Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

ومن مس قطعة من جسد أكيل السبع فعليه الغسل إن كان فيما مس عظم وما لم يكن فيه عظم فلا غسل عليه في مسه، ومن مس ميتة فعليه أن يغسل يديه وليس عليه الغسل إنما يجب ذلك في الانسان وحده، ومن مس ميتا قبل الغسل بحرارته فلا غسل عليه، وإن مسه بعدما يبرد فعليه الغسل، ومن مسه بعدما يغسل فليس عليه غسل.

And whoever touches a piece of the body of a dead human devoured by animals; if he has touched a bone, he must perform ghusl (ritual purification), but if there is no bone present, there is no obligation for ghusl. And whoever touches a dead creature must wash his hands, but he is not required to perform the wash of touching; this obligation applies only to humans. If someone touches a dead person before they have cooled (while their body is still warm), they are not required to perform ghusl. However, if they touch them after the body has cooled, they must perform ghusl. If the person is touched after the deceased has been washed (ritually purified), there is no ghusl required.

وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ اَلْبَاقِرُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَسُّ اَلْمَيِّتِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَ بَعْدَ غُسْلِهِ وَ اَلْقُبْلَةُ لَيْسَ بِهَا بَأْسٌ.

Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) said: "Touching a deceased person at the time of their death and after their washing, and kissing them, is not an issue”.

ومن أصاب ثوبه جسد الميت فعليه أن يغسل ما أصاب الثوب منه. وغاسل الميت يبدأ بكفنه فيقطعه، يبدأ بالنمط فيبسطه ويبسط عليه الحبرة وينثر عليه شيئا من الذريرة، ويبسط الإزار على الحبرة وينثر عليه شيئا من الذريرة، ويبسط القميص على الإزار وينثر عليه شيئا من الذريرة، ويأخذ جريدتين من النخل خضراوين رطبتين، طول كل واحدة قدر عظم الذراع، وإن كانت قدر ذراع فلا بأس أو شبر فلا بأس، ويكتب على إزاره وقميصه وحبره والجريدتين: " فلان يشهد أن لا إله إلا الله " ويلفها جميعا.

If one's clothing comes into contact with the body of the deceased, then they must wash whatever part of the clothing was touched. When preparing the deceased, the person washing starts by preparing the shroud. They begin with a sheet (namat), spreading it out, then placing a "habrah" (a specific cloth) and sprinkling some powdered perfume (dharirah) on it. Next, they spread out the izar (waist cloth) on top of the habrah, sprinkling more of the powdered perfume, then place the shirt (Qamis) on top of the izar, again sprinkling the powdered perfume. They take two fresh, green palm branches (Jaridatayn), each the length of approximately a forearm, and if they are the length of an arm or a span, there is no issue. He writes on the Izar (wrap), Qamis (shirt), the habrah, and the two branches: (Fulān) yashhadu an lā ilāha illā Allāh "So-and-so bears witness that there is no god but Allah (swt)." They then wrap all of it together.

وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ عِلَّةِ اَلْجَرِيدَةِ فَقَالَ «إِنَّهُ يَتَجَافَى عَنْهُ اَلْعَذَابُ مَا دَامَتْ رَطْبَةً.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about the reason for placing the palm branch (jareedah), Imam (a.s) replied: "Indeed, the punishment is averted from them (the deceased) as long as it remains fresh."

وَ مَرَّ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ عَلَى قَبْرٍ يُعَذَّبُ صَاحِبُهُ فَدَعَا بِجَرِيدَةٍ فَشَقَّهَا نِصْفَيْنِ فَجَعَلَ وَاحِدَةً عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ وَ اَلْأُخْرَى عِنْدَ رِجْلَيْهِ.وَ رُوِيَ: «أَنَّ صَاحِبَ اَلْقَبْرِ كَانَ قَيْسَ بْنَ فَهْدٍ اَلْأَنْصَارِيَّ. وَ رُوِيَ: « قَيْسَ بْنَ قُمَيْرٍ » وَ أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لَهُ لِمَ وَضَعْتَهُمَا فَقَالَ «إِنَّهُ يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُ اَلْعَذَابُ مَا كَانَتَا خَضْرَاوَيْنِ.

The Messenger of Allah (saws) passed by a grave where its occupant was being punished. He requested a palm branch, split it into two halves, and placed one at the head and the other at the feet of the grave. It is narrated that the person in the grave was Qays ibn Fahd al-Ansari (in another narration: Qays ibn Qumayr) When asked why he placed the branches, He (saws) replied: "Indeed, the punishment is lessened as long as they remain green."

وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْجَرِيدَةِ تُوضَعُ فِي اَلْقَبْرِ فَقَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about placing the palm branch (jareedah) in the grave, Imam (a.s) replied: "There is no issue (with it)”.

يعني إن لم توجد إلا بعد حمل الميت إلى قبره أو يحضره من يتقيه فلا يمكنه وضعهما على ما روي، فيجعلهما معه حيث أمكن.

It means that if Jaridatayn were found after the deceased has been buried in their grave or if someone is present from whom taqiyya is necessary, and thus it is not possible that the Jaridatayn be placed inside the shroud as reported; instead, they should be placed with the deceased however possible.

وَ كَتَبَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بِلاَلٍ إِلَى أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ اَلثَّالِثِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: اَلرَّجُلُ يَمُوتُ فِي بِلاَدٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا نَخْلٌ فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ مَكَانَ اَلْجَرِيدَةِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ اَلشَّجَرِ غَيْرِ اَلنَّخْلِ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ «أَنَّهُ يَتَجَافَى عَنْهُ اَلْعَذَابُ مَا دَامَتِ اَلْجَرِيدَتَانِ رَطْبَتَيْنِ وَ أَنَّهَا تَنْفَعُ اَلْمُؤْمِنَ وَ اَلْكَافِرَ » فَأَجَابَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «يَجُوزُ مِنْ شَجَرٍ آخَرَ رَطْبٍ.

Ali ibn Bilal wrote to Abu Al-Hasan al-Third, Imam Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Hadi (a.s): "A man dies in a land where there are no palm trees. Is it permissible to use something from other trees instead of the palm branch? It has been narrated from your forefathers (a.s) that 'the punishment is averted as long as the two palm branches remain fresh, and that it benefits both the believer and the disbeliever.'" Imam (a.s) replied: "It is permissible to use fresh branches from another tree."

ومتى حضر غسل الميت قوم مخالفون وجب أن يقع الاجتهاد في أن يغسل غسل المؤمن وتخفى الجريدة عنهم.

And if people of opposing beliefs are present during the washing of the deceased, efforts should be made to ensure that the deceased is washed according to the rites of a believer, and the placement of the branches should be concealed from them.

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادٍ اَلْمَكِّيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ اَلثَّوْرِيَّ: يَسْأَلُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلتَّخْضِيرِ فَقَالَ «إِنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ اَلْأَنْصَارِ هَلَكَ فَأُوذِنَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ بِمَوْتِهِ فَقَالَ لِمَنْ يَلِيهِ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ «خَضِّرُوا صَاحِبَكُمْ مَا أَقَلَّ اَلْمُخَضَّرِينَ يَوْمَ اَلْقِيَامَةِ » قَالَ وَ مَا اَلتَّخْضِيرُ فَقَالَ «جَرِيدَةٌ خَضْرَاءُ تُوضَعُ مِنْ أَصْلِ اَلْيَدَيْنِ إِلَى أَصْلِ اَلتَّرْقُوَةِ ».

It was narrated from Yahya ibn 'Abbad al-Makki that He said: "I heard Sufyan al-Thawri asking Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) about 'al-takhdir' (placing green branches). Imam (a.s) replied: 'A man from the Ansar died, and the Messenger of Allah (saws) was informed of his death. He said to those from the man's relatives who were responsible for him, "Place greenery (al-takhdir) on your companion. How few are those who will be adorned with greenery on the Day of Resurrection."' Sufyan asked: 'What is al-takhdir?' Imam (a.s) said: "A green palm branch that is placed from the base of the hands to the base of the collarbone."

وَ سَأَلَ اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْجَرِيدَةِ اَلَّتِي تَكُونُ مَعَ اَلْمَيِّتِ فَقَالَ «تَنْفَعُ اَلْمُؤْمِنَ وَ اَلْكَافِرَ.

Al-Hasan ibn Ziyad asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about the palm branch that is placed with the deceased. Imam (a.s) replied: "It benefits both the believer and the disbeliever”.

وَقَالَ زُرَارَةُ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَ رَأَيْتَ اَلْمَيِّتَ إِذَا مَاتَ لِمَ تُجْعَلُ مَعَهُ اَلْجَرِيدَةُ فَقَالَ «يَتَجَافَى عَنْهُ اَلْعَذَابُ وَ اَلْحِسَابُ مَا دَامَ اَلْعُودُ رَطْباً إِنَّمَا اَلْحِسَابُ وَ اَلْعَذَابُ كُلُّهُ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ فِي سَاعَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ قَدْرَ مَا يُدْخَلُ اَلْقَبْرَ وَ يَرْجِعُ اَلْقَوْمُ وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتِ اَلسَّعَفَتَانِ لِذَلِكَ فَلاَ يُصِيبُهُ عَذَابٌ وَ لاَ حِسَابٌ بَعْدَ جُفُوفِهِمَا إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى.

Zurarah said: I asked Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s): "Why is a palm branch placed with the deceased?" Imam (a.s) said: "The punishment and accounting (in the grave) are averted from them as long as the branch remains fresh. The entire accounting and punishment occur in a single day and a single moment—during the time it takes for the deceased to be placed in the grave and for the people to return. The two palm branches were placed for this reason, so no punishment or accounting will afflict the deceased after they have dried up, if Allah (swt) wills."

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «تَنَوَّقُوا فِي اَلْأَكْفَانِ فَإِنَّهُمْ يُبْعَثُونَ بِهَا.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Be meticulous in choosing the shrouds, for they will be resurrected in them."

وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «أَجِيدُوا أَكْفَانَ مَوْتَاكُمْ فَإِنَّهَا زِينَتُهُمْ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Make the shrouds of your deceased good, for they are their adornment."

وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ اَلْبَاقِرُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِذَا كَفَّنْتَ اَلْمَيِّتَ فَإِنِ اِسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي كَفَنِهِ ثَوْبٌ كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ نَظِيفاً فَافْعَلْ فَإِنَّهُ يُسْتَحَبُّ أَنْ يُكَفَّنَ فِيمَا كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ.

Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) said: "If you shroud the deceased, and you are able to include in their shroud a garment that they used to pray in and it is clean, then do so. It is recommended that they be shrouded in what they used to pray in”.

ولا يجوز أن يكفن الميت في كتان ولا إبريسم، ولكن في القطن.

Additionally, it is not permissible to shroud the deceased in linen (كتان) or silk (إبريسم), but only in cotton.

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلْكَتَّانُ كَانَ لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ يُكَفَّنُونَ بِهِ وَ اَلْقُطْنُ لِأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Linen (الكتان) was used by the Children of Israel for shrouding, while cotton (القطن) is for the Ummah (community) of Muhammad."

وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو اَلْحَسَنِ اَلثَّالِثُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ ثِيَابٍ تُعْمَلُ بِالْبَصْرَةِ عَلَى عَمَلِ اَلْعَصْبِ اَلْيَمَانِيِّ مِنْ قَزٍّ وَ قُطْنٍ هَلْ يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يُكَفَّنَ فِيهَا اَلْمَوْتَى فَقَالَ «إِذَا كَانَ اَلْقُطْنُ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ اَلْقَزِّ فَلاَ بَأْسَ.

Abu Al-Hasan the third, Imam Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Hadi (a.s), was asked about garments made in Basra similar to Yemeni fabric, made of silk (قز) and cotton (قطن), and whether they are suitable for shrouding the deceased. Imam (a.s) said: "If the cotton content is greater than the silk, then there is no issue (in using them)."

وَ سُئِلَ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى مِنْ كِسْوَةِ اَلْكَعْبَةِ شَيْئاً فَقَضَى بِبَعْضِهِ حَاجَتَهُ وَ بَقِيَ بَعْضُهُ فِي يَدِهِ هَلْ يَصْلُحُ بَيْعُهُ فَقَالَ «يَبِيعُ مَا أَرَادَ وَ يَهَبُ مَا لَمْ يُرِدْهُ وَ يَسْتَنْفِعُ بِهِ وَ يَطْلُبُ بَرَكَتَهُ» قِيلَ أَ يُكَفَّنُ فِيهِ اَلْمَيِّتُ قَالَ «لاَ.

Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) was asked about a man who had purchased part of the covering of the Kaaba (Kiswah) and used some of it to fulfil a need, while some of it remained with him. He was asked whether it was permissible to sell the remaining part. Imam (a.s) said: "He may sell what he wants, give away what he does not need, use it, and seek its blessings." He was then asked if it was permissible to shroud a deceased person in it Imam (a.s) said: "No."

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ اَلْقَمِيصُ لِلْمَيِّتِ غَيْرَ مَكْفُوفٍ وَ لاَ مُزَرَّرٍ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "The shirt (Qamis) for the deceased should be without cuffs (غير مكفوف) and without buttons (ولا مزرر)."

وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ اَلْقَمِيصُ أَ يُكَفَّنُ فِيهِ فَقَالَ «اِقْطَعْ أَزْرَارَهُ» قُلْتُ وَ كُمَّهُ قَالَ «لاَ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ إِذَا قُطِعَ لَهُ وَ هُوَ جَدِيدٌ لَمْ يُجْعَلْ لَهُ أَكْمَامٌ فَأَمَّا إِذَا كَانَ ثَوْباً لَبِيساً فَلاَ يُقْطَعُ مِنْهُ إِلاَّ اَلْأَزْرَارُ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about whether a man should be shrouded in his shirt (Qamis). Imam (a.s) said: "Remove its buttons." I asked: "And the sleeves?" Imam (a.s) said: "No, that is only necessary if it is made new for him, in which case it should have no sleeves. However, if it is an already-worn garment, only the buttons need to be removed."

فإذا فرغ غاسل الميت من أمر الكفن وضع الميت على المغتسل مستقبل القبلة ونزع القميص من فوقه إلى سرته ويتركه إلى أن يفرغ من غسله ليستر به عورته فإن لم يكن عليه قميص ألقى على عورته ما يسترها به ويلين أصابعه برفق، فإن تصعبت عليه تركها، ويسمع يده على بطنه مسحا رفيقا، ثم يبدأ بيديه فيغسلهما بثلاث حميديات بماء السدر، ثم يلف على يده اليسرى خرقه يجعل عليها شيئا من الحرض - وهو الأشنان - ويدخل يده تحت الثوب ويصب عليه غيره الماء من فوق إلى سرته، ويغسل قبله ودبره ولا يقطع الماء عنه، ثم يغسل رأسه ولحيته برغوة السدر، وبعده بثلاث حميديات، ولا يقعده، ثم يقلبه إلى جانبه الأيسر ليبدو له الأيمن، ويمد يده اليمنى على جنبه الأيمن إلى حيث بلغت، ثم يغسله بثلاث حميديات من قرنه إلى قدمه، ولا يقطع الماء عنه، ثم يقلبه إلى جانبه الأيمن ليبدو له الأيسر، ويمد يده اليسرى على جنبه الأيسر إلى حيث بلغت، ثم يغسله بثلاث حميديات من قرنه إلى قدمه، ولا يقطع الماء عنه، ثم يقلبه عن ظهره، ويمسح بطنه مسحا رفيقا ويغسله مرة أخرى بماء وشئ من جلال الكافر مثل الغسلة الأولى، ثم يخضخض الأواني التي فيها الماء ويغسله الثالثة بماء قراح ولا يمسح بطنه ثالثة، ويقول عند غسله: " اللهم عفوك عفوك " فإنه من فعل ذلك عفى الله عنه.

After the shrouding is prepared, the deceased is placed on the washing platform facing the Qiblah, and the shirt is removed from above down to the waist, leaving it in place until the washing is complete to cover the 'awrah’ (private parts). If there is no shirt, a covering is placed over the private parts. He gently and softly extends his fingers; if it becomes difficult (due to rigor mortis), he leaves it. The hands are passed gently over the abdomen, then washing begins. He begins with the hands: The hands are washed three times with water containing sidr (lotus leaves). He wraps a cloth around his own left hand and places some of the ‘Hirad ‘ (type of soap alkali plant/cleansing agent) on it, and he reaches his hand under the garment (covering the privates) and another person pours water from above to his navel, washing his front and back (of privates) without cutting off the water. Then he washes his head and beard with the lather (froth) of sidr, followed by three washings with water. The deceased is not seated during the process. The body is turned to the left side to expose the right side, and the right arm is extended along the body. The body is washed three times with water from head to toe. The process is then repeated on the left side ; he turns him to his right side so that his left side becomes visible, and he extends his left hand to his left side where he has reached, then he washes him with three pots from his head to his foot. After the washing, the abdomen is gently massaged, and a second washing is performed with water mixed with a small amount of camphor, similar to the first wash. Then he rinses the vessels containing the camphor water and a third washing with pure water is performed without massaging the abdomen again. During the washing, say the supplication: Allahumma ‘afwuka ‘afwuka "O’ Allah (swt), Your pardon, Your pardon," and if this is done, Allah (swt) forgives the deceased.

أَنَّ جَبْرَئِيلَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَتَى اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ بِأُوقِيَّةِ كَافُورٍ مِنَ اَلْجَنَّةِ وَ اَلْأُوقِيَّةُ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَماً فَجَعَلَهَا اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ ثَلاَثَةَ أَثْلاَثٍ ثُلُثاً لَهُ وَ ثُلُثاً لِعَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ ثُلُثاً لِفَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ.

Archangel Jibril (a.s), brought to the Prophet Muhammad (saws) an ounce of camphor from Paradise. An ounce in this context is equivalent to forty dirhams. The Prophet (saws) divided it into three parts: one part for himself, one part for Imam Ali (a.s), and one part for Sayyida Fatimah Al-Zahra (s.a).

ومن لم يقدر على وزن ثلاثة عشر درهما وثلث كافورا حنط الميت بوزن أربعة مثاقيل، فإن لم يقدر فمثقال، لا أقل منه لمن وجده. وحنوط الرجل والمرأة سواء غير أنه يكله أن يجمر أو يتبع بمجمرة و لكن يجمر الكفن، ويجمل الكافور على بصره وأنفه وفي مسامعه وفيه ويديه وركبتيه ومفاصله كلها وعلى أثر السجود منه، فأن بقي منه شئ جعل على صدره. فإذا فرغ الغاسل من الغسلة الثالثة فليغسل يديه من المرفقين إلى الأصابع و ألقى على الميت ثوبا ينشف به الماء عنه. ولا يجوز أن يدخل الماء الذي ينصب عن الميت من غسله في بئر كنيف، وليكن ذلك في بلاليع أو حفيرة. ولا يجوز أن يقلم أظافيره، ولا يجز شاربه، ولا شيئا من شعره، فإن سقط منه شئ جعل معه في أكفانه، ثم يغتسل الغاسل يبده بالوضوء ثم يغتسل، ثم يضع الميت في أكفانه ويجعل الجريدتين معه، إحداها من عند الترقوة يلصقها بجلده ويمد عليه قميصه من الجانب الأيمن، والجريدة الأخرى عند وركه من الجانب الأيسر ما بين القميص والإزار، ثم يلفه في إزاره وحبره، ويبدأ بالشق الأيسر فيمده على الأيمن ثم يمد الأيمن الأيسر، وان شاء لم يجعل الحبرة معه حتى يدخله قبره فيلقيه عليه ويعممه ويحنكه ولا يعممه عمة الاعرابي ويلقي طرفي العمامة على صدرة، وقبل أن يلبسه قميصه يأخذ شيئا من القطن وينثر عليه ذريرة ويحشو به دبره، ويجعل من القطن شيئا على قبله، ويضم رجليه جميعا، ويشد فخذيه إلى وركه بالمئزر شدا جيدا لئلا يخرج منه شئ. فإذا فرغ من تكفينه حنطه بما ذكرته من الكافور ثم يجعل على سريره ويحمل إلى حفرته. ولا يجوز أن يقال: ارفقوا به أو ترحموا عليه، أو يضرب أحد يده على فخذيه عند المصيبة فيحبط أجره. فإن خرج منه شئ بعد الغسل فلا يعاد غسله لكن يغسل ما أصاب الكفن إلى أن يوضع في اللحد، فإن خرج منه شئ في لحده لم يغسل كفنه ولكن يقرض من كفنه ما أصابه الشئ الذي خرج منه، ويمد أحد الثوبين على الآخر.

For someone who cannot afford the weight of thirteen dirhams and one-third of camphor, the deceased should be embalmed with four mithqals (about 14 grams), If that is not possible, at least one mithqal (about 3.5 grams) should be used, as it is necessary. The Hunut (anointing with camphor) of a deceased man and a deceased woman is the same, and it is disliked that he use incense or follow the body with a censer, but the shroud is to be incensed (there is no harm in that). The camphor is to be daubed/applied to his eyes, nostrils, ears, lips, hands, knees, and all his joints, as well as on the places of prostration. If there is any remaining, it is placed on the chest. After completing the third washing of the deceased, the washer should wash their hands from the elbows to the fingers and cover the deceased with a cloth to dry the water. The water from the washing of the deceased must not be disposed of in a latrine or well ; it should instead be directed to drains or a pit. The deceased's nails should not be clipped, nor their mustache trimmed, nor any hair cut. If anything falls from the body, it should be included with the shroud. The washer then performs ablution, followed by a full-body wash, before placing the deceased in the shroud. Two palm stalks are placed with the deceased : one by the collarbone touching the skin and extending over the right side, and the other at the hip on the left side, between the shirt and the lower garment. The deceased is then wrapped in a shroud, with the left side folded over the right and vice versa. If desired, the upper shroud can be placed after the deceased is put in the grave, and they are then wrapped in a cloth, with the turban not tied like an Arab’s customary style, but rather having its ends placed on the chest. Before putting on the shirt, cotton mixed with ground fragrant herbs is placed around the lower body. Cotton is also placed over the front, with the legs pressed together and the thighs bound tightly with the lower garment to prevent anything from leaving the body. When the shrouding is complete, the embalming (Hunut) described earlier is performed. The body is then placed on a bier and carried to the grave. No one should say "Be gentle with him" or "Have mercy on him," nor strike their thighs in mourning, lest their reward is lost. If anything leaves the body after washing, the washing is not repeated; instead, the affected area of the shroud is cleaned until placed in the grave. If any discharge occurs in the grave, the affected part of the shroud is to be trimmed, and one of the other garments should be laid over the other.

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَنْ كَفَّنَ مُؤْمِناً فَكَأَنَّمَا ضَمِنَ كِسْوَتَهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ اَلْقِيَامَةِ وَ مَنْ حَفَرَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ قَبْراً فَكَأَنَّمَا بَوَّأَهُ بَيْتاً مُوَافِقاً إِلَى يَوْمِ اَلْقِيَامَةِ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Whoever shrouds a believer, it is as if they have guaranteed their clothing until the Day of Resurrection. And whoever digs a grave for a believer, it is as if they have prepared for them a suitable dwelling until the Day of Resurrection."

والجنب إذا مات غسل غسلا وحدا يجزي عنه لجنابته ولغسل الميت لأنهما حرمتان اجتمعتا في حرمة واحدة.

Regarding a person who dies in a state of major ritual impurity (janabah), one washing suffices for both removing the state of impurity and the washing of the deceased, as these two obligations converge into a single sanctity.

وَ سَأَلَ أَبُو اَلْجَارُودِ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُتَوَفَّى أَ تُقَلَّمُ أَظَافِيرُهُ وَ يُنْتَفُ إِبْطَاهُ وَ تُحْلَقُ عَانَتُهُ إِنْ طَالَتْ بِهِ مِنَ اَلْمَرَضِ فَقَالَ «لاَ.

Abu al-Jaroud asked Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) about a man who passed away: Should his nails be trimmed, his armpit hair plucked, or his pubic hair shaved if he had been bedridden for a long period? Imam (a.s) said: "No."

وإذا أسقطت المرأة وكان السقط تاما غسل حنط وكفن ودفن، وإن لم يكن تاما فلا غسل عليه ويدفن بدمه، وحد تمامه إذا أتى عليه أربعة أشهر. والكفن المفروض ثلاثة: قميص وإزار ولفافة سوى العمامة والخرقة فلا يعدان من الكفن فمن أحب أن يزيد زاد لفافتين حتى يبلغ العدد خمسة أثواب فلا بأس.

Regarding a woman who has a miscarriage, if the fetus is fully formed, it should be washed, embalmed, shrouded, and buried. If it is not fully formed, it does not require washing and is to be buried with its blood. The criterion for a fetus being fully formed is when it reaches four months (from conception). The obligatory shroud (Kafan) consists of three pieces: a shirt (Qamis), a loincloth (izar), and an outer covering (lifafah). The turban and cloth used for binding are not considered part of the required shroud, but for those who wish to add more, it is permissible to use up to five cloths.

وَ كُفِّنَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فِي ثَلاَثَةِ أَثْوَابٍ فِي بُرْدَتَيْنِ ظَفِرِيَّتَيْنِ مِنْ ثِيَابِ اَلْيَمَنِ وَ ثَوْبِ كُرْسُفٍ وَ هُوَ ثَوْبُ قُطْنٍ.

"The Prophet, was shrouded in three garments: two pieces of Yemeni cloth known as "Zafariyyah" and a garment made of cotton ‘Kursaf’ cloth."

وَ رُوِيَ: «أَنَّهُ حُنِّطَ بِمِثْقَالِ مِسْكٍ سِوَى اَلْكَافُورِ.

It is reported that the Prophet Muhammad (saws) was embalmed with a mithqal (a specific weight) of musk in addition to camphor.

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «كَتَبَ أَبِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ أَنْ أُكَفِّنَهُ فِي ثَلاَثَةِ أَثْوَابٍ أَحَدُهَا بُرْدٌ لَهُ حِبَرَةٌ كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ وَ ثَوْبٌ آخَرُ وَ قَمِيصٌ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "My father (a.s) wrote in his will that I should shroud him in three garments: one of them being a Yemeni cloth (hibarah) that he used to wear for Jumu’ah prayers, along with another cloth and a shirt (Qamis)."

وَ سُئِلَ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ أَ يُكَفَّنُ فِي ثَلاَثَةِ أَثْوَابٍ بِغَيْرِ قَمِيصٍ قَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ وَ اَلْقَمِيصُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ.

Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) was asked about a man who dies and whether he can be shrouded in three garments without a shirt (Qamis). Imam (a.s) said: "There is no problem with that, but having a shirt is more preferred to me."

وَ سَأَلَ عَمَّارُ بْنُ مُوسَى اَلسَّابَاطِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا مَاتَتْ فِي نِفَاسِهَا كَيْفَ تُغَسَّلُ قَالَ «تُغَسَّلُ مِثْلَ مَا تُغَسَّلُ اَلطَّاهِرَةُ وَ كَذَلِكَ اَلْحَائِضُ وَ كَذَلِكَ اَلْجُنُبُ إِنَّمَا يُغَسَّلُ غُسْلاً وَاحِداً.

Ammar ibn Musa al-Sabati asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a woman who dies in a state of postpartum bleeding (nifas). Imam (a.s) said: "She is washed just like a pure woman is washed, as is the case for a menstruating woman or someone in a state of major ritual impurity (janabah). They are washed with one washing."

وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو اَلْحَسَنِ اَلثَّالِثُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: هَلْ يُقَرَّبُ إِلَى اَلْمَيِّتِ اَلْمِسْكُ وَ اَلْبَخُورُ قَالَ «نَعَمْ.

Abu Al-Hasan al-Thalith, Imam Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Hadi (a.s) was asked whether musk and incense (bukhoor) should be brought near the deceased. Imam (a.s) replied: "Yes."

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلْمَرْأَةُ إِذَا مَاتَتْ نُفَسَاءَ وَ كَثُرَ دَمُهَا أُدْخِلَتْ إِلَى اَلسُّرَّةِ فِي اَلْأَدَمِ أَوْ مِثْلِ اَلْأَدَمِ وَ تُنَظَّفُ ثُمَّ يُحْشَى اَلْقُبُلُ وَ اَلدُّبُرُ ثُمَّ تُكَفَّنُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "If a woman dies in a state of postpartum bleeding (nifas) and her bleeding is heavy, She is washed up to the navel using a leather garment or something similar. Then She is cleaned thoroughly, and cotton is placed in the front and back (private areas), and She is shrouded afterward."

وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ تَمُوتُ مَعَ رِجَالٍ لَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ ذُو مَحْرَمٍ هَلْ يُغَسِّلُونَهَا وَ عَلَيْهَا ثِيَابُهَا فَقَالَ «إِذاً يُدْخَلَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لَكِنْ يَغْسِلُونَ كَفَّيْهَا.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about a woman who passes away among a group of men with no male relative (mahram) present. Should they wash her while She remains clothed? Imam (a.s) replied: "If they do that, it will be burdensome for them. Rather, they should wash only her hands."

وَ سَأَلَهُ عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ مَعَ اَلنِّسَاءِ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهُنَّ رَجُلٌ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعْنَ بِهِ قَالَ «يَلْفُفْنَهُ لَفّاً فِي ثِيَابِهِ وَ يَدْفِنَّهُ وَ لاَ يُغَسِّلْنَهُ.

Abdullah ibn Abi Ya’fur asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man who dies while traveling in the company of women, with no other men present. What should they do? Imam (a.s) replied: "They should wrap him in his clothes and bury him without washing him."

وَ سَأَلَهُ اَلْحَلَبِيُّ: عَنِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ تَمُوتُ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهَا ذُو مَحْرَمٍ وَ لاَ نِسَاءٌ قَالَ «تُدْفَنُ كَمَا هِيَ بِثِيَابِهَا » وَ اَلرَّجُلُ يَمُوتُ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ إِلاَّ اَلنِّسَاءُ لَيْسَ مَعَهُنَّ رِجَالٌ قَالَ «يَدْفِنَّهُ كَمَا هُوَ بِثِيَابِهِ.

Al-Halabi asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a woman who dies while traveling, with no male relative (mahram) or other women present. Imam (a.s) replied: "She should be buried as She is, in her clothes”. He (Halabi) asked; Regarding a man who dies with only women present and no other men. Imam said: "They should bury him as he is, in his clothes."

وَ سَأَلَهُ أَبُو اَلنُّمَيْرِ مَوْلَى اَلْحَارِثِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ فَقَالَ: حَدِّثْنِي عَنِ اَلصَّبِيِّ إِلَى كَمْ تُغَسِّلُهُ اَلنِّسَاءُ فَقَالَ «إِلَى ثَلاَثِ سِنِينَ.

Abu al-Numeir, the freed slave of al-Harith ibn al-Mughira, asked Imam Al-Sadiq (a.s): "Tell me about the age up to which a child can be washed by women." The Imam (a.s) replied: "Up to three years old."

وذكر شيخنا محمد بن الحسن - رضي الله عنه - في جامعه في الجارية تموت مع الرجال في السفر قال: إذا كانت ابنة أكثر من خمس سنين أو ست دفنت ولم تغسل، وإذا كانت ابنة أقل من خمس سنين غسلت، وذكر عن الحلبي حديثا في معناه عن الصادق عليه السلام.

Our Shaykh Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan mentioned in his book, ‘Al Jamiah’, a girl who dies among men during travel. If She is older than five or six years, She should be buried without washing. If She is younger than five years, She can be washed. He mentioned a related narration from Al-Halabi attributed to Imam Al-Sadiq.

وَ سَأَلَهُ مَنْصُورُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُسَافِرُ مَعَ اِمْرَأَتِهِ فَتَمُوتُ أَ يُغَسِّلُهَا قَالَ «نَعَمْ وَ أُمَّهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ وَ نَحْوَهُمَا يُلْقِي عَلَى عَوْرَتِهَا خِرْقَةً وَ يُغَسِّلُهَا.

Mansour ibn Hazim asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man traveling with his wife, and She dies. Should he wash her? Imam (a.s) replied: "Yes, as well as his mother, sister, and similar relatives. He should cover her private parts with a cloth and then perform the washing."

وَ سَأَلَهُ سَمَاعَةُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ إِلاَّ نِسَاءٌ فَقَالَ «تُغَسِّلُهُ اِمْرَأَةٌ ذَاتُ مَحْرَمٍ مِنْهُ وَ تَصُبُّ اَلنِّسَاءُ عَلَيْهِ اَلْمَاءَ وَ لاَ تَخْلَعُ ثَوْبَهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَتِ اِمْرَأَةٌ مَاتَتْ مَعَ رِجَالٍ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهُمُ اِمْرَأَةٌ وَ لاَ مَحْرَمٌ لَهَا فَلْتُدْفَنْ كَمَا هِيَ فِي ثِيَابِهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ مَعَهَا ذُو مَحْرَمٍ لَهَا غَسَّلَهَا مِنْ فَوْقِ ثِيَابِهَا.

Sama’a ibn Mehran asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man who dies and is only accompanied by women. Imam (a.s) replied: "A woman who is his mahram (close relative) should wash him, and the other women should pour water over him without removing his clothes. If it is a woman who dies among men, with no women or mahram present, She should be buried as She is in her clothing. If a mahram is present, he may wash her from over her clothes."

وَ سَأَلَهُ عَمَّارٌ اَلسَّابَاطِيُّ: عَنِ اَلصَّبِيَّةِ لاَ تُصَابُ اِمْرَأَةٌ تُغَسِّلُهَا قَالَ «يُغَسِّلُهَا أَوْلَى اَلنَّاسِ بِهَا مِنَ اَلرِّجَالِ.

Ammar al-Sabati asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a young girl for whom no woman is available to wash her. Imam (a.s) replied: "The one most closely related to her among the men should wash her."

وَ سَأَلَهُ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ اَلْمُسْلِمِ يَمُوتُ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ وَ مَعَهُ رِجَالٌ نَصَارَى وَ عَمَّتُهُ وَ خَالَتُهُ مُسْلِمَتَانِ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ فِي غُسْلِهِ قَالَ «تُغَسِّلُهُ عَمَّتُهُ وَ خَالَتُهُ فِي قَمِيصِهِ وَ لاَ تَقْرَبُهُ اَلنَّصَارَى » وَ عَنِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ تَمُوتُ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهَا اِمْرَأَةٌ مُسْلِمَةٌ وَ مَعَهَا نِسَاءٌ نَصَارَى وَ مَعَهَا عَمُّهَا وَ خَالُهَا مُسْلِمَانِ فَقَالَ «يُغَسِّلاَنِهَا وَ لاَ تَقْرَبُهَا اَلنَّصْرَانِيَّةُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهَا دِرْعٌ فَيُصَبُّ اَلْمَاءُ مِنْ فَوْقِ اَلدِّرْعِ.

The Imam was asked about a Muslim man who dies while traveling, with no other Muslim men present but with a group of Christian men and two Muslim women (his paternal aunt and maternal aunt). How should his washing be performed? Imam (a.s) replied: "His paternal aunt and maternal aunt should wash him while he is in his shirt, and the Christian men should not approach him”. Similarly, he was asked about a Muslim woman who dies while traveling, with no Muslim women present but accompanied by Christian women, along with her Muslim paternal uncle and maternal uncle. The Imam said: "Her uncles should wash her, but the Christian women should not approach her. She should wear a protective garment, and water should be poured over the garment."

وَ سَأَلَهُ: عَنِ اَلنَّصْرَانِيِّ يَكُونُ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ وَ هُوَ مَعَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَيَمُوتُ قَالَ «لاَ يُغَسِّلُهُ مُسْلِمٌ وَ لاَ يَدْفِنُهُ وَ لاَ كَرَامَةَ وَ لاَ يَقُومُ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَبَاهُ.

The Imam was asked about a Christian who dies while traveling among Muslims. Imam (a.s) said: "A Muslim should not wash him, nor bury him, nor give him any honor, and should not stand by his grave, even if he was his father."

وَ سَأَلَهُ اَلْمُفَضَّلُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي اَلْمَرْأَةِ تَكُونُ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ مَعَ اَلرِّجَالِ لَيْسَ فِيهِمْ لَهَا ذُو مَحْرَمٍ وَ لاَ مَعَهُمُ اِمْرَأَةٌ فَتَمُوتُ اَلْمَرْأَةُ مَا يُصْنَعُ بِهَا قَالَ «يُغْسَلُ مِنْهَا مَا أَوْجَبَ اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلتَّيَمُّمَ وَ لاَ تُمَسُّ وَ لاَ يُكْشَفُ لَهَا شَيْءٌ مِنْ مَحَاسِنِهَا اَلَّتِي أَمَرَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِسَتْرِهَا» فَقَالَ لَهُ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ بِهَا قَالَ «يُغْسَلُ بَاطِنُ كَفَّيْهَا ثُمَّ يُغْسَلُ وَجْهُهَا ثُمَّ يُغْسَلُ ظَهْرُ كَفَّيْهَا.

Al-Mufaddal ibn Umar asked Imam Al-Sadiq (a.s): "May I be your ransom, what is your ruling about a woman who dies while traveling with men, none of whom are her mahram (close relatives), and no women are present? What should be done with her?" Imam (a.s) replied: "Only those parts that Allah (swt) has required for tayammum (dry ablution) should be washed, and She should not be touched or any of her private features, which Allah (swt) has commanded to be covered, uncovered." He then asked: "How should it be done?" Imam (a.s) replied: "Her inner palms should be washed first, then her face, followed by washing the backs of her hands”.

وَ سَأَلَهُ عَمَّارُ بْنُ مُوسَى اَلسَّابَاطِيُّ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ وَ لاَ اِمْرَأَةٌ مُسْلِمَةٌ مِنْ ذَوِي قَرَابَتِهِ وَ مَعَهُ رِجَالٌ نَصَارَى وَ نِسَاءٌ مُسْلِمَاتٌ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُنَّ وَ بَيْنَهُ قَرَابَةٌ قَالَ «يَغْتَسِلُ اَلنَّصْرَانِيُّ ثُمَّ يُغَسِّلُهُ فَقَدِ اُضْطُرَّ.

Ammar ibn Musa al-Sabati asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man who dies and is accompanied by no Muslim men or female Muslim relatives. Instead, there are Christian men and Muslim women unrelated to him. The Imam said: "The Christian man should first perform ghusl (ritual washing for himself), then wash the deceased, as it is a case of necessity”.

وَ سَأَلَهُ: عَنِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ اَلْمُسْلِمَةِ تَمُوتُ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهَا اِمْرَأَةٌ مُسْلِمَةٌ وَ لاَ رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ ذَوِي قَرَابَتِهَا وَ مَعَهَا نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ رِجَالٌ مُسْلِمُونَ فَقَالَ «تَغْتَسِلُ اَلنَّصْرَانِيَّةُ ثُمَّ تُغَسِّلُهَا.

The Imam was asked about a Muslim woman who dies and is accompanied by no Muslim women or male Muslim relatives, but there is Christian woman and Muslim men present. Imam (a.s) replied: "The Christian woman should first perform ghusl (ritual washing for herself), and then She should wash the deceased."

وخمسة ينتظر بهم ثلاثة أيام إلا أن يتغيروا: الغريق، والمصعوق، والمبطون، والمهدوم، والمدخن. والمجدور إذا مات يصيب عليه الماء صبا إذا خيف أن يسقط من جلده شئ عند المس وكذلك الكسير والمحترق والذي به القروح.

And five categories of deceased individuals can be kept for three days before burial unless their bodies begin to decompose : hose who have drowned, those struck by lightning, those who died of stomach-related ailments, buried under rubble, and those who died from smoke inhalation. For someone who has died of smallpox (or similar contagious diseases), water should be poured over the body without touching it if there is a fear that touching would cause the skin to detach. The same applies to individuals with broken limbs, burns, or severe sores.

وَقَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِذَا مَاتَ اَلْمَيِّتُ فِي اَلْبَحْرِ غُسِّلَ وَ حُنِّطَ وَ كُفِّنَ ثُمَّ يُوثَقُ فِي رِجْلِهِ حَجَرٌ وَ يُرْمَى بِهِ فِي اَلْمَاءِ.

The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said: "When a person dies at sea, they are washed, anointed (with Hunut), and shrouded. Then a stone should be tied to their leg, and they should be cast into the water."

وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ: «أَنَّهُ يُجْعَلُ فِي خَابِيَةٍ وَ يُوكَى رَأْسُهَا وَ يُرْمَى بِهَا فِي اَلْمَاءِ.

It has been narrated that a deceased person should be placed in a large jar (khabiyah), which is then sealed, and the jar is thrown into the water.

هذا كله إذا لم يقدر على الشط.

This applies when it is not possible to reach the shore.

وَقَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلْمَرْجُومُ وَ اَلْمَرْجُومَةُ يُغَسَّلاَنِ وَ يُحَنَّطَانِ وَ يُلْبَسَانِ اَلْكَفَنَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ يُرْجَمَانِ وَ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِمَا وَ اَلْمُقْتَصُّ مِنْهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ ذَلِكَ يُغَسَّلُ وَ يُحَنَّطُ وَ يُلْبَسُ اَلْكَفَنَ ثُمَّ يُقَادُ وَ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ.

The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said : "The man and woman sentenced to stoning should be washed, embalmed, and dressed in shrouds before being stoned, then they are to be stoned and prayers are to be offered for them (Salat Al Janazah). The person subject to retaliation (Qisas) is treated similarly: they should be washed, embalmed, and dressed in shrouds before the execution, and funeral prayers should be offered for them (Salat Al Janazah).

فإذا كان الميت مصلوبا أنزل عن الخشبة بعد ثلاثة أيام وغسل وكفن ودفن ولا يجوز صلبه أكثر من ثلاثة أيام.

If the deceased was crucified, they should be taken down after three days, washed, shrouded, and buried. It is not permissible for the crucifixion to last more than three days.

وَ سَأَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ أَخَاهُ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَأْكُلُهُ اَلسَّبُعُ أَوِ اَلطَّيْرُ فَتَبْقَى عِظَامُهُ بِغَيْرِ لَحْمٍ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ بِهِ قَالَ «يُغَسَّلُ وَ يُكَفَّنُ وَ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَ يُدْفَنُ.

Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) about a man who has been devoured by a wild animal or birds, leaving only his bones without flesh. He asked what should be done in such a case. Imam (a.s) replied: "He should be washed, shrouded, funeral prayers should be offered for him, and he should be buried”.

وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ: «إِنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لَمْ يُغَسِّلْ، عَمَّارَ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ وَ لاَ هَاشِمَ بْنَ عُتْبَةَ وَ هُوَ اَلْمِرْقَالُ وَ دَفَنَهُمَا فِي ثِيَابِهِمَا بِدِمَائِهِمَا وَ لَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمَا.

In another report, "Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s), did not wash Ammar ibn Yasir and Hashim ibn Utbah (known as al-Mirqal). He buried them in their clothing with their blood and did not offer funeral prayers for them”.

هكذا روى، لكن الأصل أن لا يترك أحد من الأمة إذا مات بغير صلاة.

This is how it was narrated, it is understood that no member of the community should be left without a funeral prayer upon their death.

وَ رَوَى أَبُو مَرْيَمَ اَلْأَنْصَارِيُّ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ - «اَلشَّهِيدُ إِذَا كَانَ بِهِ رَمَقٌ غُسِّلَ وَ كُفِّنَ وَ حُنِّطَ وَ صُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِ رَمَقٌ كُفِّنَ فِي أَثْوَابِهِ.

Abu Mariam Al-Ansari narrated that Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "If a martyr has a remaining breath (sign of life), then he should be washed, shrouded, embalmed, and funeral prayers should be offered for him. But if there is no remaining breath, he should be shrouded in his own clothes."

وَ سَأَلَهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ تَغْلِبَ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُقْتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ أَ يُغَسَّلُ وَ يُكَفَّنُ وَ يُحَنَّطُ فَقَالَ «يُدْفَنُ كَمَا هُوَ فِي ثِيَابِهِ بِدَمِهِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ بِهِ رَمَقٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ بِهِ رَمَقٌ ثُمَّ مَاتَ فَإِنَّهُ يُغَسَّلُ وَ يُكَفَّنُ وَ يُحَنَّطُ وَ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ صَلَّى عَلَى حَمْزَةَ وَ كَفَّنَهُ وَ حَنَّطَهُ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ جُرِّدَ.

Aban ibn Taghlib asked Him about a man who is killed in the path of Allah (swt): Should he be washed, shrouded, and embalmed (with Hunut)?" Imam (a.s) replied: "He should be buried as he is, in his clothing with his blood, unless there is a sign of life remaining. If he has a sign of life and then dies, he should be washed, shrouded, embalmed, and the funeral prayer should be offered for him. This is because the Messenger of Allah (saws) prayed over Hamza, shrouded him, and embalmed him because he had been stripped (of his clothing)”.

وَ اُسْتُشْهِدَ حَنْظَلَةُ بْنُ أَبِي عَامِرٍ اَلرَّاهِبُ بِأُحُدٍ فَلَمْ يَأْمُرِ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ بِغُسْلِهِ وَقَالَ «رَأَيْتُ اَلْمَلاَئِكَةَ بَيْنَ اَلسَّمَاءِ وَ اَلْأَرْضِ تُغَسِّلُ، حَنْظَلَةَ بِمَاءِ اَلْمُزْنِ فِي صِحَافٍ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ وَ كَانَ يُسَمَّى غَسِيلَ اَلْمَلاَئِكَةِ.

Hanzalah ibn Abu 'Amir, known as "the Rahib," was martyred at the Battle of Uhud. The Prophet Muhammad (saws) did not command that he be washed, saying: "I saw the angels washing Hanzalah with water from the clouds, using silver vessels." Because of this, he was given the title "Ghasil al-Malaika" (The One Washed by the Angels).

وَقَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «يُنْزَعُ عَنِ اَلشَّهِيدِ اَلْفَرْوُ وَ اَلْخُفُّ وَ اَلْقَلَنْسُوَةُ وَ اَلْعِمَامَةُ وَ اَلْمِنْطَقَةُ وَ اَلسَّرَاوِيلُ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَصَابَهُ دَمٌ فَإِنْ أَصَابَهُ دَمٌ تُرِكَ وَ لاَ يُتْرَكُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ مَعْقُودٌ إِلاَّ حُلَّ.

The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said: "From a martyr, the fur, shoes, cap, turban, belt, and trousers should be removed, unless they have been stained with blood ; if they are stained with blood, they are to be left on. No tied item should remain on the body; it must be untied."

والمحرم إذا مات غسل وكفن ودفن وعمل به ما يعمل بالمحل إلا أنه لا يقربه الكافور. وقتيل المعركة في غير طاعة الله عز وجل يغسل كما يغسل الميت، ويضم (رأسه إلى عنقه، ويغسل مع البدن. وإذا ماتت المرأة وهي حامل وولدها يتحرك في بطنها شق بطنها من الجانب الأيسر وأخرج الولد، وإن مات الولد في جوفها ولم يخرج وهي حية أدخل إنسان يده في فرجها وقطع الولد بيده وأخرجه.

Regarding a person in a state of ihram (ritual consecration during Hajj or Umrah) who dies, they should be washed, shrouded, and buried with all the rites performed for someone not in ihram, except that camphor should not be used. A person killed in battle not in obedience to Allah (swt), the Exalted, should be washed like any deceased person, and if their head has been severed, it should be joined to the body and washed together. In the case of a woman who dies while pregnant, if the fetus is moving in her womb, the left side of her abdomen should be opened, and the child removed. If the child dies inside her and does not come out while She is alive, a person should reach in through the birth canal, cut the child into pieces, and extract it.

وَ رُوِيَ: «أَنَّهُ لَمَّا قُبِضَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ اَلْبَاقِرُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لَمْ يَزَلْ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَأْمُرُ بِالسِّرَاجِ فِي اَلْبَيْتِ اَلَّذِي كَانَ يَسْكُنُهُ حَتَّى قُبِضَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ أَبُو اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ فِي بَيْتِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ حَتَّى أُخْرِجَ بِهِ إِلَى اَلْعِرَاقِ ثُمَّ لاَ يُدْرَى مَا كَانَ.

It has been narrated that when Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) passed away, Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) continued to have a lamp lit in the room where Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) lived, until Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) also passed away. Then Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) also instructed to do the same in the room of Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) to remain lit until He was taken to Iraq, after which it is unknown what happened”.

ومن كان جنبا وأراد أن يغسل الميت فليتوضأ وضوء الصلاة ثم يغسله. ومن أراد الجماع بعد غسله للميت فليتوضأ ثم يجامع. وإن غسل ميت فخرج منه دم كثير لا ينقطع فإنه يجعل عليه الطين الحر فإنه ينقطع.

Regarding a person in a state of major ritual impurity (janabah) who wishes to wash a deceased person, they should perform ablution (wudu) as for prayer before washing the body. If someone wishes to engage in marital relations after washing the deceased, they should perform ablution before doing so. If a deceased person is washed and a significant amount of blood continues to flow from the body without stopping, then clean clay should be applied, as it will stop the bleeding.

وَ سَأَلَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَ يَغْتَسِلُ مَنْ غَسَّلَ اَلْمَيِّتَ قَالَ «نَعَمْ» قَالَ فَمَنْ أَدْخَلَهُ اَلْقَبْرَ قَالَ «لاَ إِنَّمَا مَسَّ اَلثِّيَابَ.

Sulayman ibn Khalid asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s): "Does one who washes the deceased need to perform ghusl (ritual purification)?" Imam (a.s) replied: "Yes." He then asked: "What about someone who places the deceased in the grave?" Imam (a.s) replied: "No, because he only touches the clothing."

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لَمَّا مَاتَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ أَمَرْتُ بِهِ وَ هُوَ مُسَجًّى أَنْ يُكْشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ فَقَبَّلْتُ جَبْهَتَهُ وَ ذَقَنَهُ وَ نَحْرَهُ ثُمَّ أَمَرْتُ بِهِ فَغُطِّيَ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ اِكْشِفُوا عَنْهُ فَقَبَّلْتُ أَيْضاً جَبْهَتَهُ وَ ذَقَنَهُ وَ نَحْرَهُ ثُمَّ أَمَرْتُهُمْ فَغَطَّوْهُ ثُمَّ أَمَرْتُ بِهِ فَغُسِّلَ ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَ قَدْ كُفِّنَ فَقُلْتُ اِكْشِفُوا عَنْ وَجْهِهِ فَقَبَّلْتُ جَبْهَتَهُ وَ ذَقَنَهُ وَ نَحْرَهُ وَ عَوَّذْتُهُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ أَدْرِجُوهُ فَقِيلَ لَهُ بِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ عَوَّذْتَهُ فَقَالَ بِالْقُرْآنِ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "When (my son) Ismail died, I ordered that his body, while covered, be uncovered so that I could kiss his forehead, chin, and neck. Then, I had him covered again and later ordered that he be uncovered a second time, and I kissed his forehead, chin, and neck once more. Then, I had him covered again. After that, I instructed that he be washed. When the washing was completed, I entered while he was being shrouded and said: 'Uncover his face,' and I kissed his forehead, chin, and neck and then recited protective supplications over him. I then said: 'Wrap him.' Someone asked: 'With what did you offer the protective supplication?' Imam (a.s) replied: 'With the Qur'an.'"

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَبَّلَ، عُثْمَانَ بْنَ مَظْعُونٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "The Messenger of Allah (saws) kissed ‘Uthman ibn Maz'un after his death."