 The Cleansing Quality of Water

The Quantity of Water that Always Remains Clean

The Case of a Small Quantity of Water, the Water with a Dead Body in it and its use by a Man to Wash His Dirty Hand in it

The Case of a Well and Things that May Fall in It (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 2-12 as well as the following chapter.)

A Well near a Cesspool

Taking Wudu’ With Water from Which Animals, Beasts and Birds Have Drunk

Taking Wudu’ with the Water from Which a Woman during Her Hayd (menses), People After Having Carnal Relations, a Jew, a Christian or a Person Hostile toward ’A’immah Has Drunk (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 4-6 of this chapter.)

A Man Places His Hand in the Water before Washing, the Limit of Washing Hands Because of Carnal Relations, Urination, Feces and Sleeping

Mixing of Rain Water with Urine, with Water Used for Taking Ghusl (bath) Because of Carnal Relations, Touching of One’s Cloth with Water Used for Washing Because of Urine

Water of Bath Houses and Water Heated by the Sun’s Rays

Places Not Desirable to Use as a Lavatory

Expressions to Say When Entering a Lavatory and When Coming Out

Draining Urine, Washing and If One Does Not Find Water

The Quantity of Water Required for Wudu’, Showers and One Who Is Excessive in the Use of Water for Wudu’

Brushing One’s Teeth

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils

Description of Wudu’

The Area of the Face and Hands to be Washed for Wudu’

Wiping of Head and Feet

Wiping Over the Shoes

Bandages and Wounds

Facing Doubts about Wudu’ Forgetting or Mixing Proper Order

Matters that Invalidate or Do not Invalidate Wudu’

One’s Stepping over Feces or Other Such Things

Certain Fluid, Which Is Other than Urine and Semen

Kinds of Ghusl (bath)

Matters Covered by Ghusl (bath)

Necessity of Ghusl (bath) on Friday

Description of Ghusl (bath), Wudu’ Before or Thereafter and a Man’s Ghusl (bath) in an Improper Place, Expressions to Say During Taking Ghusl (bath) and Moving a Ring During Ghusl (bath)

Reason Necessitating Ghusl (bath) for Men and Women

Wet Dreams of Men and Women

Finding Fluid Coming Out after Ghusl (bath)

One after Carnal Relations Eats, Drinks, Reads, Enters a Masjid, Dyes Hair, Uses Fragrance and So On

One after Carnal Relation Sweats in His Clothes, Clothes Touch His Wet Body

Semen or Al-Madhiy Comes in Contact with One’s Clothes or Body

Urine Comes in Contact with One’s Clothes or Body

Urine of Animals and Their Dung

Clothes Come in Contact with Blood and Pus

Dogs Touching Clothes, Body and So On

Description of Tayammum

When Tayammum Is Necessary and Finding Water Thereafter

One’s having Little Water on a Journey but Is Afraid of Facing Thirst

One’s Experiencing Carnal Relations and Having Only Ice

Taking Tayammum with Clay

Bandages, Injuries, One’s Suffering from Smallpox and or Experiencing Carnal Relations

Rare Ahadith about Wudu’

Chapters on Hayd (menses)

Minimum and Maximum Duration of Hayd

Women’s Experiencing Hayd After or Before Their Date of Hayd

Women Observe Yellowish Blood Before or After Hayd (menses)

First Time Hayd (menses)

Examining if Hayd (menses) has Ended or Not

Taking Ghusl (bath) Because of Hayd and the Kind of Water Needed

Women Find Blood after Sexual Relation

Comprehensive Instructions About Hayd (menses) and Istihadah (irregular menses)

Signs for Differentiating Between Blood of Hayd and Istihadah

Differentiating Among Blood of Hayd, Virginity or a Wound

Pregnant Woman Finds Blood

Blood Because of Childbirth

Blood Discharge after a Woman’s Experiencing Discharge-Free Period after Childbirth and Blood Discharge before Birth or after Childbirth

Matters Necessary for Women during Hayd at the Times of Salah (prayer)

Women Find Hayd Blood after the Coming of the Time for a Salah (Prayer) Before Performing It Or Become Clean Before the Coming of the Time for a Salah (Prayer) But Are Too Lazy for Ghusl (bath)

Women Feel Hayd during Salah (Prayer)

Women Must Make-up-for Fasting Because of Hayd but Not Salah (Prayer) 

Women’s Reading the Holy Quran During Hayd or Child-birth 

Women during Hayd Can Pick up Things from a Masjid but Must Not Leave Anything Therein

Women’s Hayd (menses) Stops, Comes Again and the Time of Menopause

Women’s Using Medicine to Have Hayd (menses) after It Stops 

Using Dye during Hayd (menses) 

Washing Clothes of Women during Hayd 

Women During Hayd Pick up Prayer Rug or Water 

Causes of Death and that Believing People May Die by any Manner of Dying 

The Reward for a Person Suffering from Illness 

Another Section on the Same Subject 

The Limits of Complaints 

A Patient’s Giving Permission to His Visitors 

How Often a Patient Should Be Visited, How Long the Duration of Visitation Should Be and Complete Visit 

The Limit of a Sudden Death 

The Virtue (Reward) of Visiting a Patient 

Dictations to a Dying Person

Difficulty in Dying (If Dying Becomes Difficult and the Agony of Death Intense) 

Facing the Dying Person Toward Qiblah

A Believing Person Is Not Caused to Die Against His Will

Things that Believers and Unbelievers See in Dying Conditions

Taking out of the Souls of Believing and Unbelievers

Burial Should Take Place Immediately

Rare Ahadith

Women during Hayd Nurse a Patient (The following chapters are about rules of washing a dead body for burial, shrouding and other matters of burial, and are best explained in the form of fatwa. Consult current fatwa about them.)

Washing a Dead Body

Hunut (Rubbing Camphor) on a Dead Body and Shrouding

Shrouding a Deceased Women

Undesirability of Perfuming the Shroud or Warming Water for Washing Dead Bodies

The Desirable Pieces of Shroud and the Undesirable Ones

The Amount of Water Needed for Ghusl (bath) of a Deceased Person

The Two Fresh Al-Jaridah (Twigs of Palm Tree)

Persons Dead Without Shower Due to Carnal Relations Hayd or Child Birth Reasons

Chapter 26- Dead Woman with a Baby Moving Inside Her

Cutting of Nails and Hairs of Dead Person Undesirable

Things Coming Out of a Dead Body after Ghusl (bath)

Washing of Persons of opposite Gender

1ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ نُعَيْمٍ الصَّحَّافِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) إِنَّ أُمَّ وَلَدِي تَرَى الدَّمَ وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ بِالصَّلاَةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ لِي إِذَا رَأَتِ الْحَامِلُ الدَّمَ بَعْدَ مَا تَمْضِي عِشْرُونَ يَوْماً مِنَ الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي كَانَتْ تَرَى فِيهِ الدَّمَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الَّذِي كَانَتْ تَقْعُدُ فِيهِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ مِنَ الرَّحِمِ وَلاَ مِنَ الطَّمْثِ فَلْتَتَوَضَّأْ وَتَحْتَشِي بِكُرْسُفٍ وَتُصَلِّ وَإِذَا رَأَتِ الْحَامِلُ الدَّمَ قَبْلَ الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي كَانَتْ تَرَى فِيهِ الدَّمَ بِقَلِيلٍ أَوْ فِي الْوَقْتِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الشَّهْرِ فَإِنَّهُ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ فَلْتُمْسِكْ عَنِ الصَّلاَةِ عَدَدَ أَيَّامِهَا الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَقْعُدُ فِي حَيْضِهَا فَإِنِ انْقَطَعَ الدَّمُ عَنْهَا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فَلْتَغْتَسِلْ وَلْتُصَلِّ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَنْقَطِعِ الدَّمُ عَنْهَا إِلاَّ بَعْدَ مَا تَمْضِي الأيَّامُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَرَى فِيهَا الدَّمَ بِيَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ فَلْتَغْتَسِلْ ثُمَّ تَحْتَشِي وَتَسْتَذْفِرُ وَتُصَلِّ الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ ثُمَّ لْتَنْظُرْ فَإِنْ كَانَ الدَّمُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَبَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ لاَ يَسِيلُ مِنْ خَلْفِ الْكُرْسُفِ فَلْتَتَوَضَّأْ وَلْتُصَلِّ عِنْدَ وَقْتِ كُلِّ صَلاَةٍ مَا لَمْ تَطْرَحِ الْكُرْسُفَ فَإِنْ طَرَحَتِ الْكُرْسُفَ عَنْهَا فَسَالَ الدَّمُ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهَا الْغُسْلُ وَإِنْ طَرَحَتِ الْكُرْسُفَ وَلَمْ يَسِلِ الدَّمُ فَلْتَتَوَضَّأْ وَلْتُصَلِّ وَلاَ غُسْلَ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ وَإِنْ كَانَ الدَّمُ إِذَا أَمْسَكَتِ الْكُرْسُفَ يَسِيلُ مِنْ خَلْفِ الْكُرْسُفِ صَبِيباً لاَ يَرْقَأُ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَغْتَسِلَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَتَحْتَشِيَ وَتُصَلِّيَ وَتَغْتَسِلَ لِلْفَجْرِ وَتَغْتَسِلَ لِلظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ وَتَغْتَسِلَ لِلْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ قَالَ وَكَذَلِكَ تَفْعَلُ الْمُسْتَحَاضَةُ فَإِنَّهَا إِذَا فَعَلَتْ ذَلِكَ أَذْهَبَ الله بِالدَّمِ عَنْهَا.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from al-Husayn ibn Nu’aym al-Sahhaf who has said the following: “I once said to abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), that the mother of my child finds bleeding and she is pregnant. What must she do for her Salah (prayer)? He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) said to me, ‘If a pregnant woman finds bleeding after twenty days from the date in which her Hayd (menses) would begin in the month when she experienced Hayd (menses), then it is not from the womb and but because of Hayd (menses). She must take Wudu’, fill herself with cotton and perform Salah (prayer). If a pregnant woman finds bleeding during a short time before the date during which she would experience Hayd (menses) or during the date of her Hayd (menses) in that month, it then is because of Hayd (menses). She must stop Salah (prayer) during a time, which is equal to the duration of her Hayd (menses). If bleeding stops before the (duration of her Hayd (menses)), she must take Ghusl (bath), and perform Salah (prayer). If bleeding did not stop before one or two days after the end of such duration in which she used to experience Hayd (menses) she then must take Ghusl (bath) then fill with cotton and tie down herself by passing her clothes between her legs to the other side, perform al-Dhuhr and al-‘Asr Salah (prayer). She then must wait and examine if no bleeding from behind the cotton is found after al-Dhuhr and al-‘Asr Salah (prayers) until al-Maghrib, she must take Wudu’ and perform Salah (prayer) in each time of Salah (prayer) as long as the piece of cotton is not disposed. If cotton is disposed and bleeding is found, she must take Ghusl (bath), but if cotton is disposed and no bleeding is found, she must take Wudu’ and perform Salah (prayer). She is not required to take Ghusl (bath).’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If bleeding emerges outside of the cotton placed inside, like perspiration and does not cease, she must take Ghusl (bath) every day and night three times and fill with cotton, then perform Salah (prayer). She must take Ghusl (bath) for the morning Salah (prayer), then take Ghusl (bath) for al-Dhuhr and al-‘Asr, and then take Ghusl (bath) for al-Maghrib and al-‘Isha’ Salah (prayers).’ He (the Imam) said, ‘A woman experiencing Istihadah (irregular menses) must also follow this procedure. If she did so Allah removes bleeding from her.’” 

2ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ بَعْضِ رِجَالِهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما الْسَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ الْحُبْلَى قَدِ اسْتَبَانَ حَبَلُهَا تَرَى مَا تَرَى الْحَائِضُ مِنَ الدَّمِ قَالَ تِلْكَ الْهِرَاقَةُ مِنَ الدَّمِ إِنْ كَانَ دَماً كَثِيراً أَحْمَرَ فَلاَ تُصَلِّ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَلِيلاً أَصْفَرَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا إِلاَّ الْوُضُوءُ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from certain persons of his narrators from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked one of the Imam, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of the pregnant woman whose pregnancy has become apparent, but finds what a woman experiences because of Hayd (menses) of blood discharge. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is a spilling of blood; if the discharge is a great deal and of red color, she must not perform Salah (prayer). She then needs to take Wudu’ only if it is of a small amount and of yellow color.’” 

3ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما الْسَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْحُبْلَى تَرَى الدَّمَ كَمَا كَانَتْ تَرَى أَيَّامَ حَيْضِهَا مُسْتَقِيماً فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ فَقَالَ تُمْسِكُ عَنِ الصَّلاَةِ كَمَا كَانَتْ تَصْنَعُ فِي حَيْضِهَا فَإِذَا طَهُرَتْ صَلَّتْ.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a pregnant woman who experiences blood discharge like the days of her Hayd (menses) every month as a straight habit. He (the Imam) said, ‘She must hold herself back from Salah (prayer) like in days of her Hayd (menses), and when she is clean then perform Salah (prayer).”’ 

4ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ جَمِيعاً عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنِ الْحُبْلَى تَرَى الدَّمَ وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ كَمَا كَانَتْ تَرَى قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ هَلْ تَتْرُكُ الصَّلاَةَ قَالَ تَتْرُكُ إِذَا دَامَ.

4. Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn all from Safwan ibn Yahya from ’Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a pregnant woman who experiences blood discharge even when she is pregnant, like before every month, should she stop performing Salah (prayer)? He (the Imam) said, ’She must stop Salah if it continues.”’ 

5ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ جَمِيعاً عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ وَفَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْحُبْلَى تَرَى الدَّمَ أَ تَتْرُكُ الصَّلاَةَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّ الْحُبْلَى رُبَّمَا قَذَفَتْ بِالدَّمِ.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from and Abu Dawud all from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd and Fadalah ibn Ayyub who has said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about a pregnant woman who experiences blood discharge whether she must stop performing Salah (prayer)? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, she must stop performing Salah (prayer). Sometimes pregnant women also discharge blood.’” 

6ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ الْحُبْلَى رُبَّمَا طَمِثَتْ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْوَلَدَ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ غِذَاؤُهُ الدَّمُ فَرُبَّمَا كَثُرَ فَفَضَلَ عَنْهُ فَإِذَا فَضَلَ دَفَعَتْهُ فَإِذَا دَفَعَتْهُ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهَا الصَّلاَةُ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى إِذَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ تَأَخَّرَ الْوِلاَدَةُ. 

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Sulayman ibn Khalid who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a pregnant woman, saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, can such woman experience Hayd (menses)? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, because the child’s food in mother’s womb is blood. It (blood) may exceed the amount of food for the child. It (the excess) is then repelled. When this happens, Salah (prayer) becomes unlawful for her.’” In another Hadith it is said that it causes a birth delay. 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 3

Book 2, Chapter 12