Virtue and Excellence of Serving in the Army

Jihad of Man and Woman

Kinds of Jihad (struggle)

To Whom Does the Obligation of Jihad Apply, and to Whom it Does not Apply

Mobilization Along with People when there is Fear for al-Islam

Under Whose Command Obligatory Jihad Takes Place?

‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd and al-Mu’taziliy Groups’ Visiting abu ‘Abd Allah ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Recommendations of the Messenger of Allah and Amir al-Mu’minin, about Smaller Armed Expeditions

Chapter 9(a) - Granting Immunity

Chapter 9(b)

Chapter 9(c)

Challenging the Enemy for a Fight

Kindness to the Prisoners and Providing Him Food

Calling to al-Islam before Fighting

Chapter 13(a) - Matters about which Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s), Recommended at the Time of War

Chapter 13(b)

It is not Lawful for a Muslim to Reside in a War Zone

Chapter 15(a) - Distribution of the Properties Captured from the Enemy

Chapter 15(b)

Chapter 15(c)

The Slogan

The Virtue of Maintaining Horses, Racing and Sharp Shooting Contests

Man’s Defending Himself Against the Thief

The Case of one Murdered over His Stolen Property

Chapter 20(a) - The Excellence of Martyrdom

Chapter 20(b)

Chapter 20(c)

Commanding others what is Obligatory and to Prohibit them from doing Evil

Chapter 22(a) - Rejecting Evil in one’s Heart

Chapter 22(b)

The Case of those who Displease the Creator to Please the Creatures

It is Detestable to Expose One’s Self to What He Cannot Endure

Al-Sufiy People’s Visiting Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Meaning of Zuhd (Asceticism)

Using the Worldly Resources as Means for Success in the Hereafter

The Degree Of Efforts Which One Must Make In Search For One’s Sustenance To Follow In the Footsteps of ‘A’immah ‘Alayhim al-Salam

Promoting The Quest For Sustenance And Work To Make A Living

Al^Ibla’ (Trying) in the Work for Living

Meticulous Effort to Make a Living

Receiving Sustenance from Unexpected Sources

The Detestability of Sleeping and Passing Time without Work

Detestability of Laziness

One’s Working in His House

Amending one’s Properties and Planning for one’s Living

Hard Work for the Family

Earning Lawful kind of Sustenance

Saving for One’s Living Expenses

Detestability of Offering Oneself for Hire

Performing Personally one’s Business Tasks

Buying and Selling Real Estate

Debts and Borrowing

Payment of Debts

To Retaliate and Offset for Debts

When a Man Dies Payment of his Debts becomes Due

The Case of One Who Borrows But Does Not Intend To Pay Back

Sell off Debts in Exchange for Debts

Etiquette of Asking for Payment

The Case of Delaying Due Payment

Lodging With a Borrower When Demanding Payment

Chapter 28(a) - The Case of Gift to a Creditor

Chapter 28(b) - Bail out and Assignment or Referral

Working for al-Sultan and his Rewards

The Conditions to Work for al-Sultan

Selling Arms to al- Sultan

The Crafts (Technologies)

The Legal Status of Income from Cupping Operation

Income from Eulogizing Someone to Make People Mourn

The Legal Status of Income from Hairdressing and Circumcising

The Legal Status of the Income of Female Singer from Singing and Selling Singers (Slave-girls)

The Legal Status of Income from Teaching

The legal Status of Income from Selling Copies of the Holy Quran

Gambling and Looting

Earning in Unlawful ways

Unlawful Earnings in the form of al-Suht such as Buying and Selling of Intoxicating Liquors . . .

Consuming the Properties of Orphans

The Amount a Supervisor of the Properties of Orphans Can Lawfully Use

Using the Properties of Orphans in Business and Lending

Safe Return of Trust

A Father and Son’s Using Each Others Properties

A Husband and Wife’s Using Each Other’s Properties

Found and Lost Properties

Gifts and Presents

Rule about Unlawful Interest

Unlawful Interest Does Not Apply Between a Father and Son

The Excellence of Doing Business and Giving It Proper Attention

Etiquettes of Doing Business

Excellence of Keeping Accounts and Books

Entering the Market Before Others

Speaking of Allah, Most High, in the Market

Words to Say When Buying for Resale Purposes

People With Whom Doing Business Is Not Recommended

Using Proper and Improper Measurements in Business

Cheating in Business

Swearing at the Time of Buying and Selling

The Case of Prices of Goods

The Case of Monopolization (Hoarding) Goods in Public Demand

Another Chapter

Excellence of Buying Wheat and Food

Detestability of Estimating and Preferability of Using Measurements

Continuing Profitable Businesses

1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْهَاشِمِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ اكْتَرَى أَرْضاً مِنْ أَرْضِ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ مِنَ الْخَرَاجِ وَأَهْلُهَا كَارِهُونَ وَإِنَّمَا تَقَبَّلَهَا مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ لِعَجْزِ أَهْلِهَا عَنْهَا أَوْ غَيْرِ عَجْزٍ فَقَالَ إِذَا عَجَزَ أَرْبَابُهَا عَنْهَا فَلَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَهَا إِلا أَنْ يُضَارُّوا وَإِنْ أَعْطَيْتَهُمْ شَيْئاً فَسَخَتْ أَنْفُسُ أَهْلِهَا لَكُمْ بِهَا فَخُذُوهَا قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى مِنْهُمْ أَرْضاً مِنْ أَرَاضِي الْخَرَاجِ فَبَنَى فِيهَا أَوْ لَمْ يَبْنِ غَيْرَ أَنَّ أُنَاساً مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ نَزَلُوهَا أَلَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمْ أُجُورَ الْبُيُوتِ إِذَا أَدَّوْا جِزْيَةَ رُءُوسِهِمْ قَالَ يُشَارِطُهُمْ فَمَا أَخَذَ بَعْدَ الشَّرْطِ فَهُوَ حَلالٌ.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam and Humayd ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad from more than one person from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from ‘Isma’il ibn al-Fadl al-Hashimiy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who rents, from al-Sultan a piece of land of al-Kharaj that belongs to tax payers, because of the failure of the owners. He (the Imam) said, ‘If the owners fail, you can take such land unless it is harmful to the owners. If you pay a certain amount to the owners and it helps to make them agree, then you can have such land.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about the case of a man who bought a piece of al-Kharaj land, then built in it or not except that tax payer people arrived therein, if he could receive the rent of houses from them if they pay taxes on their persons. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must stipulate it with them and after stipulation it is lawful.’” 

2- الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ أَرْضَ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ إِذَا عَمَرُوهَا وَأَحْيَوْهَا فَهِيَ لَهُمْ.

2. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Aban from Zurarah who has said the following: “He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not unlawful if tax payers buy land, if they build and revive it, it becomes their land.’” 

3- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) وَعَنِ السَّابَاطِيِّ وَعَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّهُمْ سَأَلُوهُمَا عَنْ شِرَاءِ أَرْضِ الدَّهَاقِينِ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْجِزْيَةِ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ انْتُزِعَتْ مِنْكَ أَوْ تُؤَدِّيَ عَنْهَا مَا عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الْخَرَاجِ قَالَ عَمَّارٌ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ اشْتَرِهَا فَإِنَّ لَكَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ مَا هُوَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu Ja‘far (a.s.), and from al-Sabatiy and from Zurarah who has said the following: “This is regarding their question before one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about buying the land of farmers of al-Kharaj land. He (the Imam) (a.s.), said, ‘On its coming (the time of the rise of al-Mahdiy with Divine Authority and Power) the land will be taken away or you pay what is due on it of al-Kharaj.’ ‘Ammar has said that he (the Imam) then turned to me and said, “You can buy it because your right on it is more than that of others.’”” 

4- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْعَلاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شِرَاءِ أَرْضِ الذِّمَّةِ فَقَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِهَا فَتَكُونُ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِمْ تُؤَدِّي عَنْهَا كَمَا يُؤَدُّونَ قَالَ وَسَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ النِّيلِ عَنْ أَرْضٍ اشْتَرَاهَا بِفَمِ النِّيلِ فَأَهْلُ الأرْضِ يَقُولُونَ هِيَ أَرْضُهُمْ وَأَهْلُ الأسْتَانِ يَقُولُونَ هِيَ مِنْ أَرْضِنَا قَالَ لا تَشْتَرِهَا إِلا بِرِضَا أَهْلِهَا.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about buying the land of tax payers (non-Muslims). He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful. On its coming (the time of the rise of al-Mahdiy with Divine Authority and Power) you will pay what they pay.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about the case of a man from people of al-Nil and a land that he had bought at the outlet of al- Nil about which people of that area said it was their land and people of al-‘Ustan said it was of their land. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must not buy it without agreement of its owner.’” 

5- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مَرَّارٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنَّ لِي أَرْضَ خَرَاجٍ وَقَدْ ضِقْتُ بِهَا ذَرْعاً قَالَ فَسَكَتَ هُنَيْهَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ قَائِمَنَا لَوْ قَدْ قَامَ كَانَ نَصِيبُكَ فِي الأرْضِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْهَا وَلَوْ قَدْ قَامَ قَائِمُنَا (عجل الله تعالى فرجه) كَانَ الأسْتَانُ أَمْثَلَ مِنْ قَطَائِعِهِمْ. 

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Isma’il ibn Marrar from Yunus from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan from his father who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), that I had a piece of land of al-Kharaj which had caused to me great difficulties. He (the Imam) remained quiet for a while, then said, ‘On its coming (the time of the rise of al-Mahdiy with Divine Authority and Power) your share of the land will be greater than this and on such time ‘Ustan will be more ideal piece of land than their pieces.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 5

Book 2, Chapter 139