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accepted the succession to the throne from Al-Ma’mun, what Went On, those who were displeased and those who were pleased20 - حَدَّثَنا أَحْمَدِ بْنِ زِيادِ بْنِ جَعْفَر الْهَمَذانيّوَالحُسَيْنِ بْنِ إِبْراهيمِ بْنِ أَحْمَدِ بْنِ هِشامِ المكتب وَعَلِىِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّه الوَرَّاقُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ قالُوا حَدَّثَنا عَلِىِّ بْنِ إِبراهِيمِ بْنِ هاشِم حَدَّثَني ياسر الخادِم
لَمّا رَجَعَ الْمَأمُون من خُراسان بَعْد وَفاة أَبي الحَسَن الرِّضا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ بِطُوسِ بأخباره كُلِّها قالَ عَلِىِّ بْنِ ِِبْراهيم وَحَدَّثَني الرَّيانِ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ وَكانَ من رجال الحَسَن بْنِ سَهْل وَحَدَّثَني أَبي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عرفة وَصالِح بْنِ سَعِيدُ الكاتب الراشدي كُلِّ هؤُلاء حدثوا بأخبار أَبي الحَسَن الرِّضا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ وَقالُوا لَمَّا انْقَضَى أَمْرُ الَْمخْلُوعِ وَاسْتَوَى أَمْرُ الْمَأْمُونِ كَتَبَ إِلَى الرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ يَسْتَقْدِمُهُ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ فَاعْتَلَّ عَلَيْهِ الرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ بِعِلَلٍ كَثِيرَةٍ فَمَا زَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ يُكَاتِبُهُ وَيَسْأَلُهُ حَتَّى عَلِمَ الرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ أَنَّهُ لا يَكُفُّ عَنْهُ فَخَرَجَ وَأَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ لَهُ سَبْعُ سِنِينَ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَأْمُونُ لا تَأْخُذْ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْكُوفَةِ وَقُمْ فَحَمَلَ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْبَصْرَةِ وَالأَهْوَازِ وَفَـارِسَحَتَّى وَافَى مَرْوَ فَلَمَّا وَافَى مَرْوَ عَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَأْمُونُ أَنْ يَتَقَلَّدَ الإِمْرَةَ وَالْخِلافَةَ فَأَبَى الرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَجَرَتْ فِي هَذَا مُخَاطَبَاتٌ كَثِيرَةٌ وَبَقُوا فِي ذَلِكَ نَحْواً مِنْ شَهْرَيْنِ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَأْبَى عَلَيْهِ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ مَا يَعْرِضَ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ الْكَلامَ وَالْخِطَابَ فِي هَذَا قَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ فَوِلايَةُ الْعَهْدِ فَأَجَابَهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ لَهُ عَلَى شُرُوطٍ أَسْأَلُكَهَا فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ سَلْ مَا شِئْتَ قَالُوا فَكَتَبَ الرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ إِنِّي أُدْخِلَ فِي وِلايَةِ الْعَهْدِ عَلَى أَنْ لا آمُرَ وَلا أَنْهَى وَلا أَقْضِيَ وَلا أُغَيِّرَ شَيْئاً مِمَّا هُوَ قَائِمٌ وَتُعْفِيَنِي عَنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ فَأَجَابَهُ الْمَأْمُونُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَقَبِلَهَا عَلَى كُلِّ هَذِهِ الشُّرُوطِ وَدَعَا الْمَأْمُونُ الْقُوَّادَ وَالْقُضَاةَ وَالشَّاكِرِيَّةِ وَوُلْدَ الْعَبَّاسِ إِلَى ذَلِكَ فَاضْطَرَبُوا عَلَيْهِ فَأَخْرَجَ أَمْوَالاً كَثِيرَةً وَأَعْطَى الْقُوَّادَ وَأَرْضَاهُمْ إِلا ثَلاثَةَ نَفَرٍ مِنْ قُوَّادِهِ أَبَوْا ذَلِكَ أَحَدُهُمُ الْجَلُودِيُّ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ عِمْرَانَ وَابْنُ مويس فَإِنَّهُمْ أَبَوْا أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا فِي بَيْعَةِ الرِّضَافَحَبَسَهُمْ وَبُويِعَ لِلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ وَكَتَبَ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى الْبُلْدَانِ وَضُرِبَتِ الدَّنَانِيرُ وَالدَّرَاهِمُ بِاسْمِهِ وَخُطِبَ لَهُ عَلَى الْمَنَابِرِ وَأَنْفَقَ الْمَأْمُونُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَمْوَالاً كَثِيرَةً فَلَمَّا حَضَرَ الْعِيدُ بَعَثَ الْمَأْمُونُ إِلَى الرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ يَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَ وَيَحْضُرَ الْعِيدَ وَيَخْطُبَ لِتَطْمَئِنَّ قُلُوبُ النَّاسِ وَيَعْرِفُوا فَضْلَهُ وَتَقِرَّ قُلُوبُهُمْ عَلَى هَذِهِ الدَّوْلَةِ الْمُبَارَكَةِ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ الرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ وَقَالَ قَدْ عَلِمْتَ مَا كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ مِنَ الشُّرُوطِ فِي دُخُولِي فِي هَذَا الأَمْرِ فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ إِنَّمَا أُرِيدُ بِهَذَا أَنْ يَرْسُخَ فِي قُلُوبِ الْعَامَّةِ وَالْجُنْدِ وَالشَّاكِرِيَّةِ هَذَا الأَمْرُ فَتَطْمَئِنَّ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَيُقِرُّوا بِمَا فَضَّلَكَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُرَادُّهُ الْكَلامَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا أَلَحَّ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنْ أَعْفَيْتَنِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ وَإِنْ لَمْ تُعْفِنِي خَرَجْتُ كَمَا كَانَ يَخْرُجُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَكَمَا خَرَجَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ قَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ اخْرُجْ كَمَا تُحِبُّ وَأَمَرَ الْمَأْمُونُ الْقُوَّادَ وَالنَّاسَ أَنْ يُبَكِّرُوا إِلَى بَابِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ فَقَعَدَ النَّاسُ لابِي الْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ فِي الطُّرُقَاتِ وَالسُّطُوحِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ وَاجْتَمَعَ الْقُوَّادُ عَلَى بَابِ الرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ فَلَمَّا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ قَامَ الرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ فَاغْتَسَلَ وَتَعَمَّمَ بِعِمَامَةٍ بَيْضَاءَ مِنْ قُطْنٍ وَأَلْقَى طَرَفـاً مِنْهَـا عَلَى صَدْرِهِ وَطَرَفاً بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِوَتَشَمَّرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: لِجَمِيعِ مَوَالِيهِ افْعَلُوا مِثْلَ مَا فَعَلْتُ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ عُكَّازَةً وَخَرَجَ وَنَحْنُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَهُوَ حَافٍ قَدْ شَمَّرَ سَرَاوِيلَهُ إِلَى نِصْفِ السَّاقِ وَعَلَيْهِ ثِيَابٌ مُشَمَّرَةٌ فَلَمَّا قَامَ وَمَشَيْنَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَكَبَّرَ أَرْبَعَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ فَخُيِّلَ إِلَيْنَا أَنَّ الْهَوَاءَ وَالْحِيطَانَ تُجَاوِبُهُ وَالْقُوَّادُ وَالنَّاسُ عَلَى الْبَابِ قَدْ تَزَيَّنُوا وَلَبِسُوا السِّلاحَ وَتَهَيَّئُوا بِأَحْسَنِ هَيْئَةٍ فَلَمَّا طَلَعْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ بِهَذِهِ الصُّورَةِ حُفَاةً قَدْ تَشَمَّرْنَا وَطَلَعَ الرِّضَا وَقَفَ وَقْفَةً عَلَى الْبَابِ وَقَالَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ عَلَى مَا هَدَانَا اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَنَا مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الأَنْعَامِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى مَا أَبْلانَا وَرَفَعَ بِذَلِكَ صَوْتَهُ وَرَفَعْنَا أَصْوَاتَنَا فَتَزَعْزَعَتْ مَرْوُ مِنَ الْبُكَاءِ وَالصِّيَاحِ فَقَالَهَا ثَلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَسَقَطَ الْقُوَّادُ عَنْ دَوَابِّهِمْ وَرَمَوْا بِخِفَافِهِمْ لَمَّا نَظَرُوا إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ وَصَارَتْ مَرْوُ ضَجَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَمْ يَتََمالَكِ النَّاسُ مِنَ الْبُكَاءِ وَالضَّجَّةِ فَكَانَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ يَمْشِي وَيَقِفُ فِي كُلِّ عَشَرَةِ خُطُوَاتٍ وَقْفَةً يُكَبِّرُ اللَّهَ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ فَيُتَخَيَّلُ إِلَيْنَا أَنَّ السَّمَاءَ وَالأَرْضَ وَالْحِيطَانَ تُجَاوِبُهُ وَبَلَغَ الْمَأْمُونَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ ذُو الرِّئَاسَتَيْنِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنْ بَلَغَ الرِّضَا الْمُصَلَّى عَلَى هَذَا السَّبِيلِ افْتَتَنَ بِهِ النَّاسُ فَالرَّأْيُ أَنْ تَسْأَلَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَأْمُونُ فَسَأَلَهُ الرُّجُوعَ فَدَعَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ بِخُفِّهِ فَلَبِسَهُ وَرَجَعَ.
40-20 Ahmad ibn Ziyad ibn Ja’far al-Hamadani, Husayn ibn Ibrahim ibn Ahmad ibn Hisham al-Mokttib and Ali ibn Abdullah al-Warraq - may God be pleased with them - narrated that Ali ibn Ibrahim ibn Hashem quoted that when Yasir - the servant - returned from Khorasan after the martyrdom of Ar-Ridha’ in Toos, he told me all the news about the events which had happened. Ali ibn Ibrahim narrated that Rayyan ibn al-Salt, who was one of Al-Hassan ibn Sahl’s men and my father quoted on the authority of Muhammad ibn Arafat and Salh ibn Sa’eed Al-Rashidi that all quoted the (following) news about Abil Hassan Ar-Ridha’ ,
“When the time of the dismissed Caliph (al-Amin) was finished and Al-Ma’mun took over the Caliphate, he wrote a letter to Ar-Ridha’ and invited him to Khorasan. However, Ar-Ridha’ refused for several reasons. However, Al-Ma’mun did not stop here and kept on insisting until Ar-Ridha’ got convinced that he was not going to stop. Then Ar-Ridha’ left for Marv when his son Abu Ja’far was only seven years old. Al-Ma’mun wrote to him instructing not to come by way of Kufa and Qum. Rather, he was taken to Marv by way of Basra, Ahwaz and Fars. When he arrived in Marv, Al-Ma’mun told him to accept the ranksof Divine Leadership and Caliphate. However, Ar-Ridha’ refused this. However, Al-Ma’mun insisted on it a lot. This kept going on for two months, until after a lot of discussions Al-Ma’mun suggested Ar-Ridha’ accept the post of the successor to the throne. He accepted this and told him, ‘(I will only accept this) upon conditions that I will state.’ Then Al-Ma’mun said, ‘State your conditions.’ Then Ar-Ridha’ wrote, ‘I will accept the succession to the throne upon the conditions that I neither issue any orders, nor do I admonish against anything; I neither judge, nor change anything; that I be excused from all such affairs.’ Then Al-Ma’mun accepted this. He accepted all his conditions and invited the governors, the judges, the army heads, the office workers and all the Abbasids to come and pledge allegiance to him. He spent a lot of money and granted rewards to the army heads and satisfied them all except for three of the army heads named Isa al-Joloodi, Ali ibn Imran and Abu Yunus who did not accept to pledge allegiance to Ar-Ridha’ . Then he imprisoned them. The people pledged allegiance to Ar-Ridha’ . This was declared in writing to all the towns. Coins were issued in Ar-Ridha’’s name and sermons were delivered in his name on the pulpits. Al-Ma’mun made a lot of donations. When the holidays came, Al-Ma’mun sent someone after Ar-Ridha’ and asked him to ride to the congregation, and deliver the ‘Eid prayer and sermon to reassure the people, so that they would recognize his nobility and wholeheartedly attract them to this blessed government. Then Ar-Ridha’ sent someone to him who said, ‘You are aware of the conditions set between you and I in accepting this affair.’ Then Al-Ma’mun said, ‘I only want the public, the army and the office workers to feel sure about this affair, feel secure in their hearts and recognize the nobility that God has granted you.’ This discussion kept going on back and forth until the Imam realized that Al-Ma’mun was insisting. Then Ar-Ridha’ said, ‘O Commander of the Faithful! I prefer that you excuse me from doing this. However, if you insist, I must perform the prayer just like God’s Prophet (S) and the Commander of the Faithful Ali ibn Abi Talib did.’ He said, ‘Fine. Do it as you wish.’ Then Al-Ma’mun ordered the troops and the people to be at Abil Hassan Ar-Ridha’’s residence in the morning. All the people gathered around the house of Abil Hassan Ar-Ridha’ . All the lanes and the streets were filled with men, women and children. All the troops gathered around the door of Ar-Ridha’’s house. Then when the sun rose, Ar-Ridha’ stood up, made ablutions, put on a white cotton turban letting one side of it falldown upon his chest and the other side fall behind his head. He took off his socks and slippers and told all his friends to do the same. He held a cane in his hand and left the house. We gathered around him. He was in bare feet and had rolled up his pants half-way to the knees. He had rolled up the outer robe he was wearing half-way up. When he came among us, we were walking ahead of him. He raised his head up to the sky and shouted God is the Greatest four times. We all felt that the heavens and the buildings were all shouting the same. The troops and the people at the door were all standing there in an orderly fashion. The troops had their weapons and were really majestic. When we appeared to them in this (above-mentioned) form with bare feet and having wrapped up our outer robes, and Ar-Ridha’ had appeared among the people, he stopped at the door and said, Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar! Allahu Akbar Ala ma Hadana! Allahu Akbar Al ma Razaqana Min Bahimatel An’am! walhamdullilah-e-Ala ma Ablana! He raised his voice, and so did we. We kept on saying the Festival’s glorifications. At once, the whole city of Marv broke out in tears and cried out. He said the above three times. The soldiers got off their horses, took off their boots and left them when they saw Abil Hassan . All of Marv broke out in tears and mourning. The people could not stop crying. Abul Hassan took ten steps, stopped and repeated the glorifications four times. It was just as if the heavens and all the buildings responded to him. Al-Ma’mun was informed about this. Thul-Riasatayn Al-Fadhl ibn Sahl told him, ‘O Commander of the Faithful! Should Ar-Ridha’ reach the place for the prayer in this way, it will cause sedition among the people. Consider asking him to return.’ Then Al-Ma’mun sent someone to Ar-Ridha’ and asked him to return home. He asked for his slippers and returned home.
