Al-Kāfi - Volume 5


Book 3, Chapter 58

A Man Wants to Marry one’s Daughter and the Father Intends to Give Her to Another Man
6 Aḥadīth

1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (a.s) الْجَارِيَةُ يُرِيدُ أَبُوهَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ وَيُرِيدُ جَدُّهَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَقَالَ الْجَدُّ أَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مُضَارّاً إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الأبُ زَوَّجَهَا قَبْلَهُ وَيَجُوزُ عَلَيْهَا تَزْوِيجُ الأبِ وَالْجَدِّ.


1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a girl whose father wants to give her in marriage to one man and her grandfather wants to give her in marriage to another man. He (the Imam) said, ‘Grandfather is preferred above the father as long as it is not harmful to the girl and that the father has not given her in marriage before the grandfather. Both father and grandfather’s giving her in marriage is permissible.’”

2- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَلاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَةَ ابْنِهِ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ عَلَى ابْنِهِ وَلابْنِهِ أَيْضاً أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا فَقُلْتُ فَإِنْ هَوِيَ أَبُوهَا رَجُلا وَجَدُّهَا رَجُلا فَقَالَ الْجَدُّ أَوْلَى بِنِكَاحِهَا.


2. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “One of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah) (a.s), has said, ‘If a man gives in marriage his granddaughter to a man, it is binding upon his son and his son also can give her in marriage.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if her father likes one man and her grandfather prefers another man?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Grandfather has greater priority.’”

3- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْمَغْرَاءِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (a.s) قَالَ إِنِّي لَذَاتَ يَوْمٍ عِنْدَ زِيَادِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْحَارِثِيِّ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ يَسْتَعْدِي عَلَى أَبِيهِ فَقَالَ أَصْلَحَ اللهُ الأمِيرَ إِنَّ أَبِي زَوَّجَ ابْنَتِي بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِي فَقَالَ زِيَادٌ لِجُلَسَائِهِ الَّذِينَ عِنْدَهُ مَا تَقُولُونَ فِيمَا يَقُولُ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ قَالُوا نِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ مَا تَقُولُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ فَلَمَّا سَأَلَنِي أَقْبَلْتُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ أَجَابُوهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ أَلَيْسَ فِيمَا تَرْوُونَ أَنْتُمْ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّ رَجُلا جَاءَ يَسْتَعْدِيهِ عَلَى أَبِيهِ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْتَ وَمَالُكَ لأبِيكَ قَالُوا بَلَى فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ هَذَا وَهُوَ وَمَالُهُ لأبِيهِ وَلا يَجُوزُ نِكَاحُهُ [عَلَيْهِ] قَالَ فَأَخَذَ بِقَوْلِهِمْ وَتَرَكَ قَوْلِي.


3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from abu al-Mighra’ from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s), has said, ‘One day I was with Ziyad ibn ‘Ubayd Allah al-Harithiy when a man came and complained saying, “My father has given my daughter in marriage without my permission.” Ziyad then asked the people in his meeting about their views in the matter. They said, “His marriage is invalid.’” He (the Imam) has said, ‘He then asked, “What do you say, O ‘Abd Allah?” When he asked me I then turned to those who had given him an answer and asked them, ‘Of the matters that you narrate from the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, is there the case of the man who came to him (the Messenger of Allah) and complained against his father like this man and the Messenger of Allah told him that you and your assets belong to your father?’ They replied, ‘Yes, we narrate.’ I then asked them, ‘Why is it that even he and his assets belong to his father but his father’s giving in marriage is not permissible?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He accepted their words and ignored my words.’”

4- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ [جَمِيعاً] عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (a.s) قَالَ إِذَا زَوَّجَ الأبُ وَالْجَدُّ كَانَ التَّزْوِيجُ لِلأوَّلِ فَإِنْ كَانَ جَمِيعاً فِي حَالٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَالْجَدُّ أَوْلَى.


4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from all from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim and Muhammad ibn Flakim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s), has said, ‘If both father and grandfather give in marriage, the first one’s marriage is effective and if both happens at the same time, the grandfather has the priority.’”

5- حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (a.s) قَالَ إِنَّ الْجَدَّ إِذَا زَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ ابْنِهِ وَكَانَ أَبُوهَا حَيّاً وَكَانَ الْجَدُّ مَرْضِيّاً جَازَ قُلْنَا فَإِنْ هَوِيَ أَبُو الْجَارِيَةِ هَوًى وَهَوِيَ الْجَدُّ هَوًى وَهُمَا سَوَاءٌ فِي الْعَدْلِ وَالرِّضَا قَالَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ تَرْضَى بِقَوْلِ الْجَدِّ.


5. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from Ja’far ibn Sama‘ah from Aban from al-Fadl ibn ‘Abd al-Malik who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s), has said, ‘If a grandfather gives his granddaughter in marriage and his son is living but grandfather is ill, still marriage is binding.’ We then asked, ‘What happens if the father loves one and grandfather loves another man and they both are equal in justice and agreement?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘I love if she agrees with her grandfather.’”

6- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (a.s) قَالَ إِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ فَأَبَى ذَلِكَ وَالِدُهُ فَإِنَّ تَزْوِيجَ الأبِ جَائِزٌ وَإِنْ كَرِهَ الْجَدُّ لَيْسَ هَذَا مِثْلَ الَّذِي يَفْعَلُهُ الْجَدُّ ثُمَّ يُرِيدُ الأبُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ.


6. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Dawud ibn al- Husayn from al-‘Abbas who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s), has said, ‘If a man marries, then his father rejects it, giving in marriage by the father is permissible; if the grandfather dislikes it, it is not like the case where grandfather gives in marriage, then father wants to reverse it.”’