِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ.

Narrated to us Muhammad bin Hasan bin Ahmad bin Walid, who said: narrated to us Muhammad bin Hasan Saffar narrating from Ayyub bin Nuh and Yaqoob bin Yazid from ibn Abi Umair from Muhammad bin Shuaib from Abi Kahmas that he said: I was present at the time of Ismail’s death, while Abu Abdillah Imam Ja’far Sadiq (as) was sitting near him. When he died, Imam (as) tied up his jaws and covered his face with a piece of cloth. Then he ordered that he should be given the funeral bath and shrouded. After this was accomplished he called for his shroud cloth and wrote on its periphery: Ismail testifies that there is no god except Allah.

حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ أَخِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ مُرَّةَ مَوْلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا مَاتَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ فَانْتَهَى أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام إِلَى الْقَبْرِ أَرْسَلَ نَفْسَهُ فَقَعَدَ عَلَى جَانِبِ الْقَبْرِ لَمْ يَنْزِلْ فِي الْقَبْرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ هَكَذَا صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَلَدِهِ.

Narrated to us my father who said: Narrated to us Abdullah bin Ja’far Himyari quoting from Ibrahim bin Mahziyar from his brother, Ali bin Mahziyar from Muhammad bin Abi Hamza from Marrah the slave of Muhammad bin Khalid that he said: “When Ismail passed away, Abu Abdillah (Imam Ja’far Sadiq) came up to the grave and squatted on side of it and did not descend into the grave. Then he said: It was the same that the Messenger of Allah (sw) had done when his son, Ibrahim had died.”

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا مَاتَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ خَرَجَ إِلَيْنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام فَتَقَدَّمَ السَّرِيرَ بِلَا حِذَاءٍ وَ لَا رِدَاءٍ.

Narrated to us Muhammad bin Hasan who says: narrated to us Husain bin Hasan bin Aban quoting from Husain bin Saeed from Qasim bin Muhammad from Husain bin Umar from a man of Bani Hashim that he said: “When Ismail passed away, Abu Abdillah Imam Sadiq (as) came with us and began to walk barefooted and with a cloak ahead of the bier.”

حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ أَخِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ وَ الْأَرْقَطِ ابْنِ عَمِّ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام عِنْدَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ حِينَ قُبِضَ فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْأَرْقَطُ جَزَعَهُ قَالَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَدْ مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ فَارْتَدَعَ ثُمَّ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ أَنَا لَكَ الْيَوْمَ أَشْكُرُ.

Narrated to us my father who said: Narrated to us Saad bin Abdullah from Ibrahim bin Mahziyar from his brother Ali bin Mahziyar from Hammad bin Isa from Jurair from Ismail bin Jabir and Arqat, the cousin of Abu Abdillah (Imam Ja’far Sadiq) that: Abu Abdillah Imam Ja’far Sadiq (as) was with Ismail at the time of his death. When Arqat saw his restlessness he said: O Aba Abdillah, indeed, the Messenger of Allah (sw) has passed away from the world. He (the narrator) says: The Imam stopped being restless and then said: “You said the right thing and I thank you this day.”

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ الثَّقَفِيِ‌ عَنْ أَبِي كَهْمَسٍ قَالَ: حَضَرْتُ مَوْتَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام فَرَأَيْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام وَ قَدْ سَجَدَ سَجْدَةً فَأَطَالَ السُّجُودَ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ قَلِيلًا وَ نَظَرَ إِلَى وَجْهِهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَةً أُخْرَى أَطْوَلَ مِنَ الْأُولَى ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَ قَدْ حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَغَمَّضَهُ وَ رَبَطَ لَحْيَيْهِ وَ غَطَّى عَلَيْهِ مِلْحَفَةً ثُمَّ قَامَ وَ قَدْ رَأَيْتُ وَجْهَهُ وَ قَدْ دَخَلَهُ مِنْهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَامَ فَدَخَلَ مَنْزِلَهُ فَمَكَثَ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا مُدَّهِناً مُكْتَحِلًا عَلَيْهِ ثِيَابٌ غَيْرُ الثِّيَابِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ وَ وَجْهُهُ غَيْرُ الَّذِي دَخَلَ بِهِ فَأَمَرَ وَ نَهَى فِي أَمْرِهِ‌ حَتَّى إِذَا فَرَغَ مِنْهُ دَعَا بِكَفَنِهِ فَكَتَبَ فِي حَاشِيَةِ الْكَفَنِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ.

Narrated to us Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Yahya Attar: Narrated to us Saad bin Abdullah quoting from Ibrahim bin Hashim and Muhammad bin Husain bin Abi Khattab from Anr bin Uthman Thaqafi from Abi Kahmas that he said: “I was present at the time of the death of Ismail bin Abu Abdillah (Imam Ja’far Sadiq a.s.). At that time I saw that Abu Abdillah (Imam Ja’far Sadiq a.s.) prostrated and remained in that position for a long time. After that he raised his head and continued to stare at his face for some time. The narrator says that after that again he prostrated and remained in that position for a longer time. Then he raised his head, and at time Ismail had died. The Imam closed the eyelids, tied up fast both the jaws and covered the face with a piece of cloth. After that he stood up and I saw such an expression on his face that only Allah knew what it was. The narrator says: Then the Imam arose and went to his quarters, remained there for sometime and then returned to us with the hair oiled and having applied antimony (Surma) to his eyes. He had also changed his clothes and did not have the expression he had at the time of entering his quarters. Then he began to issue instructions about the funeral procedures. Finally he called for the shroud cloth and when it was brought to him, he wrote on its edge: Ismail testifies that there is no god except Allah.

حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ظَرِيفِ بْنِ نَاصِحٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: مَاتَتِ ابْنَةٌ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام فَنَاحَ عَلَيْهَا سَنَةً ثُمَّ مَاتَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ آخَرُ فَنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ سَنَةً ثُمَّ مَاتَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ فَجَزِعَ عَلَيْهِ جَزَعاً شَدِيداً فَقَطَعَ النَّوْحَ قَالَ فَقِيلَ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ أَ يُنَاحُ فِي دَارِكَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ لَمَّا مَاتَ حَمْزَةُ ليبكين [لَكِنَ‌] حَمْزَةَ لَا بَوَاكِيَ لَهُ‌.

Narrated to us my father from Saad bin Abdullah quoting from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Isa from Muhammad bin Ismail bin Bazi from Abul Hasan Tharreef bin Naseh from Hasan ibn Zaid that he said: When a daughter of Abu Abdillah (as) died, he mourned for her a whole year. After that another son died and he mourned him also for a whole year. Then Ismail died; and the Imam was extremely aggrieved for sometime but stopped mourning after that. The narrator says: Abu Abdillah (as) was asked: “May Allah bless you, does your family mourn and lament in this way?” He replied: “When Hamza passed away the Messenger of Allah (sw) said: Hamza must be mourned because there is no one to weep on him.”

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَتِّيلٍ الدَّقَّاقُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْكُوفِيِّ قَالَ: لَمَّا حَضَرَتْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْوَفَاةُ جَزِعَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام جَزَعاً شَدِيداً قَالَ فَلَمَّا غَمَّضَهُ دَعَا بِقَمِيصٍ غَسِيلٍ أَوْ جَدِيدٍ فَلَبِسَهُ ثُمَّ تَسَرَّحَ وَ خَرَجَ يَأْمُرُ وَ يَنْهَى قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ لَقَدْ ظَنَنَّا أَنْ لَا يُنْتَفَعَ بِكَ زَمَاناً لِمَا رَأَيْنَا مِنْ جَزَعِكَ قَالَ إِنَّا أَهْلُ بَيْتٍ نَجْزَعُ مَا لَمْ تَنْزِلِ الْمُصِيبَةُ فَإِذَا نَزَلَتْ صَبَرْنَا.

Narrated to us Muhammad bin Hasan from Hasan bin Matteel Waqqaq (flour seller) who said: Narrated to us Yaqoob bin Yazid from Hasan bin Ali bin Fuzzal from Muhammad bin Abdullah Kufi that he said: “When Ismail bin Abu Abdillah (Imam Ja’far Sadiq as) died, Abu Abdillah was extremely disturbed and aggrieved.” The narrator says: “After having closed his eyelids he called for a shirt that was washed clean or absolutely new. He wore it and emerged from his room to issue directions regarding the funeral procedure.” The narrator says: “Some of the Imam’s companions asked him: ‘May we get sacrificed to you, when we saw your restlessness and grief we thought that we would not be able to speak to you for a long time as you would be in mourning.’ He replied: ‘We Ahlul Bayt (as) are such that we express sorrow and restlessness till the time the tragedy befalls, when it does, we observe patience.’”

حدثنا علي بن أحمد بن محمد الدقاق - رحمه الله - قال: حدثنا محمد بن أبي عبد الله الكوفي قال: حدثنا محمد بن إسماعيل البرمكي قال: حدثنا الحسين بن الهيثم قال: حدثنا عباد بن يعقوب الأسدي قال: حدثنا عنبسة بن بجاد العابد قال: لما مات إسماعيل بن جعفر بن محمد وفرغنا من جنازته جلس الصادق جعفر بن محمد عليهما السلام وجلسنا حوله وهو مطرق، ثم رفع رأسه فقال: أيها الناس إن هذه الدنيا دار فراق ودار التواء لا دار استواء على أن فراق المألوف حرقة لا تدفع ولوعة لا ترد وإنما يتفاضل الناس بحسن العزاء وصحة الفكر فمن لم يثكل أخاه ثكله أخوه، ومن لم يقدم ولدا كان هو المقدم دون الولد، ثم تمثل عليه السلام بقول أبي خراش الهذلي يرثي أخاه. ولا تحسبي أني تناسيت عهده * ولكن صبري يا إمام جميل

Ali b. Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Daqqaq – may Allah have mercy on him – narrated to us, he said: Muhammad b. Abi Abd Allah al-Kufi narrated to us, who said: Muhammad b. Isma'il al-Barmaki narrated to us, who said: al-Husayn b. al-Haytham narrated to us, who said: Abbad b. Ya'qub al-Asadi narrated to us, from Anbasah b. Bijad al-Abid who said: When Isma'il b. Ja'far b. Muhammad died and we had completed his funeral rites, Ja'far b. Muhammad sat down and we sat around him while he was looking down. Then he raised his head and said: “O people, this world is a place of separation and instability, not a place of permanence. Parting from one who is beloved is a burning grief that cannot be repelled, and a sorrow that cannot be turned away. People differ only in the excellence of their patience and the soundness of their thought. Whoever does not mourn his brother, his brother will mourn him; and whoever does not lose a child, he himself will be lost before his child.” Then he recited the verse of Abu Khirash al-Hudhali in eulogy of his brother: “Do not think I have forgotten his memory, but my patience, O Imam [1], is beautiful.” Footnote= In some versions, it reads: "yā umaym jamīl" يا أميم جميل and al-umaym refers to one who has been struck on the crown of his head.