Virtue and Excellence of Serving in the Army

Jihad of Man and Woman

Kinds of Jihad (struggle)

To Whom Does the Obligation of Jihad Apply, and to Whom it Does not Apply

Mobilization Along with People when there is Fear for al-Islam

Under Whose Command Obligatory Jihad Takes Place?

‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd and al-Mu’taziliy Groups’ Visiting abu ‘Abd Allah ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Recommendations of the Messenger of Allah and Amir al-Mu’minin, about Smaller Armed Expeditions

Chapter 9(a) - Granting Immunity

Chapter 9(b)

Chapter 9(c)

Challenging the Enemy for a Fight

Kindness to the Prisoners and Providing Him Food

Calling to al-Islam before Fighting

Chapter 13(a) - Matters about which Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s), Recommended at the Time of War

Chapter 13(b)

It is not Lawful for a Muslim to Reside in a War Zone

Chapter 15(a) - Distribution of the Properties Captured from the Enemy

Chapter 15(b)

Chapter 15(c)

The Slogan

The Virtue of Maintaining Horses, Racing and Sharp Shooting Contests

Man’s Defending Himself Against the Thief

The Case of one Murdered over His Stolen Property

Chapter 20(a) - The Excellence of Martyrdom

Chapter 20(b)

Chapter 20(c)

Commanding others what is Obligatory and to Prohibit them from doing Evil

Chapter 22(a) - Rejecting Evil in one’s Heart

Chapter 22(b)

The Case of those who Displease the Creator to Please the Creatures

It is Detestable to Expose One’s Self to What He Cannot Endure

Al-Sufiy People’s Visiting Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Meaning of Zuhd (Asceticism)

Using the Worldly Resources as Means for Success in the Hereafter

The Degree Of Efforts Which One Must Make In Search For One’s Sustenance To Follow In the Footsteps of ‘A’immah ‘Alayhim al-Salam

Promoting The Quest For Sustenance And Work To Make A Living

Al^Ibla’ (Trying) in the Work for Living

Meticulous Effort to Make a Living

Receiving Sustenance from Unexpected Sources

The Detestability of Sleeping and Passing Time without Work

Detestability of Laziness

One’s Working in His House

Amending one’s Properties and Planning for one’s Living

Hard Work for the Family

Earning Lawful kind of Sustenance

Saving for One’s Living Expenses

Detestability of Offering Oneself for Hire

Performing Personally one’s Business Tasks

Buying and Selling Real Estate

Debts and Borrowing

Payment of Debts

To Retaliate and Offset for Debts

When a Man Dies Payment of his Debts becomes Due

The Case of One Who Borrows But Does Not Intend To Pay Back

Sell off Debts in Exchange for Debts

Etiquette of Asking for Payment

The Case of Delaying Due Payment

Lodging With a Borrower When Demanding Payment

Chapter 28(a) - The Case of Gift to a Creditor

Chapter 28(b) - Bail out and Assignment or Referral

Working for al-Sultan and his Rewards

The Conditions to Work for al-Sultan

Selling Arms to al- Sultan

The Crafts (Technologies)

The Legal Status of Income from Cupping Operation

Income from Eulogizing Someone to Make People Mourn

The Legal Status of Income from Hairdressing and Circumcising

The Legal Status of the Income of Female Singer from Singing and Selling Singers (Slave-girls)

The Legal Status of Income from Teaching

The legal Status of Income from Selling Copies of the Holy Quran

Gambling and Looting

Earning in Unlawful ways

Unlawful Earnings in the form of al-Suht such as Buying and Selling of Intoxicating Liquors . . .

Consuming the Properties of Orphans

The Amount a Supervisor of the Properties of Orphans Can Lawfully Use

Using the Properties of Orphans in Business and Lending

Safe Return of Trust

A Father and Son’s Using Each Others Properties

A Husband and Wife’s Using Each Other’s Properties

Found and Lost Properties

Gifts and Presents

Rule about Unlawful Interest

Unlawful Interest Does Not Apply Between a Father and Son

The Excellence of Doing Business and Giving It Proper Attention

Etiquettes of Doing Business

Excellence of Keeping Accounts and Books

Entering the Market Before Others

Speaking of Allah, Most High, in the Market

Words to Say When Buying for Resale Purposes

People With Whom Doing Business Is Not Recommended

Using Proper and Improper Measurements in Business

Cheating in Business

Swearing at the Time of Buying and Selling

The Case of Prices of Goods

The Case of Monopolization (Hoarding) Goods in Public Demand

Another Chapter

Excellence of Buying Wheat and Food

Detestability of Estimating and Preferability of Using Measurements

Continuing Profitable Businesses

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مَرَّارٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ الْمُسْلِمِ تَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ فِيهَا جَبَلٌ مِمَّا يُبَاعُ يَأْتِيهِ أَخُوهُ الْمُسْلِمُ وَلَهُ غَنَمٌ قَدِ احْتَاجَ إِلَى جَبَلٍ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ الْجَبَلَ كَمَا يَبِيعُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ أَوْ يَمْنَعَهُ مِنَ الْجَبَلِ إِنْ طَلَبَهُ بِغَيْرِ ثَمَنٍ وَكَيْفَ حَالُهُ فِيهِ وَمَا يَأْخُذُهُ قَالَ لا يَجُوزُ لَهُ بَيْعُ جَبَلِهِ مِنْ أَخِيهِ لأنَّ الْجَبَلَ لَيْسَ جَبَلَهُ إِنَّمَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ الْبَيْعُ مِنْ غَيْرِ الْمُسْلِمِ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Isma’il ibn Marrar from Yunus from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “Regarding my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is Muslim and has an asset in the mountains which is sold and his Muslim brother comes who has sheep and needs a mountain, if it is lawful to sell the mountain as he sells to others or deny him use of the mountain if he asks without payment and how is his condition and what he takes. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not lawful for him to sell his mountain to his brother because the mountain is not his mountain, he can only sell it to non-Muslims.”’ 

2- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَسَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ إِدْرِيسَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ وَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ لَنَا ضِيَاعاً وَلَهَا حُدُودٌ وَفِيهَا مَرَاعِي وَلِلرَّجُلِ مِنَّا غَنَمٌ وَإِبِلٌ وَيَحْتَاجُ إِلَى تِلْكَ الْمَرَاعِي لإبِلِهِ وَغَنَمِهِ أَيَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَحْمِيَ الْمَرَاعِيَ لِحَاجَتِهِ إِلَيْهَا فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَتِ الأرْضُ أَرْضَهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَحْمِيَ وَيُصَيِّرَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ وَقُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَبِيعُ الْمَرَاعِيَ فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَتِ الأرْضُ أَرْضَهُ فَلا بَأْسَ.

2. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from and Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Idris ibn Zayd who has said the following: “Regarding my question before abu al-Hassan (a.s.), - after saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, we have a property that has boundaries and a pasture - about a man from us who has sheep and camel. He needs those pastures for his camel and sheep if it is permissible for him to preserve and protect the pastures for his needs.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If the land is his land he has the right to reserve and keep it for his needs.’ I then asked, ‘Can the man sell the pastures?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If the land is his land, it is not unlawful to do so.’” 

3- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ وَتَكُونُ لَهَا حُدُودٌ تَبْلُغُ حُدُودُهَا عِشْرِينَ مِيلا وَأَقَلَّ وَأَكْثَرَ يَأْتِيهِ الرَّجُلُ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ أَعْطِنِي مِنْ مَرَاعِي ضَيْعَتِكَ وَأُعْطِيَكَ كَذَا وَكَذَا دِرْهَماً فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَتِ الضَّيْعَةُ لَهُ فَلا بَأْسَ.

3. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of a man who has a property which has boundaries that extend for about twenty miles or less or more and a man comes and says, ‘If you give to me from your pastures I will give you so and so amount of dirham. He (the Imam) said, ‘If the property is his property it is not unlawful.’” 

4- حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ بَيْعِ الْكَلإ إِذَا كَانَ سَيْحاً فَيَعْمِدُ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى مَائِهِ فَيَسُوقُهُ إِلَى الأرْضِ فَيَسْقِيهِ الْحَشِيشَ وَهُوَ الَّذِي حَفَرَ النَّهَرَ وَلَهُ الْمَاءُ يَزْرَعُ بِهِ مَا شَاءَ فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ لَهُ فَلْيَزْرَعْ بِهِ مَا شَاءَ وَيَبِيعُهُ بِمَا أَحَبَّ قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ بَيْعِ حَصَائِدِ الْحِنْطَةِ وَالشَّعِيرِ وَسَائِرِ الْحَصَائِدِ فَقَالَ حَلالٌ فَلْيَبِعْهُ إِنْ شَاءَ.

4. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from Ja’far ibn Sama‘ah from Aban from ‘Isma’il ibn al-Fadl who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man’s selling pastures which needs watering. He works to provide water for its grass and he is the one who has dug the well and canal and he has water for the plantation of whatever he likes to cultivate. He (the Imam) said, ‘If water belongs to him he can cultivate whatever he likes and sell to whoever he likes.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about selling the remaining portions of wheat or barley stems after harvest. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is lawful, thus, he can sell if he wants.’” 

5- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الدِّهْقَانِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْكَلإ وَالْمَرَاعِي فَقَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ قَدْ حَمَى رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) النَّقِيعَ لِخَيْلِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. 

5. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ‘Ubayd Allah al-Dihqan from Musa ibn Ibrahim who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about selling grass and pastures. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful, the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, had reserved al-Naqi‘ (name of a place) for the horses of the Muslims.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 5

Book 2, Chapter 135