 The Cleansing Quality of Water

The Quantity of Water that Always Remains Clean

The Case of a Small Quantity of Water, the Water with a Dead Body in it and its use by a Man to Wash His Dirty Hand in it

The Case of a Well and Things that May Fall in It (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 2-12 as well as the following chapter.)

A Well near a Cesspool

Taking Wudu’ With Water from Which Animals, Beasts and Birds Have Drunk

Taking Wudu’ with the Water from Which a Woman during Her Hayd (menses), People After Having Carnal Relations, a Jew, a Christian or a Person Hostile toward ’A’immah Has Drunk (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 4-6 of this chapter.)

A Man Places His Hand in the Water before Washing, the Limit of Washing Hands Because of Carnal Relations, Urination, Feces and Sleeping

Mixing of Rain Water with Urine, with Water Used for Taking Ghusl (bath) Because of Carnal Relations, Touching of One’s Cloth with Water Used for Washing Because of Urine

Water of Bath Houses and Water Heated by the Sun’s Rays

Places Not Desirable to Use as a Lavatory

Expressions to Say When Entering a Lavatory and When Coming Out

Draining Urine, Washing and If One Does Not Find Water

The Quantity of Water Required for Wudu’, Showers and One Who Is Excessive in the Use of Water for Wudu’

Brushing One’s Teeth

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils

Description of Wudu’

The Area of the Face and Hands to be Washed for Wudu’

Wiping of Head and Feet

Wiping Over the Shoes

Bandages and Wounds

Facing Doubts about Wudu’ Forgetting or Mixing Proper Order

Matters that Invalidate or Do not Invalidate Wudu’

One’s Stepping over Feces or Other Such Things

Certain Fluid, Which Is Other than Urine and Semen

Kinds of Ghusl (bath)

Matters Covered by Ghusl (bath)

Necessity of Ghusl (bath) on Friday

Description of Ghusl (bath), Wudu’ Before or Thereafter and a Man’s Ghusl (bath) in an Improper Place, Expressions to Say During Taking Ghusl (bath) and Moving a Ring During Ghusl (bath)

Reason Necessitating Ghusl (bath) for Men and Women

Wet Dreams of Men and Women

Finding Fluid Coming Out after Ghusl (bath)

One after Carnal Relations Eats, Drinks, Reads, Enters a Masjid, Dyes Hair, Uses Fragrance and So On

One after Carnal Relation Sweats in His Clothes, Clothes Touch His Wet Body

Semen or Al-Madhiy Comes in Contact with One’s Clothes or Body

Urine Comes in Contact with One’s Clothes or Body

Urine of Animals and Their Dung

Clothes Come in Contact with Blood and Pus

Dogs Touching Clothes, Body and So On

Description of Tayammum

When Tayammum Is Necessary and Finding Water Thereafter

One’s having Little Water on a Journey but Is Afraid of Facing Thirst

One’s Experiencing Carnal Relations and Having Only Ice

Taking Tayammum with Clay

Bandages, Injuries, One’s Suffering from Smallpox and or Experiencing Carnal Relations

Rare Ahadith about Wudu’

Chapters on Hayd (menses)

Minimum and Maximum Duration of Hayd

Women’s Experiencing Hayd After or Before Their Date of Hayd

Women Observe Yellowish Blood Before or After Hayd (menses)

First Time Hayd (menses)

Examining if Hayd (menses) has Ended or Not

Taking Ghusl (bath) Because of Hayd and the Kind of Water Needed

Women Find Blood after Sexual Relation

Comprehensive Instructions About Hayd (menses) and Istihadah (irregular menses)

Signs for Differentiating Between Blood of Hayd and Istihadah

Differentiating Among Blood of Hayd, Virginity or a Wound

Pregnant Woman Finds Blood

Blood Because of Childbirth

Blood Discharge after a Woman’s Experiencing Discharge-Free Period after Childbirth and Blood Discharge before Birth or after Childbirth

Matters Necessary for Women during Hayd at the Times of Salah (prayer)

Women Find Hayd Blood after the Coming of the Time for a Salah (Prayer) Before Performing It Or Become Clean Before the Coming of the Time for a Salah (Prayer) But Are Too Lazy for Ghusl (bath)

Women Feel Hayd during Salah (Prayer)

Women Must Make-up-for Fasting Because of Hayd but Not Salah (Prayer) 

Women’s Reading the Holy Quran During Hayd or Child-birth 

Women during Hayd Can Pick up Things from a Masjid but Must Not Leave Anything Therein

Women’s Hayd (menses) Stops, Comes Again and the Time of Menopause

Women’s Using Medicine to Have Hayd (menses) after It Stops 

Using Dye during Hayd (menses) 

Washing Clothes of Women during Hayd 

Women During Hayd Pick up Prayer Rug or Water 

Causes of Death and that Believing People May Die by any Manner of Dying 

The Reward for a Person Suffering from Illness 

Another Section on the Same Subject 

The Limits of Complaints 

A Patient’s Giving Permission to His Visitors 

How Often a Patient Should Be Visited, How Long the Duration of Visitation Should Be and Complete Visit 

The Limit of a Sudden Death 

The Virtue (Reward) of Visiting a Patient 

Dictations to a Dying Person

Difficulty in Dying (If Dying Becomes Difficult and the Agony of Death Intense) 

Facing the Dying Person Toward Qiblah

A Believing Person Is Not Caused to Die Against His Will

Things that Believers and Unbelievers See in Dying Conditions

Taking out of the Souls of Believing and Unbelievers

Burial Should Take Place Immediately

Rare Ahadith

Women during Hayd Nurse a Patient (The following chapters are about rules of washing a dead body for burial, shrouding and other matters of burial, and are best explained in the form of fatwa. Consult current fatwa about them.)

Washing a Dead Body

Hunut (Rubbing Camphor) on a Dead Body and Shrouding

Shrouding a Deceased Women

Undesirability of Perfuming the Shroud or Warming Water for Washing Dead Bodies

The Desirable Pieces of Shroud and the Undesirable Ones

The Amount of Water Needed for Ghusl (bath) of a Deceased Person

The Two Fresh Al-Jaridah (Twigs of Palm Tree)

Persons Dead Without Shower Due to Carnal Relations Hayd or Child Birth Reasons

Chapter 26- Dead Woman with a Baby Moving Inside Her

Cutting of Nails and Hairs of Dead Person Undesirable

Things Coming Out of a Dead Body after Ghusl (bath)

Washing of Persons of opposite Gender

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) لَيْسَ فِي يَوْمِ الْفِطْرِ وَالأضْحَى أَذَانٌ وَلاَ إِقَامَةٌ أَذَانُهُمَا طُلُوعُ الشَّمْسِ إِذَا طَلَعَتْ خَرَجُوا وَلَيْسَ قَبْلَهُمَا وَلاَ بَعْدَهُمَا صَلاَةٌ وَمَنْ لَمْ يُصَلِّ مَعَ إِمَامٍ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَلاَ صَلاَةَ لَهُ وَلاَ قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ’Udhaynah from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘There Adhan or ‘Iqamah is not for the day of al-Fitr and al- Adha’. Adhan for it is sunrise. When it is sunrise, they go out. There is not any Salah (prayer) before or after it. If one does not perform Salah (prayer) with an Imam in congregation, there is not any Salah (prayer) for him and performing Qada’ (compensatory prayer) also is not necessary for him.” 

2ـ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ لاَ صَلاَةَ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَالأضْحَى إِلاَّ مَعَ إِمَامٍ.

2. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman from Ma‘mar ibn Yahya who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘There is not any Salah (prayer) on the day of al-Fitr or al- Adha’ except with Imam.”’ 

3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ صَلاَةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ فَقَالَ رَكْعَتَانِ لَيْسَ قَبْلَهُمَا وَلاَ بَعْدَهُمَا شَيْ‏ءٌ وَلَيْسَ فِيهِمَا أَذَانٌ وَلاَ إِقَامَةٌ يُكَبِّرُ فِيهِمَا اثْنَتَيْ عَشَرَ تَكْبِيرَةً يَبْدَأُ فَيُكَبِّرُ وَيَفْتَتِحُ الصَّلاَةَ ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَيهَا ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ خَمْسَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ وَيَرْكَعُ فَيَكُونُ يَرْكَعُ بِالسَّابِعَةِ ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ سَجْدَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَيَقْرَأُ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ وَهَلْ أَتَيكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ أَرْبَعَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ وَيَسْجُدُ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَيَتَشَهَّدُ وَيُسَلِّمُ قَالَ وَكَذَلِكَ صَنَعَ رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَالْخُطْبَةُ بَعْدَ الصَّلاَةِ إِنَّمَا أَحْدَثَ الْخُطْبَةَ قَبْلَ الصَّلاَةِ عُثْمَانُ وَإِذَا خَطَبَ الإِمَامُ فَلْيَقْعُدْ بَيْنَ الْخُطْبَتَيْنِ قَلِيلاً وَيَنْبَغِي لِلإِمَامِ أَنْ يَلْبَسَ يَوْمَ الْعِيدَيْنِ بُرْداً وَيَعْتَمَّ شَاتِياً كَانَ أَوْ قَائِظاً وَيَخْرُجُ إِلَى الْبَرِّ حَيْثُ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى آفَاقِ السَّمَاءِ وَلاَ يُصَلِّي عَلَى حَصِيرٍ وَلاَ يَسْجُدُ عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) يَخْرُجُ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ فَيُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ.

3. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Mu‘awiyah who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about Salah (prayer) of both ‘Id. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is a two Rak‘at and there is not anything before or after them. Adhan or ‘Iqamah is not required. There are twelve Takbir (Allah is great beyond description). When Takbir is said and Salah (prayer) is commenced, he then recites al-Fatihah al-Kitab, then wa al-Shams and Duha’ha’ (Chapter 91), then says five Takbir. After saying Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) he performs Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees), so he performs Ruku‘ after the seventh Takbir. He then performs two Sajdah (prostration), then stands up and recites al-Fatihah al-Kitab and Hal Ataka Hadith al-Ghashiyah (chapter 88), then says four Takbir, performs two Sajdah (prostration), says Tashahhud (testimonies of belief) and Salam (the phrase of offering greeting of peace). He (the Imam) said, ‘This is how the Messenger of Allah did. The sermon is after Salah (prayer). ‘Uthman was the one who initiated it before Salah (prayer). When the Imam delivers the sermon he sits down between the two sermons for a short time. It is proper for the Imam to wear burd (a certain kind of gown) on both ‘Id days and a shatiy turban or Qa’iz (certain kinds of fabrics). He goes out in the open so he can see the horizons of the sky. He does not perform Salah (prayer) on a mat or Sajdah (prostration) on it. The Messenger of Allah would go to al-Baqi‘ and perform Salah (prayer) with people.’” 

4ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ لَيْثٍ الْمُرَادِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ قِيلَ لِرَسُولِ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) يَوْمَ فِطْرٍ أَوْ يَوْمَ أَضْحًى لَوْ صَلَّيْتَ فِي مَسْجِدِكَ فَقَالَ إِنِّي لأُحِبُّ أَنْ أَبْرُزَ إِلَى آفَاقِ السَّمَاءِ.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from al-Mufaddal ibn Salih from Layth al-Muradiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once it was said to the Messenger of Allah, ‘Would that you perform Salah (prayer) on al-Fitr or al-Adha’ days in your Masjid!’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘I love to come out for the horizons of the sky.’” 

5ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) فِي صَلاَةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ قَالَ يُكَبِّرُ ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ خَمْساً وَيَقْنُتُ بَيْنَ كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ السَّابِعَةَ وَيَرْكَعُ بِهَا ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ فَيَقْرَأُ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ أَرْبَعاً فَيَقْنُتُ بَيْنَ كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ وَيَرْكَعُ بِهَا.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Salah (prayer) of both ‘Id commences with Takbir (Allah is great beyond description). There is then the recitation, then five Takbir, and there is Qunut (supplication) between each two Takbir. Then is the seventh Takbir, then Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees), then Sajdah (prostration), then he (the Imam) stands up for the second Rak‘at. He recites, then says four Takbir with Qunut (supplication) between every two Takbir, then says Takbir and performs Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees).”’ 

6ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) أَنْ يُخْرَجَ السِّلاَحُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَدُوٌّ حَاضِرٌ.

6. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Ja‘far has narrated from his father (a.s.), who has said that the Messenger of Allah prohibited taking out arms on both days of ‘Id unless enemy was present.’” 

7ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الله عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ أُتِيَ أَبِي بِالْخُمْرَةِ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ فَأَمَرَ بِرَدِّهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ هَذَا يَوْمٌ كَانَ رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَى آفَاقِ السَّمَاءِ وَيَضَعَ وَجْهَهُ عَلَى الأرْضِ.

7. Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Rib‘i ibn ‘Abd Allah from al-Fadl ibn Yasar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘On the day of al-Fitr al-Khumrah (mat) was brought for my father but he commanded to return it and then said, “This is a day on which the Messenger of Allah loved to look at the horizons of the sky and place his face on earth.’”” 

8ـ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ اجْتَمَعَ عِيدَانِ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ ثُمَّ قَالَ هَذَا يَوْمٌ اجْتَمَعَ فِيهِ عِيدَانِ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ مَعَنَا فَلْيَفْعَلْ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ فَإِنَّ لَهُ رُخْصَةً يَعْنِي مَنْ كَانَ مُتَنَحِّياً.

8. Al-Flusayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from Salamah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘During the time of ’Amir al-Mu’minin two ‘Id happened on one day. ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), delivered a sermon and said, “This is a day in which two ‘Id have taken place. Those who love can join us and those who do not want to join us, they have permission to do so”, meaning those who keep aside.’” 

9ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَاتَتْهُ رَكْعَةٌ مَعَ الإِمَامِ مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ أَيَّامَ التَّشْرِيقِ قَالَ يُتِمُّ الصَّلاَةَ وَيُكَبِّرُ.

9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who has missed one Rak‘at of Salah (prayer) with Imam on the days of al-Tashriq (11,12 and 13 of Dhul Hajj). He (the Imam) said, ‘He must complete Salah (prayer) and say Takbir (Allah is great beyond description).”’ 

10ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى رَفَعَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ السُّنَّةُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الأمْصَارِ أَنْ يَبْرُزُوا مِنْ أَمْصَارِهِمْ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ إِلاَّ أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ فَإِنَّهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ.

10. Muhammad ibn Yahya in a marfu‘ manner has narrated from the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is of Sunnah for the people of the cities to go out in the open on both ‘Id days except people of Makkah; they perform Salah (prayer) in Masjid al-Haram.’” 

11ـ مُحَمَّدٌ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الله عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْهَاشِمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ رَكْعَتَانِ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ لَيْسَ تُصَلَّيَانِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ إِلاَّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ يُصَلِّي فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فِي الْعِيدِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ إِلاَّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ لأَنَّ رَسُولَ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فَعَلَهُ. 

11. Muhammad ibn al-Flassan ibn Ali ibn ‘Abd Allah has narrated from al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Amir from Aban from Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al- Flashimiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘There are two Rak‘at Salah (prayer) which are of Sunnah but they are not performed anywhere else except in a certain place of al-Madinah.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is performed in Masjid of the Messenger of Allah on ‘Id before going out to the place for Salah (prayer). It is not done anywhere else except al-Madinah; the Messenger of Allah did so.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 3

Book 4, Chapter 88