Fourth Objection: the People Fell Into Confusion Regarding the Imamate After Al-Sadiq

Kamāl al-Dīn wa Tamām al-Niʿma|Volume 1|Book 1|Chapter 18

Kamāl al-Dīn wa Tamām al-Niʿma

Book 1, Chapter 18

Fourth Objection: the People Fell Into Confusion Regarding the Imamate After Al-Sadiq
5 Ahadith · 1 Commentary
Commentary 1

اعتراض آخر قالت الزيدية لو كان خبر الأئمة الاثني عشر صحيحا لما كان الناس يشكون بعد الصادق جعفر بن محمد عليه السلام في الإمامة حتى يقول طائفة من الشيعة بعبد الله و طائفة بإسماعيل و طائفة تتحير حتى أَنَّ الشِّيعَةَ مِنْهُمْ مَنِ امْتَحَنَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الصَّادِقِ فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَجِدْ عِنْدَهُ مَا أَرَادَ خَرَجَ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ إِلَى أَيْنَ إِلَى الْمُرْجِئَةِ أَمْ إِلَى الْقَدَرِيَّةِ أَمْ إِلَى الْحَرُورِيَّةِ وَ إِنَّ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ هَذَا فَقَالَ لَهُ لَا إِلَى الْمُرْجِئَةِ وَ لَا إِلَى الْقَدَرِيَّةِ وَ لَا إِلَى الْحَرُورِيَّةِ وَ لَكِنْ إِلَيَّ .. فانظروا من كم وجه يبطل خبر الاثني عشر أحدها جلوس عبد الله للإمامة و الثاني إقبال الشيعة إليه و الثالث حيرتهم عند امتحانه و الرابع أنهم لم يعرفوا أن إمامهم موسى بن جعفر عليه السلام حتى دعاهم موسى إلى نفسه و في هذه المدة مات فقيههم‌ زُرَارَةُ بْنُ أَعْيَنَ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ وَ الْمُصْحَفُ عَلَى صَدْرِهِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَئْتَمُّ بِمَنْ أَثْبَتَ إِمَامَتَهُ هَذَا الْمُصْحَفُ   فقلنا لهم إن هذا كله غرور من القول و زخرف و ذلك أنا لم ندع أن‌ جميع الشيعة عرف في ذلك العصر الأئمة الاثني عشر عليه السلام بأسمائهم و إنما قلنا إن رسول الله ص أخبر أن الأئمة بعده الاثنا عشر الذين هم أمناؤه و أن علماء الشيعة قد رووا هذا الحديث بأسمائهم و لا ينكر أن يكون فيهم واحد أو اثنان أو أكثر لم يسمعوا بالحديث فأما زرارة بن أعين فإنه مات قبل انصراف من كان وفده ليعرف الخبر و لم يكن سمع بالنص على موسى بن جعفر عليه السلام من حيث قطع الخبر عذره‌ فَوَضَعَ الْمُصْحَفَ الَّذِي هُوَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى صَدْرِهِ وَ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَئْتَمُّ بِمَنْ يُثْبِتُ هَذَا الْمُصْحَفُ إِمَامَتَهُ .. و هل يفعل الفقيه المتدين عند اختلاف الأمر عليه إلا ما فعله زرارة على أنه قد قيل إن زرارة قد كان علم بأمر موسى بن جعفر عليه السلام و بإمامته و إنما بعث ابنه عبيدا ليتعرف من موسى بن جعفر عليه السلام هل يجوز له إظهار ما يعلم من إمامته أو يستعمل التقية في كتمانه و هذا أشبه بفضل زرارة بن أعين و أليق بمعرفت

Zaidiyyah say: If the tradition regarding the number of Imams to be twelve had been correct, people would not have doubted in the successorship of Imam Ja’far Sadiq (as). So much so that there is a group among Shias that believed in the Imamate of Abdullah and some adopted the belief in Imamate of Ismail and some others remained confused. The matter reached such an extent that when some people put Abdullah, the Imam’s son under a test and didn’t find in him the necessary qualities they came out saying: “Now where do we go? To Murjiah or to Hururiya?” And Musa ibn Ja’far heard this and he said: “Neither to Murjiah or Qadariya or Hururiya; come to me.” So, note due to how many things the tradition regarding the number of Imams to be twelve is invalidated. One is that Abdullah occupied the seat of Imamate, secondly Shias approach him, thirdly after having tested him they are confused and do not know that their Imam is Musa ibn Ja’far and the position is such that Musa ibn Ja’far is compelled to call the people to himself. And a jurisprudent (Faqih) of this period, Zurarah bin Uyun, dies in that condition saying with a copy of the Quran on his breast: “O Lord, I testify for the Imamate of the one, whose Imamate is proved in this Quran.” Our reply is: Indeed, all these things are misleading and false because we have not claimed that all the Shias of that period knew the names of all the twelve Imams. Rather we said that the Holy Prophet (sw) informed that the Imams after him shall be twelve who would be his successors and that the Shia scholars have narrated this tradition with their names. And this fact also cannot be denied that there were among the Shias one or two persons or even more than that who had not heard this tradition. However the matter of Zurarah bin Uyun is such that he died before he met a person who could have informed him about this report and he had not heard the appointment text (Nass) of Musa bin Ja’far. And since the tradition and narration had not reached him, his excuse was acceptable because he placed the Quran on his breast and said: “O Lord, I testify for the Imamate of the one, whose Imamate is proved in this Quran.” And does any religious jurisprudent, when an issue is doubtful for him, acts in any other way? Apart from that it is also said: Zurarah believed in and knew about the Imamate of Imam Musa bin Ja’far and he sent his son, Ubaid, to Imam Musa bin Ja’far (as) to inquire if he (Zurarah) was permitted to reveal what he knew about his Imamate, or that he should keep it confidential through dissimulation. And such a thing is in consonance with the position of Zurarah bin Uyun and acceptable for the level of his divine recognition (Marefat).

Hadith 1

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ زِيَادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْهَمَدَانِيُّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا عليه السلام يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ زُرَارَةَ هَلْ كَانَ يَعْرِفُ حَقَّ أَبِيكَ عليه السلام فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَلِمَ بَعَثَ ابْنَهُ عُبَيْداً لِيَتَعَرَّفَ الْخَبَرَ إِلَى مَنْ أَوْصَى الصَّادِقُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عليه السلام فَقَالَ إِنَّ زُرَارَةَ كَانَ يَعْرِفُ أَمْرَ أَبِي عليه السلام وَ نَصَّ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنَّمَا بَعَثَ ابْنَهُ لِيَتَعَرَّفَ مِنْ أَبِي عليه السلام هَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ التَّقِيَّةَ فِي إِظْهَارِ أَمْرِهِ وَ نَصِّ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا أَبْطَأَ عَنْهُ ابْنُهُ طُولِبَ بِإِظْهَارِ قَوْلِهِ فِي أَبِي عليه السلام فَلَمْ يُحِبَّ أَنْ يُقْدِمَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ دُونَ أَمْرِهِ فَرَفَعَ الْمُصْحَفَ وَ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ إِمَامِي مَنْ أَثْبَتَ هَذَا الْمُصْحَفُ إِمَامَتَهُ مِنْ وُلْدِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ   و الخبر الذي احتجت به الزيدية ليس فيه أن زرارة لم يعرف إمامة موسى بن جعفر عليه السلام و إنما فيه أنه بعث ابنه عبيدا ليسأل عن الخبر.

Narrated to us Ahmad bin Ziyad bin Ja’far al-Hamadani from Ali bin Ibrahim bin Hashim, from Muhammad bin Isa bin Ubaid from Ibrahim bin Muhammad al-Hamadani that he said: I asked Imam Ali al-Ridha (as): O son of Allah’s Messenger, tell me whether Zurarah was aware of the Imamate of your venerable father. He replied: Yes. I further asked: Then why he sent, Ubaid, his son to inquire who Imam Sadiq, Ja’far bin Muhammad (as) had appointed as his successor? Imam Ali al-Ridha (as) said: Indeed, Zurarah was aware of the Imamate of my venerable father and also knew about the clear textual appointment (Nass) of my honorable grandfather about him. And when his son was late in returning, Zurarah was requested to mention his opinion about my father. Since he did not prefer to proceed in this matter without the leave of my father, he picked up the Quran and said: “O Lord, my Imam from among the sons of Imam Ja’far bin Muhammad is one, whose Imamate is proved in this Quran.” [Al-Saduq says:] The narration that Zaidiyyah had presented as an argument does not say that Zurarah was unaware about the Imamate of Musa bin Ja’far. Rather it is proved therein that he sent his son, Ubaid to inquire about something.

Hadith 2

حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هِلَالٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: لَمَّا بَعَثَ زُرَارَةُ عُبَيْداً ابْنَهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لِيَسْأَلَ عَنِ الْخَبَرِ بَعْدَ مُضِيِّ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ‌ فَلَمَّا اشْتَدَّ بِهِ الْأَمْرُ أَخَذَ الْمُصْحَفَ وَ قَالَ مَنْ أَثْبَتَ إِمَامَتَهُ هَذَا الْمُصْحَفُ فَهُوَ إِمَامِي. و هذا الخبر لا يوجب أنه لم يعرف على أن راوي هذا الخبر أحمد بن هلال‌ و هو مجروح عند مشايخنا رضي الله عنهم.

My father narrated to us from Muhammad bin Yahya Attar from Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Yahya bin Imran Ashari from Ahmad bin Hilal from Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Zurarah from his father who said: When Zurarah sent his son, Ubaid, to Medina to inquire about the report and it was after the demise of Abu Abdillah (Imam Ja’far Sadiq a.s.), his condition became serious he took the Quran and said: “My Imam is only the one, whose Imamate this Quran will prove.” [Al-Saduq says:] And this narration does not say that Zurarah was not having recognition of the Imam. Moreover, the narrator of this report is Ahmad bin Hilal and this person is not reliable in the view of our senior scholars.

Hadith 3

حدثنا شيخنا محمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن الوليد - رضي الله عنه - قال: سمعت سعد بن عبد الله يقول: ما رأينا ولا سمعنا بمتشيع رجع عن التشيع إلى النصب إلا أحمد بن هلال، وكانوا يقولون: إن ما تفرد بروايته أحمد بن هلال فلا يجوز استعماله، وقد علمنا أن النبي والأئمة صلوات الله عليهم لا يشفعون إلا لمن ارتضى الله دينه. والشاك في الامام على غير دين الله، وقد ذكر موسى جعفر عليهما السلام أنه سيستوهبه من ربه يوم القيامة.

Our shaykh Muhammad b. al-Hasan b. Ahmad b. al-Walid – may Allah be pleased with him – narrated to us, who said: I heard Sa'd b. Abd Allah say: “We have neither seen nor heard of any Shi'i who reverted from Shi'ism to hostility (nasb) except Ahmad b. Hilal. They used to say: Whatever is uniquely narrated by Ahmad b. Hilal must not be relied upon. And we know that the Prophet and the Imams do not intercede except on behalf of those whose religion Allah is pleased with. And the one who doubts the Imam is not upon the religion of Allah. And Musa b. Ja'far said that he will ask his Lord to grant him (Ahmad b. Hilal) as a gift on the Day of Resurrection.”

Hadith 4

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الصُّهْبَانِ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ مَرْوَكِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ دُرُسْتَ بْنِ أَبِي مَنْصُورٍ الْوَاسِطِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عليه السلام قَالَ: ذُكِرَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ زُرَارَةُ بْنُ أَعْيَنَ فَقَالَ وَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي سَأَسْتَوْهِبُهُ مِنْ رَبِّي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيَهَبُهُ لِي وَيْحَكَ إِنَّ زُرَارَةَ بْنَ أَعْيَنَ أَبْغَضَ عَدُوَّنَا فِي اللَّهِ وَ أَحَبَّ وَلِيَّنَا فِي اللَّهِ.

Narrated to us Muhammad bin Hasan bin Ahmad bin Walid from Muhammad bin Hasan Saffar quoting from Muhammad bin Abi Sahban from Mansur bin al-Abbas from Marook bin Ubaid from Darast ibn Abi Mansur Wasti from Abul Hasan Imam Musa bin Ja’far. The narrator says that when Zurarah was mentioned in the presence of Imam (as), the Imam said: By Allah, on Judgment Day I would seek Zurarah from my Lord, for myself, and He would give him to me. Woe be on you, indeed, Zurarah bin Uyun bore malice to our enemy for the sake of Allah and for His sake had regard for our friends.

Hadith 5

حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالا حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارُ جَمِيعاً عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَرْبَعَةٌ أَحَبُّ النَّاسِ إِلَيَّ أَحْيَاءً وَ أَمْوَاتاً بُرَيْدٌ الْعِجْلِيُّ وَ زُرَارَةُ بْنُ أَعْيَنَ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ وَ الْأَحْوَلُ‌ أَحَبُّ النَّاسِ إِلَيَّ أَحْيَاءً وَ أَمْوَاتاً   فالصادق عليه السلام لا يجوز أن يقول لزرارة إنه من أحب الناس إليه و هو لا يعرف إمامه موسى بن جعفر ع.

Narrated to us my father and Muhammad bin Hasan that: Narrated to us Ahmad bin Idrees and Muhammad bin Yahya Attar; both said narrating from Muhammad bin Ahmad from Yaqood bin Yazid from ibn Abi Umair from Abul Abbas Fadl bin Abdul Malik from Abu Abdillah Imam Ja’far Sadiq (as) that he said: “Four persons are very dear to me, whether they are alive or dead: Buraid al-Ajali, Zurarah bin Uyun, Muhammad bin Muslim and Ahwal (Muhammad bin Noman Bajali, alias Momin Taq). These four are my favorite men.” [Al-Saduq says:] So it is not possible that Imam Ja’far Sadiq (as) should have made such a statement about Zurarah when the latter was ignorant of the Imamate of Musa bin Ja’far.