Virtue and Excellence of Serving in the Army

Jihad of Man and Woman

Kinds of Jihad (struggle)

To Whom Does the Obligation of Jihad Apply, and to Whom it Does not Apply

Mobilization Along with People when there is Fear for al-Islam

Under Whose Command Obligatory Jihad Takes Place?

‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd and al-Mu’taziliy Groups’ Visiting abu ‘Abd Allah ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Recommendations of the Messenger of Allah and Amir al-Mu’minin, about Smaller Armed Expeditions

Chapter 9(a) - Granting Immunity

Chapter 9(b)

Chapter 9(c)

Challenging the Enemy for a Fight

Kindness to the Prisoners and Providing Him Food

Calling to al-Islam before Fighting

Chapter 13(a) - Matters about which Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s), Recommended at the Time of War

Chapter 13(b)

It is not Lawful for a Muslim to Reside in a War Zone

Chapter 15(a) - Distribution of the Properties Captured from the Enemy

Chapter 15(b)

Chapter 15(c)

The Slogan

The Virtue of Maintaining Horses, Racing and Sharp Shooting Contests

Man’s Defending Himself Against the Thief

The Case of one Murdered over His Stolen Property

Chapter 20(a) - The Excellence of Martyrdom

Chapter 20(b)

Chapter 20(c)

Commanding others what is Obligatory and to Prohibit them from doing Evil

Chapter 22(a) - Rejecting Evil in one’s Heart

Chapter 22(b)

The Case of those who Displease the Creator to Please the Creatures

It is Detestable to Expose One’s Self to What He Cannot Endure

Al-Sufiy People’s Visiting Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Meaning of Zuhd (Asceticism)

Using the Worldly Resources as Means for Success in the Hereafter

The Degree Of Efforts Which One Must Make In Search For One’s Sustenance To Follow In the Footsteps of ‘A’immah ‘Alayhim al-Salam

Promoting The Quest For Sustenance And Work To Make A Living

Al^Ibla’ (Trying) in the Work for Living

Meticulous Effort to Make a Living

Receiving Sustenance from Unexpected Sources

The Detestability of Sleeping and Passing Time without Work

Detestability of Laziness

One’s Working in His House

Amending one’s Properties and Planning for one’s Living

Hard Work for the Family

Earning Lawful kind of Sustenance

Saving for One’s Living Expenses

Detestability of Offering Oneself for Hire

Performing Personally one’s Business Tasks

Buying and Selling Real Estate

Debts and Borrowing

Payment of Debts

To Retaliate and Offset for Debts

When a Man Dies Payment of his Debts becomes Due

The Case of One Who Borrows But Does Not Intend To Pay Back

Sell off Debts in Exchange for Debts

Etiquette of Asking for Payment

The Case of Delaying Due Payment

Lodging With a Borrower When Demanding Payment

Chapter 28(a) - The Case of Gift to a Creditor

Chapter 28(b) - Bail out and Assignment or Referral

Working for al-Sultan and his Rewards

The Conditions to Work for al-Sultan

Selling Arms to al- Sultan

The Crafts (Technologies)

The Legal Status of Income from Cupping Operation

Income from Eulogizing Someone to Make People Mourn

The Legal Status of Income from Hairdressing and Circumcising

The Legal Status of the Income of Female Singer from Singing and Selling Singers (Slave-girls)

The Legal Status of Income from Teaching

The legal Status of Income from Selling Copies of the Holy Quran

Gambling and Looting

Earning in Unlawful ways

Unlawful Earnings in the form of al-Suht such as Buying and Selling of Intoxicating Liquors . . .

Consuming the Properties of Orphans

The Amount a Supervisor of the Properties of Orphans Can Lawfully Use

Using the Properties of Orphans in Business and Lending

Safe Return of Trust

A Father and Son’s Using Each Others Properties

A Husband and Wife’s Using Each Other’s Properties

Found and Lost Properties

Gifts and Presents

Rule about Unlawful Interest

Unlawful Interest Does Not Apply Between a Father and Son

The Excellence of Doing Business and Giving It Proper Attention

Etiquettes of Doing Business

Excellence of Keeping Accounts and Books

Entering the Market Before Others

Speaking of Allah, Most High, in the Market

Words to Say When Buying for Resale Purposes

People With Whom Doing Business Is Not Recommended

Using Proper and Improper Measurements in Business

Cheating in Business

Swearing at the Time of Buying and Selling

The Case of Prices of Goods

The Case of Monopolization (Hoarding) Goods in Public Demand

Another Chapter

Excellence of Buying Wheat and Food

Detestability of Estimating and Preferability of Using Measurements

Continuing Profitable Businesses

1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) قَالَ الشُّفْعَةُ لِكُلِّ شَرِيكٍ لَمْ يُقَاسِمْ.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn Hadid from Jamil ibn Darraj from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “One of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, The right of al- Shuf’ah (pre-emption) of an asset belongs to a business partner who has not yet departed partnership.’” 

2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ دَارٍ فِيهَا دُورٌ وَطَرِيقُهُمْ وَاحِدٌ فِي عَرْصَةِ الدَّارِ فَبَاعَ بَعْضُهُمْ مَنْزِلَهُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ هَلْ لِشُرَكَائِهِ فِي الطَّرِيقِ أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا بِالشُّفْعَةِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ بَاعَ الدَّارَ وَحَوَّلَ بَابَهَا إِلَى طَرِيقٍ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ فَلا شُفْعَةَ لَهُمْ وَإِنْ بَاعَ الطَّرِيقَ مَعَ الدَّارِ فَلَهُمُ الشُّفْعَةُ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Um ay r from Jamil ibn Darraj from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said the following: “Regarding my question before ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a house which is among the houses that have one driveway through a courtyard and one of them sells to a man, if the people sharing the driveway can apply their al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption). He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has sold his house and has changed its driveway to another driveway then such right is not applicable; but if he has sold the house along with its driveway then they can apply such right.’” 

3- عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا وَقَعَتِ السِّهَامُ ارْتَفَعَتِ الشُّفْعَةُ.

3. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ibrahim ibn Ishaq from ‘Abd Allah ibn Hammad from Jamil ibn Darraj from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘When division takes place, al-Shuf ’ (one’s rights of pre- emption) ceases to apply.’” 

4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ هِلالٍ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) بِالشُّفْعَةِ بَيْنَ الشُّرَكَاءِ فِي الأرَضِينَ وَالْمَسَاكِنِ وَقَالَ لا ضَرَرَ وَلا ضِرَارَ وَقَالَ إِذَا رُفَّتِ الأرَفُ وَحُدَّتِ الْحُدُودُ فَلا شُفْعَةَ.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Hilal from ‘Uqbah ibn Khalid who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, issued a judgment in favor of al- Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) in the case of partners in the ownership of land and houses, saying, “Harming and causing harm because of suffering harm is not lawful.” He (the Messenger of Allah) also said, “Once division takes place and boundaries are set al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) ceases to exist.’”” 

5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ شَعِرٍ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ الْغَنَوِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الشُّفْعَةِ فِي الدُّورِ أَشَيْ‏ءٌ وَاجِبٌ لِلشَّرِيكِ وَيُعْرَضُ عَلَى الْجَارِ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ فَقَالَ الشُّفْعَةُ فِي الْبُيُوعِ إِذَا كَانَ شَرِيكاً فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا بِالثَّمَنِ.

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Yazid ibn Ishaq Sh‘ir from Harun ibn abu Hamzah al- Ghanaviy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) in the case of houses; if it is obligatory on the neighbor to offer to the neighbor because of his priority right to buy. He (the Imam) said, ‘Al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) is applicable in selling if one is a partner; he is more rightful to buy with payment.’” 

6- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ لَيْسَ لِلْيَهُودِيِّ وَالنَّصْرَانِيِّ شُفْعَةٌ وَقَالَ لا شُفْعَةَ إِلا لِشَرِيكٍ غَيْرِ مُقَاسِمٍ وَقَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) وَصِيُّ الْيَتِيمِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ أَبِيهِ يَأْخُذُ لَهُ الشُّفْعَةَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ رَغْبَةٌ فِيهِ وَقَالَ لِلْغَائِبِ شُفْعَةٌ.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.), has said, ‘Al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) does not apply in the case of the Jew and the Christian.‘ And he said, ‘It only applies to a partner who has not concluded the partnership.’ He (the Imam) has said, that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.) has said, ‘The Executor of the will for an orphan is like his father who applies al-Shuf’ if it is in his interest.’ And he (the Imam) said that al-Shuf’ also applies in favor of an absent person.” 

7- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ [عَنْ أَبِيهِ] عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ لا تَكُونُ الشُّفْعَةُ إِلا لِشَرِيكَيْنِ مَا لَمْ يُقَاسِمَا فَإِذَا صَارُوا ثَلاثَةً فَلَيْسَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ شُفْعَةٌ.

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa ibn ‘Ubayd from Yunus ibn ‘Abd af- Rahman from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) is applicable only between two partners who have not concluded the partnership. If they become three then one of them does not have such right.’” 

8- يُونُسُ عَنْ بَعْضِ رِجَالِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الشُّفْعَةِ لِمَنْ هِيَ وَفِي أَيِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ هِيَ وَلِمَنْ تَصْلُحُ وَهَلْ يَكُونُ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ شُفْعَةٌ وَكَيْفَ هِيَ فَقَالَ الشُّفْعَةُ جَائِزَةٌ فِي كُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ مِنْ حَيَوَانٍ أَوْ أَرْضٍ أَوْ مَتَاعٍ إِذَا كَانَ الشَّيْ‏ءُ بَيْنَ شَرِيكَيْنِ لا غَيْرِهِمَا فَبَاعَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ فَشَرِيكُهُ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ وَإِنْ زَادَ عَلَى الاثْنَيْنِ فَلا شُفْعَةَ لأحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ. وَرُوِيَ أَيْضاً أَنَّ الشُّفْعَةَ لا تَكُونُ إِلا فِي الأرَضِينَ وَالدُّورِ فَقَطْ.

8. Yunus has narrated from certain persons of his people who have said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about al-Shuf ’ (one’s rights of pre-emption), in whose favor it is, in what it is, in whose favor it is proper, if in the case of animals it applies and how it is. He (the Imam) said, ‘ Al-Shuf ’ is applicable to animals, land or assets if it is between two partners and not more than two. When one of them sells his share then his partner has such right more than others, but if they are more than two it does not apply to one of them.’ It is also narrated that it does not apply to anything other than land and houses.” 

9- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ الْكَاهِلِيِّ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) دَارٌ بَيْنَ قَوْمٍ اقْتَسَمُوهَا فَأَخَذَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ قِطْعَةً وَبَنَاهَا وَتَرَكُوا بَيْنَهُمْ سَاحَةً فِيهَا مَمَرُّهُمْ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَاشْتَرَى نَصِيبَ بَعْضِهِمْ أَلَهُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَلَكِنْ يَسُدُّ بَابَهُ وَيَفْتَحُ بَاباً إِلَى الطَّرِيقِ أَوْ يَنْزِلُ مِنْ فَوْقِ الْبَيْتِ وَيَسُدُّ بَابَهُ فَإِنْ أَرَادَ صَاحِبُ الطَّرِيقِ بَيْعَهُ فَإِنَّهُمْ أَحَقُّ بِهِ وَإِلا فَهُوَ طَرِيقُهُ يَجِي‏ءُ حَتَّى يَجْلِسَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْبَابِ.

9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-Kahiliy from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a house which a certain people divided, each one took a piece, built and left in between a courtyard with the driveway on it. A man came and bought the share of someone among them; if he can do so. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so but he must close his door and open a door to a driveway or climb down from the top of the house and close its door. When the owner of the driveway decides to sell, they have the right more than others, otherwise, it is the pathway through which he comes to set on that door.’” 

10- حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِيثَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالا سَمِعْنَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ الشُّفْعَةُ لا تَكُونُ إِلا لِشَرِيكٍ لَمْ يُقَاسِمْ.

10. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from Ahmad ibn al-Hassan al-Mithamiy from Aban from abu al-‘Abbas and ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn abu ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “We heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘ Al-Shuf ’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) is applicable only between two partners who have not concluded their partnership.’” 

11- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) لا شُفْعَةَ فِي سَفِينَةٍ وَلا فِي نَهَرٍ وَلا فِي طَرِيقٍ. 

11. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘ Al-Shuf ’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) does not apply to ship, canal or road.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 5

Book 2, Chapter 138