 The Cleansing Quality of Water

The Quantity of Water that Always Remains Clean

The Case of a Small Quantity of Water, the Water with a Dead Body in it and its use by a Man to Wash His Dirty Hand in it

The Case of a Well and Things that May Fall in It (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 2-12 as well as the following chapter.)

A Well near a Cesspool

Taking Wudu’ With Water from Which Animals, Beasts and Birds Have Drunk

Taking Wudu’ with the Water from Which a Woman during Her Hayd (menses), People After Having Carnal Relations, a Jew, a Christian or a Person Hostile toward ’A’immah Has Drunk (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 4-6 of this chapter.)

A Man Places His Hand in the Water before Washing, the Limit of Washing Hands Because of Carnal Relations, Urination, Feces and Sleeping

Mixing of Rain Water with Urine, with Water Used for Taking Ghusl (bath) Because of Carnal Relations, Touching of One’s Cloth with Water Used for Washing Because of Urine

Water of Bath Houses and Water Heated by the Sun’s Rays

Places Not Desirable to Use as a Lavatory

Expressions to Say When Entering a Lavatory and When Coming Out

Draining Urine, Washing and If One Does Not Find Water

The Quantity of Water Required for Wudu’, Showers and One Who Is Excessive in the Use of Water for Wudu’

Brushing One’s Teeth

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils

Description of Wudu’

The Area of the Face and Hands to be Washed for Wudu’

Wiping of Head and Feet

Wiping Over the Shoes

Bandages and Wounds

Facing Doubts about Wudu’ Forgetting or Mixing Proper Order

Matters that Invalidate or Do not Invalidate Wudu’

One’s Stepping over Feces or Other Such Things

Certain Fluid, Which Is Other than Urine and Semen

Kinds of Ghusl (bath)

Matters Covered by Ghusl (bath)

Necessity of Ghusl (bath) on Friday

Description of Ghusl (bath), Wudu’ Before or Thereafter and a Man’s Ghusl (bath) in an Improper Place, Expressions to Say During Taking Ghusl (bath) and Moving a Ring During Ghusl (bath)

Reason Necessitating Ghusl (bath) for Men and Women

Wet Dreams of Men and Women

Finding Fluid Coming Out after Ghusl (bath)

One after Carnal Relations Eats, Drinks, Reads, Enters a Masjid, Dyes Hair, Uses Fragrance and So On

One after Carnal Relation Sweats in His Clothes, Clothes Touch His Wet Body

Semen or Al-Madhiy Comes in Contact with One’s Clothes or Body

Urine Comes in Contact with One’s Clothes or Body

Urine of Animals and Their Dung

Clothes Come in Contact with Blood and Pus

Dogs Touching Clothes, Body and So On

Description of Tayammum

When Tayammum Is Necessary and Finding Water Thereafter

One’s having Little Water on a Journey but Is Afraid of Facing Thirst

One’s Experiencing Carnal Relations and Having Only Ice

Taking Tayammum with Clay

Bandages, Injuries, One’s Suffering from Smallpox and or Experiencing Carnal Relations

Rare Ahadith about Wudu’

Chapters on Hayd (menses)

Minimum and Maximum Duration of Hayd

Women’s Experiencing Hayd After or Before Their Date of Hayd

Women Observe Yellowish Blood Before or After Hayd (menses)

First Time Hayd (menses)

Examining if Hayd (menses) has Ended or Not

Taking Ghusl (bath) Because of Hayd and the Kind of Water Needed

Women Find Blood after Sexual Relation

Comprehensive Instructions About Hayd (menses) and Istihadah (irregular menses)

Signs for Differentiating Between Blood of Hayd and Istihadah

Differentiating Among Blood of Hayd, Virginity or a Wound

Pregnant Woman Finds Blood

Blood Because of Childbirth

Blood Discharge after a Woman’s Experiencing Discharge-Free Period after Childbirth and Blood Discharge before Birth or after Childbirth

Matters Necessary for Women during Hayd at the Times of Salah (prayer)

Women Find Hayd Blood after the Coming of the Time for a Salah (Prayer) Before Performing It Or Become Clean Before the Coming of the Time for a Salah (Prayer) But Are Too Lazy for Ghusl (bath)

Women Feel Hayd during Salah (Prayer)

Women Must Make-up-for Fasting Because of Hayd but Not Salah (Prayer) 

Women’s Reading the Holy Quran During Hayd or Child-birth 

Women during Hayd Can Pick up Things from a Masjid but Must Not Leave Anything Therein

Women’s Hayd (menses) Stops, Comes Again and the Time of Menopause

Women’s Using Medicine to Have Hayd (menses) after It Stops 

Using Dye during Hayd (menses) 

Washing Clothes of Women during Hayd 

Women During Hayd Pick up Prayer Rug or Water 

Causes of Death and that Believing People May Die by any Manner of Dying 

The Reward for a Person Suffering from Illness 

Another Section on the Same Subject 

The Limits of Complaints 

A Patient’s Giving Permission to His Visitors 

How Often a Patient Should Be Visited, How Long the Duration of Visitation Should Be and Complete Visit 

The Limit of a Sudden Death 

The Virtue (Reward) of Visiting a Patient 

Dictations to a Dying Person

Difficulty in Dying (If Dying Becomes Difficult and the Agony of Death Intense) 

Facing the Dying Person Toward Qiblah

A Believing Person Is Not Caused to Die Against His Will

Things that Believers and Unbelievers See in Dying Conditions

Taking out of the Souls of Believing and Unbelievers

Burial Should Take Place Immediately

Rare Ahadith

Women during Hayd Nurse a Patient (The following chapters are about rules of washing a dead body for burial, shrouding and other matters of burial, and are best explained in the form of fatwa. Consult current fatwa about them.)

Washing a Dead Body

Hunut (Rubbing Camphor) on a Dead Body and Shrouding

Shrouding a Deceased Women

Undesirability of Perfuming the Shroud or Warming Water for Washing Dead Bodies

The Desirable Pieces of Shroud and the Undesirable Ones

The Amount of Water Needed for Ghusl (bath) of a Deceased Person

The Two Fresh Al-Jaridah (Twigs of Palm Tree)

Persons Dead Without Shower Due to Carnal Relations Hayd or Child Birth Reasons

Chapter 26- Dead Woman with a Baby Moving Inside Her

Cutting of Nails and Hairs of Dead Person Undesirable

Things Coming Out of a Dead Body after Ghusl (bath)

Washing of Persons of opposite Gender

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ وَرَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضاً عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ الْكُوفِيِّ قَالَ تَزَوَّجَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا جَارِيَةً مُعْصِراً لَمْ تَطْمَثْ فَلَمَّا اقْتَضَّهَا سَالَ الدَّمُ فَمَكَثَ سَائِلاً لاَ يَنْقَطِعُ نَحْواً مِنْ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ قَالَ فَأَرَوْهَا الْقَوَابِلَ وَمَنْ ظَنُّوا أَنَّهُ يُبْصِرُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ فَاخْتَلَفْنَ فَقَالَ بَعْضٌ هَذَا مِنْ دَمِ الْحَيْضِ وَقَالَ بَعْضٌ هُوَ مِنْ دَمِ الْعُذْرَةِ فَسَأَلُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ فُقَهَاءَهُمْ كَأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ فُقَهَائِهِمْ فَقَالُوا هَذَا شَيْ‏ءٌ قَدْ أَشْكَلَ وَالصَّلاَةُ فَرِيضَةٌ وَاجِبَةٌ فَلْتَتَوَضَّأْ وَلْتُصَلِّ وَلْيُمْسِكْ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا حَتَّى تَرَى الْبَيَاضَ فَإِنْ كَانَ دَمَ الْحَيْضِ لَمْ يَضُرَّهَا الصَّلاَةُ وَإِنْ كَانَ دَمَ الْعُذْرَةِ كَانَتْ قَدْ أَدَّتِ الْفَرْضَ فَفَعَلَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ ذَلِكَ وَحَجَجْتُ فِي تِلْكَ السَّنَةِ فَلَمَّا صِرْنَا بِمِنًى بَعَثْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ لَنَا مَسْأَلَةً قَدْ ضِقْنَا بِهَا ذَرْعاً فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تَأْذَنَ لِي فَآتِيكَ وَأَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهَا فَبَعَثَ إِلَيَّ إِذَا هَدَأَتِ الرِّجْلُ وَانْقَطَعَ الطَّرِيقُ فَأَقْبِلْ إِنْ شَاءَ الله قَالَ خَلَفٌ فَرَأَيْتُ اللَّيْلَ حَتَّى إِذَا رَأَيْتُ النَّاسَ قَدْ قَلَّ اخْتِلاَفُهُمْ بِمِنًى تَوَجَّهْتُ إِلَى مِضْرَبِهِ فَلَمَّا كُنْتُ قَرِيباً إِذَا أَنَا بِأَسْوَدَ قَاعِدٍ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَقَالَ مَنِ الرَّجُلُ فَقُلْتُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْحَاجِّ فَقَالَ مَا اسْمُكَ قُلْتُ خَلَفُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ ادْخُلْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنٍ فَقَدْ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْعُدَ هَاهُنَا فَإِذَا أَتَيْتَ أَذِنْتُ لَكَ فَدَخَلْتُ وَسَلَّمْتُ فَرَدَّ السَّلاَمَ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ وَحْدَهُ مَا فِي الْفُسْطَاطِ غَيْرُهُ فَلَمَّا صِرْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ سَأَلَنِي وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ حَالِهِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ رَجُلاً مِنْ مَوَالِيكَ تَزَوَّجَ جَارِيَةً مُعْصِراً لَمْ تَطْمَثْ فَلَمَّا اقْتَضَّهَا سَالَ الدَّمُ فَمَكَثَ سَائِلاً لاَ يَنْقَطِعُ نَحْواً مِنْ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ وَإِنَّ الْقَوَابِلَ اخْتَلَفْنَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُنَّ دَمُ الْحَيْضِ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُنَّ دَمُ الْعُذْرَةِ فَمَا يَنْبَغِي لَهَا أَنْ تَصْنَعَ قَالَ فَلْتَتَّقِ الله فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ دَمِ الْحَيْضِ فَلْتُمْسِكْ عَنِ الصَّلاَةِ حَتَّى تَرَى الطُّهْرَ وَلْيُمْسِكْ عَنْهَا بَعْلُهَا وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْعُذْرَةِ فَلْتَتَّقِ الله وَلْتَتَوَضَّأْ وَلْتُصَلِّ وَيَأْتِيهَا بَعْلُهَا إِنْ أَحَبَّ ذَلِكَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ وَكَيْفَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَعْلَمُوا مِمَّا هُوَ حَتَّى يَفْعَلُوا مَا يَنْبَغِي قَالَ فَالْتَفَتَ يَمِيناً وَشِمَالاً فِي الْفُسْطَاطِ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَسْمَعَ كَلاَمَهُ أَحَدٌ قَالَ ثُمَّ نَهَدَ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ يَا خَلَفُ سِرَّ الله سِرَّ الله فَلاَ تُذِيعُوهُ وَلاَ تُعَلِّمُوا هَذَا الْخَلْقَ أُصُولَ دِينِ الله بَلِ ارْضَوْا لَهُمْ مَا رَضِيَ الله لَهُمْ مِنْ ضَلاَلٍ قَالَ ثُمَّ عَقَدَ بِيَدِهِ الْيُسْرَى تِسْعِينَ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَسْتَدْخِلُ الْقُطْنَةَ ثُمَّ تَدَعُهَا مَلِيّاً ثُمَّ تُخْرِجُهَا إِخْرَاجاً رَفِيقاً فَإِنْ كَانَ الدَّمُ مُطَوَّقاً فِي الْقُطْنَةِ فَهُوَ مِنَ الْعُذْرَةِ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُسْتَنْقِعاً فِي الْقُطْنَةِ فَهُوَ مِنَ الْحَيْضِ قَالَ خَلَفٌ فَاسْتَحَفَّنِي الْفَرَحُ فَبَكَيْتُ فَلَمَّا سَكَنَ بُكَائِي قَالَ مَا أَبْكَاكَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَنْ كَانَ يُحْسِنُ هَذَا غَيْرُكَ قَالَ فَرَفَعَ يَدَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَقَالَ وَالله إِنِّي مَا أُخْبِرُكَ إِلاَّ عَنْ رَسُولِ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) عَنْ جَبْرَئِيلَ عَنِ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and a number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid all from Muhammad ibn Khalid from Khalaf ibn Hammad and Ahmad has also narrated from Muhammad ibn Aslam from Khalaf ibn Hammad al-Kufiy who has said the following: “A certain person of our people married a girl who had not experienced menstruation. Blood discharge started after sexual relation and it did not stop for about ten days. Nurses were called to examine and they had different opinions. Certain ones of them said that it is because of Hayd (menses) and others said that it is because of virginity. They then asked scholars of their Fiqh (law), like abu Hanifah and other of their scholars of Fiqh. They said that it is a difficult issue because Salah (prayer) is an obligatory duty. She must take Wudu’, perform Salah (prayer) and keep her husband away until blood discharge stops. If in fact it is because of Hayd (menses), performing Salah (prayer) is not harmful, and if it is because of virginity, she has fulfilled her duty. She followed their instruction. I went that year for Hajj. When we were in Mina I sent someone to abu al-Hassan, Musa ibn Ja‘far (a.s.), and said, pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, we have an issue which is giving us a difficult time. If you will kindly grant us an appointment, we like to present it before you for an answer.’ He (the Imam) sent a message that said, ‘When it becomes quiet, there are less feet walking, and roads become free, you can come by the will of Allah.’ Khalaf has said that at night when people’s coming and going reduced in Mina, I walked to his tent. When I was near his tent, I saw a black figure on the road who asked, ‘Who are you?’ I said, ‘I am one of the pilgrims.’ He asked, ‘What is your name?’ I replied, ‘I am Khalaf ibn Hammad.’ He said, ‘You can go inside and you do not need any more permission, because he (the Imam) had instructed me to wait here to allow you to go inside.’ I then went inside, expressed my greeting of peace to him and he (the Imam) responded to my expressing greeting of peace. He (the Imam) was sitting on the furnishing alone and there was no one in the tent beside him (the Imam). When I was in his presence I asked how he felt and he (the Imam) asked about my conditions and I said, ‘A man who is of your followers has married a girl who had not experienced Hayd (menses). After sexual relation she experienced blood discharge, which did not stop for up to ten days. Nurses examined her and they had different opinions about it. Certain ones among them said that it is because of Hayd (menses) and others said that it is because of virginity. What must she do in such condition?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘She must observe piety before Allah. If it is because of Hayd (menses), she must stop performing Salah (prayer) until she is clean from Hayd (menses) and she must keep her husband away. If it is because of virginity, she must observe piety before Allah, must take Wudu’, perform Salah (prayer) and allow her husband to come to her if she so pleases.’ I (the narrator) then asked, ‘How can she find out what it is so they can follow their duty?’ He (the narrator) has that he (the Imam) looked to the left and right sides in the tent for fear of someone hearing his words. He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) then leaned toward me and said, ‘O Khalaf, it is the secret of Allah, it is the secret of Allah, you must not publicize it and do not tell it to these people the principles of the religion of Allah. Just agree with what Allah has agreed that they follow their straying. He (the Imam) then formed the figure ninety with his left hand and said, ‘She must place a piece of cotton in her urethra and allow it gently there for a while, then gently take it out. If blood is found as a circle around the piece of cotton, it is because of her virginity; and if blood is found as penetrating (in the center) inside the cotton it is because of Hayd (menses).’ Khalaf has said, ‘I cried because of happiness and when my weeping calmed down, he (the Imam) asked, “What made you weep?”’ I replied, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, no one can give an answer better than your answer.’ He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) raised his hand to the sky and said, ’By Allah, I only answered you from the Messenger of Allah, from Jibril from Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.”’ 

2ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سُوقَةَ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ اقْتَضَّ امْرَأَتَهُ أَوْ أَمَتَهُ فَرَأَتْ دَماً كَثِيراً لاَ يَنْقَطِعُ عَنْهَا يَوْماً كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ بِالصَّلاَةِ قَالَ تُمْسِكُ الْكُرْسُفَ فَإِنْ خَرَجَتِ الْقُطْنَةُ مُطَوَّقَةً بِالدَّمِ فَإِنَّهُ مِنَ الْعُذْرَةِ تَغْتَسِلُ وَتُمْسِكُ مَعَهَا قُطْنَةً وَتُصَلِّي فَإِنْ خَرَجَ الْكُرْسُفُ مُنْغَمِساً بِالدَّمِ فَهُوَ مِنَ الطَّمْثِ تَقْعُدُ عَنِ الصَّلاَةِ أَيَّامَ الْحَيْضِ.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Ziyad ibn Suqah who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), was asked about a man who experiences sexual relation with his wife or slave-girl and she finds a great deal of blood discharge that does not stop, not even for one day. What must she do for her Salah (prayer)? He (the Imam) said, ’She must keep a piece of cotton, if blood is found in the form of a circle around it, it is blood because of virginity. She must take Ghusl (bath), keep the piece of cotton and perform Salah (prayer). If blood is found to have dipped into the piece of cotton, it is because of Hayd (menses), in which case she must stop performing Salah (prayer) during the days of her Hayd (menses).”’ 

3ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى رَفَعَهُ عَنْ أَبَانٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) فَتَاةٌ مِنَّا بِهَا قَرْحَةٌ فِي فَرْجِهَا وَالدَّمُ سَائِلٌ لاَ تَدْرِي مِنْ دَمِ الْحَيْضِ أَوْ مِنْ دَمِ الْقَرْحَةِ فَقَالَ مُرْهَا فَلْتَسْتَلْقِ عَلَى ظَهْرِهَا ثُمَّ تَرْفَعُ رِجْلَيْهَا ثُمَّ تَسْتَدْخِلُ إِصْبَعَهَا الْوُسْطَى فَإِنْ خَرَجَ الدَّمُ مِنَ الْجَانِبِ الأيْمَنِ فَهُوَ مِنَ الْحَيْضِ وَإِنْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْجَانِبِ الأيْسَرِ فَهُوَ مِنَ الْقَرْحَةِ. 

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya in a marfu‘ manner has narrated from Aban who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), a young woman of our people has a wound in her vagina. She finds bleeding but does not know if it is because of Hayd (menses) or because of the wound and blood flows. He (the Imam) said, ‘Instruct her to lie down on her back, raise her legs and place her middle finger inside. If blood comes from the right side, it is because of Hayd (menses); if it comes from the left side, it is because of the wound.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 3

Book 2, Chapter 11