Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ فَرِيضَةِ اَلْجَدِّ فَقَالَ "مَا أَعْلَمُ أَحَداً مِنَ اَلنَّاسِ قَالَ فِيهَا إِلاَّ بِالرَّأْيِ إِلاَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ فِيهَا بِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ ".

Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Ibn Udhaynah from Zurarah, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) about the inheritance share (fariḍah) of the grandfather. Imam (a.s) replied: "I do not know anyone among the people who has spoken about it except based on personal opinion, except for Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s), for He (a.s) spoke about it according to the saying of the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family)."

رَوَى يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "اَلْجَدُّ وَ اَلْجَدَّةُ مِنْ قِبَلِ اَلْأَبِ وَ اَلْجَدُّ وَ اَلْجَدَّةُ مِنْ قِبَلِ اَلْأُمِّ كُلُّهُمْ يَرِثُونَ".

Yahya ibn Abi Imran narrated from Yunus from a man who narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s) that he said: "The grandfather and grandmother from the father's side and the grandfather and grandmother from the mother's side - all of them inherit."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَطْعَمَ اَلْجَدَّةَ أُمَّ اَلْأَبِ اَلسُّدُسَ وَ اِبْنُهَا حَيٌّ، وَ أَطْعَمَ اَلْجَدَّةَ أُمَّ اَلْأُمِّ اَلسُّدُسَ وَ اِبْنَتُهَا حَيَّةٌ".

Al-Husayn ibn Said narrated from Ibn Abi Umayr from Jamil from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who said: "The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) granted the paternal grandmother (the father's mother) one-sixth of the inheritance while her son was alive, and he granted the maternal grandmother (the mother's mother) one-sixth while her daughter was alive."

وَ رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ اَلْبَزَنْطِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي حَمَّادُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ اَلْبَصْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ اِبْنَتِي مَاتَتْ وَ أُمِّي حَيَّةٌ فَقَالَ أَبَانُ بْنُ تَغْلِبَ لَيْسَ لَهَا شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "سُبْحَانَ اَللَّهِ أَعْطِهَا سَهْماً يَعْنِي اَلسُّدُسَ".

Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr Al-Bazanti narrated, saying: Hammad ibn Uthman narrated from Abdur Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah Al-Basri from Abu Abdullah (a.s). He said: I said to him, "My daughter has passed away while my mother is still alive." Aban ibn Taghlib said: "She (the grandmother) has no share." Imam (a.s) responded: "Glory be to Allah (swt)! Give her a share, meaning one-sixth."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي خَلَفٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ بَنَاتِ اَلاِبْنَةِ وَ جَدٍّ فَقَالَ "لِلْجَدِّ اَلسُّدُسُ وَ اَلْبَاقِي لِبَنَاتِ اَلاِبْنَةِ".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Sa'd ibn Abi Khalaf from Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about the inheritance share of the daughters of a daughter and a grandfather. Imam (a.s) replied: "The grandfather receives one-sixth, and the remainder goes to the daughters of the daughter."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَطْعَمَ اَلْجَدَّةَ اَلسُّدُسَ وَ لَمْ يَفْرِضِ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهَا شَيْئاً".

Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal narrated from Abdullah ibn Bukayr from Zurarah, who narrated from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) that he said: "The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) granted the grandmother one-sixth, while Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic, did not prescribe any specific share for her (the grandmother)."

وَ رَوَى يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ اَلْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي أَبَوَيْنِ وَ جَدَّةٍ لِأُمٍّ قَالَ "لِلْأُمِّ اَلسُّدُسُ وَ لِلْجَدَّةِ اَلسُّدُسُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ وَ هُوَ اَلثُّلُثَانِ لِلْأَبِ".

Yaqub ibn Yazid narrated from Yahya ibn Al-Mubarak from Abdullah ibn Jabalah from Abu Jamilah from Ishaq ibn Ammar from Abu Abdullah (a.s) regarding the case of a deceased person who left behind both parents and a maternal grandmother. Imam (a.s) said: "The mother receives one-sixth, the grandmother receives one-sixth, and the remainder, which is two-thirds, goes to the father."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حُكَيْمٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ رِبَاطٍ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "اَلْجَدَّةُ لَهَا اَلسُّدُسُ مَعَ اِبْنِهَا وَ مَعَ اِبْنَتِهَا".

In the narration of Muawiyah ibn Hakim from Ali ibn Al-Hasan ibn Ribaṭ, who reported it from Abu Abdullah (a.s), he said: "The grandmother is entitled to one-sixth of the inheritance, whether along with her son or her daughter."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ وَ جَدَّهُ فَقَالَ "هَذِهِ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ لِلْمَرْأَةِ اَلرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْأُخْتِ سَهْمٌ وَ لِلْجَدِّ سَهْمَانِ".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Riʾab from Abu Ubaydah from Abu Jafar (a.s) regarding a man who passed away and left behind his wife, his sister, and his grandfather. Imam (a.s) said: "This inheritance is divided into four shares: the wife receives one-fourth, the sister receives one share, and the grandfather receives two shares."

وَ رَوَى أَبَانٌ عَنْ بُكَيْرٍ وَ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ اَلْأُمِّ اَلثُّلُثُ مَعَ اَلْجَدِّ وَ هُوَ شَرِيكُ اَلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ اَلْأَبِ".

Aban narrated from Bukayr and Al-Halabi from one of the two Imams (peace be upon them) who said: "The maternal siblings are entitled to one-third of the inheritance along with the grandfather, and the grandfather shares the inheritance with the paternal siblings."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأُمِّهِ وَ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَارِثاً غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ "اَلْمَالُ لَهُ" قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ اَلْأَخِ لِلْأُمِّ جَدٌّ فَقَالَ "يُعْطَى اَلْأَخُ لِلْأُمِّ اَلسُّدُسَ وَ يُعْطَى اَلْجَدُّ اَلْبَاقِيَ".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man who passed away leaving only his maternal brother as an heir and no other inheritor. Imam (a.s) said: "The entire estate belongs to him." I then asked: "What if there is also a grandfather along with the maternal brother?" Imam (a.s) replied: "The maternal brother is given one-sixth, and the grandfather receives the remainder."

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلصَّبَّاحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ اَلْأُمِّ مَعَ اَلْجَدِّ فَقَالَ "لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ اَلْأُمِّ فَرِيضَتُهُمُ اَلثُّلُثُ مَعَ اَلْجَدِّ ".

Muhammad ibn Al-Fuḍayl narrated from Abu Al-Ṣabbah from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about the maternal siblings inheriting alongside the grandfather. Imam (a.s) said: "The prescribed share for the maternal siblings is one-third, even when the grandfather is present."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلْجَدِّ مَعَ إِخْوَةٍ لِأُمٍّ قَالَ "إِنَّ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "أَنَّ اَلْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ اَلْأُمِّ يَرِثُونَ مَعَ اَلْجَدِّ اَلثُّلُثَ" ".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Khalid ibn Jarir from Abu Al-Rabi from Abu Abdullah (a.s) regarding the grandfather inheriting alongside maternal siblings. Imam (a.s) said: "Indeed, in the Book of Ali (a.s), it is written that 'the maternal siblings inherit one-third along with the grandfather.'"

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ أَخٍ لِأَبٍ وَ جَدٍّ قَالَ "اَلْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا سَوَاءٌ".

Ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a paternal brother and a grandfather (in matters of inheritance). Imam (a.s) replied: "The inheritance is divided equally between them."

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "كَانَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يُوَرِّثُ اَلْأَخَ مِنَ اَلْأَبِ مَعَ اَلْجَدِّ يُنَزِّلُهُ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ".

Ibn Mahbub narrated from Khalid ibn Jarir from Abu Al-Rabi from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who said: "Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) used to make the paternal brother inherit alongside the grandfather, placing him in the same position as the grandfather."

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ بُكَيْرٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَ اَلْفُضَيْلِ وَ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: "أَنَّ اَلْجَدَّ مَعَ اَلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ اَلْأَبِ مِثْلُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ اَلْإِخْوَةِ".

Ibn Udhaynah narrated from Zurarah, Bukayr, Muhammad ibn Muslim, Al-Fuḍayl, and Burayd ibn Muawiyah from one of the two Imams (peace be upon them) who said: "The grandfather, when inheriting alongside the paternal siblings, is considered as one of the brothers."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ وَ جَدَّهُ قَالَ "اَلْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ أَخَوَيْنِ كَانَا أَوْ مِائَةً فَالْجَدُّ مَعَهُمْ كَوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ لِلْجَدِّ مِثْلُ نَصِيبِ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ اَلْإِخْوَةِ".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Riʾab from Zurarah, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man who died and left behind his full brother (from the same father and mother) and his grandfather. Imam (a.s) said: "The inheritance is divided among them as if they were two brothers or even a hundred. The grandfather is considered as one of them; he receives a share equal to that of one of the brothers."

وَ رَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنِ اَلْفُضَيْلِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِنَّ اَلْجَدَّ شَرِيكُ اَلْإِخْوَةِ وَ حَظُّهُ مِثْلُ حَظِّ أَحَدِهِمْ مَا بَلَغُوا كَثُرُوا أَوْ قَلُّوا".

Hammad narrated from Hariz from Al-Fuḍayl or someone else from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who said: "The grandfather shares the inheritance with the siblings, and his share is equal to the share of one of them, regardless of whether they are many or few."

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْوَلِيدِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ اَلْجُعْفِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "اَلْجَدُّ يُقَاسِمُ اَلْإِخْوَةَ وَ لَوْ كَانُوا مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ".

Muhammad ibn Al-Walid narrated from Hammad ibn Uthman from Ismaʿil Al-Juʿfi who said: I heard Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) say: "The grandfather shares the inheritance with the siblings, even if they were one hundred thousand."

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ سِتَّةَ إِخْوَةٍ وَ جَدّاً قَالَ "هُوَ كَأَحَدِهِمْ".

Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Ibn Muskan from Abu Baṣir, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man who died and left behind six brothers and a grandfather. Imam (a.s) said: "The grandfather is considered as one of them."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ يُونُسَ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: فِي سِتَّةِ إِخْوَةٍ وَ جَدٍّ قَالَ "لِلْجَدِّ اَلسُّبُعُ".

In the narration of Yunus from Sayf ibn Umayrah from Ishaq ibn Ammar from Abu Baṣir, he said: I heard Abu Abdullah (a.s) say regarding six brothers and a grandfather: "The grandfather receives one-seventh of the inheritance."

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ إِخْوَةً وَ أَخَوَاتٍ مِنْ أَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ وَ جَدّاً قَالَ "اَلْجَدُّ كَوَاحِدٍ مِنَ اَلْإِخْوَةِ اَلْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ "لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ اَلْأُنْثَيَيْنِ"".

Ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who passed away and left behind brothers and sisters from both his father and mother, along with a grandfather. Imam (a.s) said: "The grandfather is considered as one of the brothers, and the inheritance is divided among them with the male receiving the share equal to that of two females."

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سُئِلَ عَنِ اِبْنِ عَمٍّ وَ جَدٍّ قَالَ "اَلْمَالُ لِلْجَدِّ".

Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Riʾab from Abu Ubaydah from Abu Jafar (a.s) who was asked about a paternal cousin and a grandfather (regarding inheritance). Imam (a.s) said: "The entire inheritance belongs to the grandfather."

وَ رَوَى اَلْبَزَنْطِيُّ عَنِ اَلْمُثَنَّى عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّيْقَلِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ اِبْنُ أَخٍ وَ جَدٌّ قَالَ "اَلْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ".

Al-Bazanti narrated from Al-Muthanna from Al-Hasan Al-Ṣayqal from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a paternal nephew and a grandfather (regarding inheritance). Imam (a.s) said: "The inheritance is divided equally between them, half and half."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي خَلَفٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي بَنَاتِ أُخْتٍ وَ جَدٍّ قَالَ "لِبَنَاتِ اَلْأُخْتِ اَلثُّلُثُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْجَدِّ".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Sa'd ibn Abi Khalaf from one of the companions of Abu Abdullah (a.s) regarding the case of daughters of a sister and a grandfather. Imam (a.s) said: "The daughters of the sister receive one-third of the inheritance, and the remainder goes to the grandfather."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلنُّعْمَانِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اَلْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي اَلْجَعْدِ: أَنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَعْطَى اَلْجَدَّةَ اَلْمَالَ كُلَّهُ.

Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Al-Nuʿman narrated from Abdullah ibn Numayr from Al-Aʿmash from Salim ibn Abi Al-Jaʿd that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) granted the entire inheritance to the grandmother.

قَالَ مُصَنِّفُ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَعْطَاهَا الْمَالَ كُلَّهُ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهَا.

The author of this book, may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, explained that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) gave her the entire inheritance because the deceased had no other heir besides her.

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَقَحَّمَ جَرَاثِيمَ جَهَنَّمَ فَلْيَقُلْ فِي اَلْجَدِّ".

It is narrated from Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) that he said: "Whoever wishes to plunge into the depths of Hell should speak about (the inheritance of) the grandfather."

وَ رَوَى ابْنُ سِيرِينَ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ حَفِظْتُ عَنْ بَعْضِ الصَّحَابَةِ فِي الْجَدِّ مِائَةَ قَضِيَّةٍ يُخَالِفُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضاً وَ قَالَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْجَدَّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأَخِ أَبَداً يَرِثُ حَيْثُ يَرِثُ وَ يَسْقُطُ حَيْثُ يَسْقُطُ وَ غَلِطَ الْفَضْلُ فِي ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الْجَدَّ يَرِثُ مَعَ وَلَدِ الْوَلَدِ وَ لَا يَرِثُ مَعَهُ الْأَخُ وَ يَرِثُ الْجَدُّ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأَبِ مَعَ الْأَبِ وَ الْجَدُّ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ مَعَ الْأُمِّ وَ لَا يَرِثُ الْأَخُ مَعَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِ وَ ابْنُ الْأَخِ يَرِثُ مَعَ الْجَدِّ وَ لَا يَرِثُ مَعَ الْأَخِ فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ الْجَدُّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأَخِ أَبَداً وَ كَيْفَ يَرِثُ حَيْثُ يَرِثُ وَ يَسْقُطُ حَيْثُ يَسْقُطُ بَلِ الْجَدُّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فَأَمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبَداً بِمَنْزِلَتِهِمْ يَرِثُ حَيْثُ يَرِثُ الْأَخُ وَ يَسْقُطُ حَيْثُ يَسْقُطُ الْأَخُ فَلَاوَ ذَكَرَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ مِنَ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ.

Ibn Sirin narrated from Abu Ubaydah, who said: "I memorized one hundred rulings from some of the companions regarding the grandfather, and they contradicted one another." Al-Faḍl ibn Shadhan said: "Know that the grandfather always holds the position of a brother; he inherits where the brother inherits and is excluded where the brother is excluded." However, Al-Faḍl was mistaken in this matter because the grandfather inherits alongside the descendants (children's children), whereas a brother does not inherit in their presence. The paternal grandfather inherits alongside the father, and the maternal grandfather inherits alongside the mother, while a brother does not inherit alongside either parent. Additionally, a nephew inherits alongside the grandfather but not alongside the brother. So how can the grandfather always be in the same position as the brother, inheriting where the brother inherits and being excluded where the brother is excluded? Rather, the grandfather, when inheriting alongside siblings, is considered as one of them. However, to claim that he always holds their position - sharing the same rules of inheritance and exclusion - is incorrect, and Al-Faḍl ibn Shadhan did not provide any valid evidence to support this claim.

مَا رَوَاهُ فِرَاسٌ عَنِ اَلشَّعْبِيِّ عَنِ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي سِتَّةِ إِخْوَةٍ وَ جَدٍّ "أَنِ اِجْعَلْهُ كَأَحَدِهِمْ وَ اُمْحُ كِتَابِي".

What Firas narrated from Al-Shabi, from Ibn Abbas, that he said: Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s), peace be upon him, wrote to me regarding six brothers and a grandfather, saying: "Consider him as one of them (brothers) and erase my letter."

فَجَعَلَهُ عَلِيٌّ ع سَابِعاً مَعَهُمْ وَ قَوْلُهُ ع وَ امْحُ كِتَابِي كَرِهَ أَنْ يُشَنَّعَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْخِلَافِ عَلَى مَنْ تَقَدَّمَهُ وَ لَيْسَ هَذَا بِحُجَّةٍ لِلْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ لِأَنَّ هَذَا الْخَبَرَ إِنَّمَا يُثْبِتُ أَنَّ الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ وَ لَيْسَ يُثْبِتُ كَوْنَهُ أَبَداً بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأَخِ وَ لَا يُثْبِتُ أَنَّهُ يَرِثُ حَيْثُ يَرِثُ الْأَخُ وَ يَسْقُطُ حَيْثُ يَسْقُطُ الْأَخُ وَ رَوَى مُخَالِفُونَا أَنَّ عُمَرَ تُوُفِّيَ ابْنُ ابْنِهِ وَ تَرَكَهُ وَ تَرَكَ أَخَوَيْنِ فَسَأَلَ عُمَرُ زَيْداً عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ زَيْدٌ أَرَى الْمَالَ بَيْنَكُمْ أَثْلَاثاً فَأَخَذَ عُمَرُ بِقَوْلِ زَيْدٍ فَجَعَلَ نَفْسَهُ وَ هُوَ الْجَدُّ أَخاً وَ أَمَّا ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ فِي أَخٍ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ وَ أَخٍ لِأَبٍ وَ جَدٍّ إِنَّ الْمَالَ بَيْنَ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ وَ الْجَدِّ نِصْفَانِ وَ لَا شَيْءَ لِلْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ فَجَعَلَ الْجَدَّ هَاهُنَا أَخاً كَأَنَّ الْمَيِّتَ تَرَكَ أَخَوَيْنِ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ وَ أَخاً لِأَبٍ فَجَعَلَ الْجَدَّ أَخاً وَ هَذَا مُوَافِقٌ لِمَا نَقُولُهُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ الرَّجُلُ أَخاً وَ أُخْتاً لِأُمٍّ وَ جَدّاً وَ جَدَّةً مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ وَ أُخْتاً لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ وَ أَخاً لِأَبٍ فَلِلْأَخِ وَ الْأُخْتِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ وَ الْجَدِّ وَ الْجَدَّةِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ الذَّكَرُ وَ الْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأُخْتِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ وَ سَقَطَ الْأَخُ مِنَ الْأَبِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ إِخْوَةً وَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأُمٍّ وَ جَدّاً وَ جَدَّةً لِأُمٍّ وَ إِخْوَةً وَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ وَ جَدّاً وَ جَدَّةً لِأَبٍ وَ إِخْوَةً وَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ فَلِلْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ وَ الْجَدِّ وَ الْجَدَّةِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ الذَّكَرُ وَ الْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ وَ الْجَدِّ وَ الْجَدَّةِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأَبِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ وَ سَقَطَ الْإِخْوَةُ وَ الْأَخَوَاتُ مِنَ الْأَبِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَخاً لِأُمٍّ وَ جَدّاً لِأُمٍّ وَ أَخاً لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ وَ جَدّاً لِأَبٍ وَ أَخاً لِأَبٍ فَلِلْأَخِ لِلْأُمِّ وَ الْجَدِّ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ وَ الْجَدِّ لِلْأَبِ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ وَ سَقَطَ الْأَخُ لِلْأَبِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ امْرَأَةً وَ أَخاً لِأُمٍّ وَ جَدّاً لِأُمٍّ وَ أَخاً لِأَبٍ فَلِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْأَخِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ وَ الْجَدِّ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَتِ امْرَأَةٌ زَوْجَهَا وَ ابْنَ ابْنِهَا وَ جَدّاً وَ إِخْوَةً وَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ فَلِلزَّوْجِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْجَدِّ السُّدُسُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِابْنِ الِابْنِ وَ سَقَطَ الْإِخْوَةُ وَ الْأَخَوَاتُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَوَيْهَا وَ جَدَّهَا أَبَا أُمِّهَا فَلِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ هَذَا الثُّلُثِ نِصْفُهُ فَيُدْفَعُ إِلَى الْجَدِّ وَ هُوَ السُّدُسُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ وَ لِلْأَبِ السُّدُسُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ الرَّجُلُ أَبَوَيْهِ وَ جَدّاً لِأَبٍ وَ جَدّاً لِأُمٍّ فَلِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ وَ لِلْجَدِّ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ وَ لِلْأَبِ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْجَدِّ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأَبِ السُّدُسُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ الرَّجُلُ أَبَاهُ وَ جَدَّهُ أَبَا أُمِّهِ فَالْمَالُ لِلْأَبِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أُمَّهُ وَ جَدَّهُ أَبَا أَبِيهِ فَالْمَالُ لِأُمِّهِ لِأَنَّ الْجَدَّ أَبَا الْأَبِ إِنَّمَا لَهُ السُّدُسُ مِنْ مَالِ ابْنِهِ طُعْمَةً وَ كَذَلِكَ الْجَدُّ أَبُو الْأُمِّ إِنَّمَا لَهُ السُّدُسُ مِنْ مَالِ ابْنَتِهِ طُعْمَةً فَإِنْ تَرَكَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ أَبَوَيْهِ وَ جَدَّهُ أَبَا أَبِيهِ وَ جَدَّهُ أَبَا أُمِّهِ فَلِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ وَ لِلْجَدِّ أَبِي الْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ وَ لِلْجَدِّ أَبِي الْأَبِ السُّدُسُ وَ لِلْأَبِ الْبَاقِي فَإِنْ تَرَكَتِ امْرَأَةٌ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَوَيْهَا وَ جَدَّهَا أَبَا أَبِيهَا وَ جَدَّهَا أَبَا أُمِّهَا فَلِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ وَ لِلْجَدِّ أَبِي الْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ وَ لِلْأَبِ السُّدُسُ وَ سَقَطَ الْجَدُّ أَبُو الْأَبِ وَ هَذَا هُوَ الْمَوْضِعُ الَّذِي لَا يَرِثُ فِيهِ الْجَدُّ أَبُو الْأَبِ مَعَ الْأَبِ وَ الْعِلَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْجَدَّ إِنَّمَا مِيرَاثُهُ السُّدُسُ مِنْ مَالِ ابْنِهِ طُعْمَةً فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَرِثِ ابْنُهُ إِلَّا السُّدُسَ سَقَطَ مِنَ الطُّعْمَةِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَتِ امْرَأَةٌ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَوَيْهَا وَ جَدَّهَا أَبَا أَبِيهَا وَ جَدَّهَا أَبَا أُمِّهَا وَ إِخْوَةً وَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ أَوْ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ فَلِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ وَ لِلْجَدِّ أَبِي الْأَبِ السُّدُسُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ وَ سَقَطَ الْجَدُّ أَبُو الْأُمِّ وَ هَذَا هُوَ الْمَوْضِعُ الَّذِي لَا يَرِثُ فِيهِ الْجَدُّ أَبُو الْأُمِّ مَعَ الْأُمِّ وَ الْعِلَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ أَوِ الْأَبِ حَجَبُوا الْأُمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ فَرَدُّوهَا إِلَى السُّدُسِ فَلَمَّا لَمْ تَأْخُذِ الْأُمُّ إِلَّا السُّدُسَ سَقَطَ أَبُوهَا مِنَ الطُّعْمَةِ مِنْ مَالِهَا فَإِنْ تَرَكَتْ جَدّاً أَوْ جَدَّةً لِأَبٍ أَوْ لِأُمٍّ وَ عَمّاً أَوْ عَمَّةً أَوْ خَالًا أَوْ خَالَةً فَالْمَالُ لِلْجَدِّ أَوِ الْجَدَّةِ وَ سَقَطَ الْعَمُّ وَ الْعَمَّةُ وَ الْخَالُ وَ الْخَالَةُ وَ لَا يَرِثُ مَعَ الْجَدِّ وَ الْأَخِ وَ لَا مَعَ الْأُخْتِ وَ لَا مَعَ ابْنِ الْأَخِ وَ لَا مَعَ ابْنِ الْأُخْتِ وَ لَا مَعَ ابْنَةِ الْأَخِ وَ لَا مَعَ ابْنَةِ الْأُخْتِ عَمٌّ وَ لَا عَمَّةٌ وَ لَا خَالٌ وَ لَا خَالَةٌ وَ لَا ابْنُ عَمٍّ وَ لَا ابْنُ عَمَّةٍ وَ لَا ابْنُ خَالٍ وَ لَا ابْنُ خَالَةٍ وَ وَلَدُ الْأَخِ وَ وَلَدُ الْأُخْتِ وَ إِنْ سَفَلُوا فَهُمْ أَحَقُّ بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنَ الْأَعْمَامِ وَ الْعَمَّاتِ وَ الْأَخْوَالِ وَ الْخَالاتِ وَ لا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ.

So Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s), peace be upon him, considered him (the grandfather) as a seventh among them. His (a.s) statement, "erase my letter," indicates that he disliked being criticized for differing from those who preceded him. This, however, is not proof for Al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, because this narration only establishes that the grandfather is regarded as one of the brothers and does not establish that he is always considered like a brother, nor does it establish that he inherits where a brother inherits and is excluded where a brother is excluded. Our opponents have narrated that when Umar's grandson passed away, leaving him along with two brothers, Umar asked Zayd about the matter. Zayd replied: "I see the wealth should be divided into thirds among you." Umar accepted Zayd's opinion and considered himself, being the grandfather, as a brother. As for Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah (swt) be pleased with him, he said regarding a brother from the father and mother, a brother from the father, and a grandfather, that the wealth should be divided equally between the brother from the father and mother and the grandfather, with nothing for the brother from the father. Thus, he considered the grandfather as a brother, as if the deceased had left behind two full brothers and a paternal half-brother, treating the grandfather as a brother. This aligns with what we say. If a man leaves behind a brother and sister from the mother, a grandfather and grandmother from the mother's side, a sister from the father and mother, and a brother from the father, then the brother and sister from the mother's side, along with the grandfather and grandmother from the mother's side, are entitled to one-third of the inheritance, with the male and female in this matter are equal. Whatever remains shall belong to the sister from the father and mother, and the brother from the father is excluded. If the deceased left behind brothers and sisters from the mother, a maternal grandfather and grandmother, brothers and sisters from the father and mother, a paternal grandfather and grandmother, and brothers and sisters from the father, then one-third of the inheritance shall go to the maternal siblings and grandparents, with equal shares between male and female. Whatever remains shall belong to the paternal siblings and grandparents, with the male receiving twice the share of the female, and the brothers and sisters from the father shall be excluded. If the deceased left behind a brother from the mother, a maternal grandfather, a brother from the father and mother, a paternal grandfather, and a brother from the father, then one-third of the inheritance shall be divided equally between the brother from the mother and the maternal grandfather. Whatever remains shall belong to the brother from the father and mother and the paternal grandfather, to be shared equally, and the brother from the father shall be excluded. If the deceased left behind a wife, a brother from the mother, a maternal grandfather, and a brother from the father, then one-fourth of the inheritance shall go to the wife, one-third divided equally between the brother from the mother and the maternal grandfather, and whatever remains shall belong to the brother from the father. If a woman left behind her husband, her grandson, a grandfather, and brothers and sisters from the father and mother, then one-fourth shall go to the husband, one-sixth to the grandfather, and whatever remains shall belong to the grandson, excluding the brothers and sisters. If a woman left behind her husband, her parents, and her maternal grandfather, then one-half of the inheritance shall go to the husband, one-third to the mother, and from this third, half shall be taken and given to the grandfather. And that is the sixth of the entire estate, and the father is entitled to the sixth. If a man leaves behind his two parents and a paternal grandfather and a maternal grandfather, then the mother shall receive one-sixth, the maternal grandfather shall receive one-sixth, the father shall receive half, and the paternal grandfather shall receive one-sixth. If a man leaves behind his father and his maternal grandfather, then the estate belongs to the father. If he leaves behind his mother and his paternal grandfather, then the estate belongs to his mother, because the paternal grandfather is entitled only to one-sixth of his son's estate as a provision, and likewise, the maternal grandfather is entitled only to one-sixth of his daughter's estate as a provision. If a man leaves behind his wife, his two parents, his paternal grandfather, and his maternal grandfather, then the wife shall receive one-fourth, the mother shall receive one-sixth, the maternal grandfather shall receive one-sixth, the paternal grandfather shall receive one-sixth, and the father shall receive the remainder. If a woman leaves behind her husband, her two parents, her paternal grandfather, and her maternal grandfather, then the husband shall receive half, the mother shall receive one-sixth, the maternal grandfather shall receive one-sixth, and the father shall receive one-sixth, with the paternal grandfather being excluded. This is the case where the paternal grandfather does not inherit alongside the father. The reason for this is that the grandfather's inheritance is a sixth from his son as a provision, and when his son inherits only a sixth, the grandfather's share as provision is nullified. If a woman leaves behind her husband, her two parents, and her paternal grandfather, then the estate is distributed accordingly. And if she leaves behind her husband, her two parents, her paternal grandfather, her maternal grandfather, and brothers and sisters from the father's side or from both parents, then the husband shall receive half, the mother shall receive one-sixth, the paternal grandfather shall receive one-sixth, and the remainder shall be for the father, while the maternal grandfather is excluded. This is the case in which the maternal grandfather does not inherit alongside the mother. The reason for this is that the brothers and sisters from the father's side or from both parents have reduced the mother's share from one-third to one-sixth. Since the mother only receives one-sixth, her father is excluded from receiving any share of her inheritance. If a person leaves behind a paternal or maternal grandfather or grandmother, and an uncle or an aunt or a maternal uncle or a maternal aunt, then the estate belongs to the grandfather or grandmother, and the uncle, aunt, maternal uncle, and maternal aunt are excluded. No paternal uncle, paternal aunt, maternal uncle, maternal aunt, cousin, cousin's son, maternal cousin, or maternal cousin's son inherits alongside the grandfather, brother, sister, nephew, or niece. The offspring of the brother and sister, even if they are distant, are more entitled to inherit than paternal uncles, paternal aunts, maternal uncles, and maternal aunts. And there is no power except with Allah (swt).