Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ وَ اَلْحَلَبِيُّ جَمِيعاً عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ « اَلْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومٰاتٌ فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ اَلْحَجَّ فَلاٰ رَفَثَ وَ لاٰ فُسُوقَ وَ لاٰ جِدٰالَ فِي اَلْحَجِّ » فَقَالَ «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ اِشْتَرَطَ عَلَى اَلنَّاسِ شَرْطاً وَ شَرَطَ لَهُمْ شَرْطاً فَمَنْ وَفَى لَهُ وَفَى اَللَّهُ لَهُ فَقَالاَ لَهُ فَمَا اَلَّذِي اِشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ مَا اَلَّذِي شَرَطَ لَهُمْ فَقَالَ أَمَّا اَلَّذِي اِشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ «اَلْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومٰاتٌ فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ اَلْحَجَّ فَلاٰ رَفَثَ وَ لاٰ فُسُوقَ وَ لاٰ جِدٰالَ فِي اَلْحَجِّ» وَ أَمَّا مَا شَرَطَ لَهُمْ فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ: «فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ فَلاٰ إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ وَ مَنْ تَأَخَّرَ فَلاٰ إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ لِمَنِ اِتَّقىٰ » قَالَ يَرْجِعُ وَ لاَ ذَنْبَ لَهُ» فَقَالاَ لَهُ أَ رَأَيْتَ مَنِ اُبْتُلِيَ بِالْفُسُوقِ مَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ «لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ حَدّاً يَسْتَغْفِرُ اَللَّهَ وَ يُلَبِّي » فَقَالاَ لَهُ فَمَنِ اُبْتُلِيَ بِالْجِدَالِ مَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ «إِذَا جَادَلَ فَوْقَ مَرَّتَيْنِ فَعَلَى اَلْمُصِيبِ دَمٌ يُهَرِيقُهُ شَاةٌ وَ عَلَى اَلْمُخْطِئِ بَقَرَةٌ ».

Muhammad ibn Muslim and al-Halabi both narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s) regarding the verse of Allah (swt), the Almighty: "Hajj is in the well-known months. So whoever has made Hajj obligatory upon himself therein, there is to be no obscenity (rafath), no sin (fusuq), and no disputing (jidal) during Hajj." (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:197) Imam (a.s) said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), the Almighty, has set a condition upon the people and made a promise to them. Whoever fulfills His condition, Allah (swt) will fulfill His promise to him." They asked him: "What is the condition that He has set upon them, and what is the promise He has made to them?" Imam (a.s) said: "The condition that He has set upon them is that He said: 'Hajj is in the well-known months. So whoever has made Hajj obligatory upon himself therein, there is to be no obscenity, no sin, and no disputing during Hajj.' And the promise He has made to them is that He said: 'Whoever hastens [to leave Mina] in two days, there is no sin upon him, and whoever delays [until the third], there is no sin upon him, for those who fear Allah (swt).' He returns [from Hajj] without any sin." They asked him: "What about someone who falls into sin (fusuq)? What is upon him?" Imam (a.s) said: "Allah (swt), the Almighty, has not set a specific penalty for him. He should seek forgiveness from Allah (swt) and continue reciting the Talbiyah." They then asked: "What about someone who falls into disputing (jidal)? What is upon him?" Imam (a.s) said: "If he disputes more than twice, the one who is correct must offer a sheep as a sacrifice, and the one who is incorrect must offer a cow."

وقال أبي - رضي الله عنه - في رسالته إلي: إتق في إحرامك الكذب واليمين الكاذبة والصادقة وهو الجدال، والجدال قول الرجل: (لا والله وبلى والله) فإن جادلت مرة أو مرتين وأنت صادق فلا شئ عليك، فإن جادلت ثلاثا وأنت صادق فعليك دم شاة، فإن جادلت مرة كاذبا فعليك دم شاة، وإن جادلت مرتين كاذبا فعليك دم بقرة، وإن جادلت كاذبا ثلاثا فعليك بدنة، والفسوق الكذب فاستغفر الله منه، والرفث الجماع، فإن جامعت وأنت محرم في الفرج فعليك بدنة والحج من قابل، ويجب أن يفرق بينك وبين أهلك حتى تقضيا المناسك، ثم تجتمعان، فإن أخذتما على طريق غير الذي كنتما أخذتما عليه عام أول لم يفرق بينكما، وتلزم المرأة بدنة إذا جامعها الرجل، فإن أكرهها لزمته بدنتان ولم يلزم المرأة شئ، فإن كان جماعك دون الفرج فعليك بدنة وليس عليك الحج من قابل.

My father—may Allah (swt) be pleased with him—wrote in his letter to me: "During your state of Ihram, avoid lying, oaths—whether false or truthful—and disputing (jidal). Disputing is when a person says, 'No, by Allah (swt),' or 'Yes, by Allah (swt).' If you dispute once or twice while truthful, there is nothing upon you. However, if you dispute three times while truthful, you must offer a sheep as a sacrifice. If you dispute once while lying, you must offer a sheep. If you dispute twice while lying, you must offer a cow. If you dispute three times while lying, you must offer a camel (budnah). Al-fusuq (sinfulness) is lying, so seek forgiveness from Allah (swt) for it. Al-rafath refers to sexual intercourse. If you have intercourse during Ihram, in the private parts, you must offer a camel as a sacrifice and repeat the Hajj in the following year. You and your spouse must be separated until the rituals are completed, and then you may reunite. However, if you take a different route from the one you traveled in the previous year, separation is not required. The woman must also offer a camel if the man has intercourse with her. If the man forces her, he must offer two camels, and nothing is required of the woman. If your intercourse is outside the private parts, you must offer a camel, but repeating the Hajj in the following year is not required."

وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنْ وَقَعْتَ عَلَى أَهْلِكَ بَعْدَ مَا تَعْقِدُ لِلْإِحْرَامِ وَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُلَبِّيَ فَلاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْكَ وَ إِنْ جَامَعْتَ وَ أَنْتَ مُحْرِمٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقِفَ بِالْمَشْعَرِ فَعَلَيْكَ بَدَنَةٌ وَ اَلْحَجُّ مِنْ قَابِلٍ وَ إِنْ جَامَعْتَ بَعْدَ وُقُوفِكَ بِالْمَشْعَرِ فَعَلَيْكَ بَدَنَةٌ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ اَلْحَجُّ مِنْ قَابِلٍ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ نَاسِياً أَوْ سَاهِياً أَوْ جَاهِلاً فَلاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْكَ».

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "If you have intercourse with your spouse after entering the state of Ihram but before reciting the Talbiyah, there is nothing upon you. If you have intercourse while in the state of Ihram before standing at al-Mash'ar, you must offer a camel as a sacrifice and repeat the Hajj in the following year. If you have intercourse after standing at al-Mash'ar, you must offer a camel, but repeating the Hajj is not required. If you do so out of forgetfulness, negligence, or ignorance, there is nothing upon you."

وَ سَأَلَهُ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَاقَعَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ وَ هُوَ مُحْرِمٌ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «عَلَيْهِ جَزُورٌ كَوْمَاءُ» فَقَالَ لاَ يَقْدِرُ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «يَنْبَغِي لِأَصْحَابِهِ أَنْ يَجْمَعُوا لَهُ وَ لاَ يُفْسِدُوا عَلَيْهِ حَجَّهُ ».

Abu Basir asked Imam (a.s) about a man who had intercourse with his wife while in the state of Ihram. Imam (a.s) said: "He must offer a large camel (jazur kawmā’)." Abu Basir said: "What if he cannot afford it?" Imam (a.s) replied: "It is upon his companions to contribute on his behalf, and they should not invalidate his Hajj."

وإن نظر محرم إلى غير أهله فأنزل فعليه جزورا أو بقرة، فإن لم يقدر فشاة. وإذا نظر المحرم إلى المرأة نظر شهوة فليس عليه شئ، فإن لمسها فعليه دم شاة، فان قبلها فعليه دم شاة. فإن أتى المحرم أهله ناسيا فلا شئ عليه إنما هو بمنزلة من أكل في شهر رمضان وهو ناس.

If a Muhrim looks at someone other than his spouse and ejaculates, he must offer a camel or a cow, and if he cannot afford it, then a sheep. If a Muhrim looks at a woman with lust, there is nothing upon him. However, if he touches her, he must offer a sheep. If he kisses her, he must also offer a sheep. If a Muhrim has intercourse with his wife out of forgetfulness, there is nothing upon him, as he is like one who eats during Month of Ramadan while forgetting.

وَ سَأَلَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُحْرِمٍ نَظَرَ إِلَى سَاقِ اِمْرَأَةٍ أَوْ إِلَى فَرْجِهَا فَأَمْنَى فَقَالَ «إِنْ كَانَ مُوسِراً فَعَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ وَ إِنْ كَانَ وَسَطاً فَعَلَيْهِ بَقَرَةٌ وَ إِنْ كَانَ فَقِيراً فَعَلَيْهِ شَاةٌ» وَ قَالَ «إِنِّي لَمْ أَجْعَلْ عَلَيْهِ هَذَا لِأَنَّهُ أَمْنَى وَ لَكِنِّي جَعَلْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ لِأَنَّهُ نَظَرَ إِلَى مَا لاَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ».

Abu Basir asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a Muhrim (one in a state of Ihram) who looked at the leg of a woman or her private part and ejaculated. Imam (a.s) said: "If he is wealthy, he must offer a camel. If he is of moderate means, he must offer a cow. If he is poor, he must offer a sheep." Imam (a.s) added: "I have not imposed this upon him because he ejaculated, but because he looked at what was unlawful for him."

وَ سَأَلَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَحْمِلُ اِمْرَأَتَهُ أَوْ يَمَسُّهَا فَأَمْنَى أَوْ أَمْذَى فَقَالَ «إِنْ حَمَلَهَا أَوْ مَسَّهَا بِشَهْوَةٍ فَأَمْنَى أَوْ لَمْ يُمْنِ أَوْ أَمْذَى أَوْ لَمْ يُمْذِ فَعَلَيْهِ دَمُ شَاةٍ يُهَرِيقُهُ وَ إِنْ حَمَلَهَا أَوْ مَسَّهَا بِغَيْرِ شَهْوَةٍ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ أَمْنَى أَوْ لَمْ يُمْنِ أَمْذَى أَوْ لَمْ يُمْذِ.

Muhammad ibn Muslim asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man who carries his wife or touches her, and as a result, ejaculates or emits pre-seminal fluid. Imam (a.s) said: "If he carries or touches her with lust, whether he ejaculates, does not ejaculate, emits pre-seminal fluid, or does not emit pre-seminal fluid, he must offer a sheep as a sacrifice. If he carries or touches her without lust, then there is nothing upon him, whether he ejaculates, does not ejaculate, emits pre-seminal fluid, or does not emit pre-seminal fluid."

وإذا وجبت على الرجل بدنة في كفارة فلم يجدها فعليه سبع شياه، فإن لم يقدر صام ثمانية عشر يوما بمكة أو في منزله. وإن طفت بالبيت وبالصفا والمروة وقد تمتعت ثم عجلت فقبلت أهلك قبل أن تقصر من رأسك فإن عليك دما تهريقه، وإن جامعت فعليك جزور أو بقرة

Regarding a penalty involving a camel (budnah): If a camel is required as expiation but the person cannot afford it, he must offer seven sheep. If he cannot afford them, he must fast for eighteen days, either in Makkah or at his home. If someone performs Tawaf of the Ka'bah, Sa'i between Safa and Marwah, and has performed Tamattu', but hastens and kisses his spouse before cutting his hair: He must offer a blood sacrifice (a sheep). If he has intercourse before cutting his hair, he must offer a camel or a cow.

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمُحْرِمِ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ اَلْعَمَلَ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ اَللَّهِ لاَ تَعْمَلْهُ فَيَقُولُ وَ اَللَّهِ لَأَعْمَلَنَّهُ فَيُحَالِفُهُ مِرَاراً فَيَلْزَمُهُ مَا يَلْزَمُ صَاحِبَ اَلْجِدَالِ فَقَالَ «لاَ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهَذَا إِكْرَامَ أَخِيهِ إِنَّمَا يَلْزَمُهُ مَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَعْصِيَةً.

Ibn Muskan narrated from Abu Basir, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a Muhrim (one in the state of Ihram) who intends to perform a certain action, and his companions say to him, "By Allah (swt), do not do it." This person then replies, "By Allah (swt), I will do it," and they exchange such oaths repeatedly. Does this make him liable for what applies to one who disputes (jidal)? Imam (a.s) said: "No, for his intention in this is to honor his brother. He is only liable if it involves disobedience to Allah (swt), the Almighty."

وَ رَوَى مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «اِتَّقِ اَلْمُفَاخَرَةَ وَ عَلَيْكَ بِوَرَعٍ يَحْجُزُكَ عَنْ مَعَاصِي اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَإِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ «ثُمَّ لْيَقْضُوا تَفَثَهُمْ » وَ مِنَ اَلتَّفَثِ أَنْ تَتَكَلَّمَ فِي إِحْرَامِكَ بِكَلاَمٍ قَبِيحٍ فَإِذَا دَخَلْتَ مَكَّةَ فَطُفْتَ بِالْبَيْتِ تَكَلَّمْتَ بِكَلاَمٍ طَيِّبٍ وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ كَفَّارَةً لِذَلِكَ ».

Mu'awiyah ibn Ammar narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: "Avoid boasting, and adhere to piety that restrains you from disobedience to Allah (swt), the Almighty. Indeed, Allah (swt), the Almighty, says: 'Then let them complete their prescribed duties.' Among these duties is refraining from speaking foul words while in Ihram. When you enter Makkah and perform Tawaf around the Ka'bah, speak good and kind words, as this will serve as atonement for any inappropriate speech during your state of Ihram."