Virtue and Excellence of Serving in the Army

Jihad of Man and Woman

Kinds of Jihad (struggle)

To Whom Does the Obligation of Jihad Apply, and to Whom it Does not Apply

Mobilization Along with People when there is Fear for al-Islam

Under Whose Command Obligatory Jihad Takes Place?

‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd and al-Mu’taziliy Groups’ Visiting abu ‘Abd Allah ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Recommendations of the Messenger of Allah and Amir al-Mu’minin, about Smaller Armed Expeditions

Chapter 9(a) - Granting Immunity

Chapter 9(b)

Chapter 9(c)

Challenging the Enemy for a Fight

Kindness to the Prisoners and Providing Him Food

Calling to al-Islam before Fighting

Chapter 13(a) - Matters about which Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s), Recommended at the Time of War

Chapter 13(b)

It is not Lawful for a Muslim to Reside in a War Zone

Chapter 15(a) - Distribution of the Properties Captured from the Enemy

Chapter 15(b)

Chapter 15(c)

The Slogan

The Virtue of Maintaining Horses, Racing and Sharp Shooting Contests

Man’s Defending Himself Against the Thief

The Case of one Murdered over His Stolen Property

Chapter 20(a) - The Excellence of Martyrdom

Chapter 20(b)

Chapter 20(c)

Commanding others what is Obligatory and to Prohibit them from doing Evil

Chapter 22(a) - Rejecting Evil in one’s Heart

Chapter 22(b)

The Case of those who Displease the Creator to Please the Creatures

It is Detestable to Expose One’s Self to What He Cannot Endure

Al-Sufiy People’s Visiting Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Meaning of Zuhd (Asceticism)

Using the Worldly Resources as Means for Success in the Hereafter

The Degree Of Efforts Which One Must Make In Search For One’s Sustenance To Follow In the Footsteps of ‘A’immah ‘Alayhim al-Salam

Promoting The Quest For Sustenance And Work To Make A Living

Al^Ibla’ (Trying) in the Work for Living

Meticulous Effort to Make a Living

Receiving Sustenance from Unexpected Sources

The Detestability of Sleeping and Passing Time without Work

Detestability of Laziness

One’s Working in His House

Amending one’s Properties and Planning for one’s Living

Hard Work for the Family

Earning Lawful kind of Sustenance

Saving for One’s Living Expenses

Detestability of Offering Oneself for Hire

Performing Personally one’s Business Tasks

Buying and Selling Real Estate

Debts and Borrowing

Payment of Debts

To Retaliate and Offset for Debts

When a Man Dies Payment of his Debts becomes Due

The Case of One Who Borrows But Does Not Intend To Pay Back

Sell off Debts in Exchange for Debts

Etiquette of Asking for Payment

The Case of Delaying Due Payment

Lodging With a Borrower When Demanding Payment

Chapter 28(a) - The Case of Gift to a Creditor

Chapter 28(b) - Bail out and Assignment or Referral

Working for al-Sultan and his Rewards

The Conditions to Work for al-Sultan

Selling Arms to al- Sultan

The Crafts (Technologies)

The Legal Status of Income from Cupping Operation

Income from Eulogizing Someone to Make People Mourn

The Legal Status of Income from Hairdressing and Circumcising

The Legal Status of the Income of Female Singer from Singing and Selling Singers (Slave-girls)

The Legal Status of Income from Teaching

The legal Status of Income from Selling Copies of the Holy Quran

Gambling and Looting

Earning in Unlawful ways

Unlawful Earnings in the form of al-Suht such as Buying and Selling of Intoxicating Liquors . . .

Consuming the Properties of Orphans

The Amount a Supervisor of the Properties of Orphans Can Lawfully Use

Using the Properties of Orphans in Business and Lending

Safe Return of Trust

A Father and Son’s Using Each Others Properties

A Husband and Wife’s Using Each Other’s Properties

Found and Lost Properties

Gifts and Presents

Rule about Unlawful Interest

Unlawful Interest Does Not Apply Between a Father and Son

The Excellence of Doing Business and Giving It Proper Attention

Etiquettes of Doing Business

Excellence of Keeping Accounts and Books

Entering the Market Before Others

Speaking of Allah, Most High, in the Market

Words to Say When Buying for Resale Purposes

People With Whom Doing Business Is Not Recommended

Using Proper and Improper Measurements in Business

Cheating in Business

Swearing at the Time of Buying and Selling

The Case of Prices of Goods

The Case of Monopolization (Hoarding) Goods in Public Demand

Another Chapter

Excellence of Buying Wheat and Food

Detestability of Estimating and Preferability of Using Measurements

Continuing Profitable Businesses

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) لا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ زَرْعاً أَخْضَرَ ثُمَّ تَتْرُكَهُ حَتَّى تَحْصُدَهُ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَوْ تَعْلِفَهُ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُسَنْبِلَ وَهُوَ حَشِيشٌ وَقَالَ لا بَأْسَ أَيْضاً أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ زَرْعاً قَدْ سَنْبَلَ وَبَلَغَ بِحِنْطَةٍ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not unlawful to buy a plantation when it is green, then leave it until the harvest time, if you like or use it for animal feed before wheat ears appear when it is only grass.’ He (the Imam) has said, ‘It is not unlawful to buy plantations in which the ears have appeared and wheat has formed.’” 

2- عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَيَحِلُّ شِرَاءُ الزَّرْعِ أَخْضَرَ قَالَ نَعَمْ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

2. Ali has narrated from his father from Hammad from Hariz from Bukayr ibn ‘A‘yan who has said the following: “Upon my asking abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about buying a plantation when it only is green, he (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’” 

3- عَنْهُ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ مِثْلَهُ وَقَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ الزَّرْعَ أَوِ الْقَصِيلَ أَخْضَرَ ثُمَّ تَتْرُكَهُ إِنْ شِئْتَ حَتَّى يُسَنْبِلَ ثُمَّ تَحْصُدَهُ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تَعْلِفَ دَابَّتَكَ قَصِيلا فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسَنْبِلَ فَأَمَّا إِذَا سَنْبَلَ فَلا تَعْلِفْهُ رَأْساً فَإِنَّهُ فَسَادٌ.

3. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Zurarah a similar Hadith. “He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not unlawful to buy a plantation or greenery, then leave it, if you like, until the ears appear, then harvest, or if you like use it as animal feed as grass and it is not unlawful before ears appear, and when the ears appear then do not use it (ears) as animal feed because it is destroying.’” 

4- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنِ الْمُثَنَّى الْحَنَّاطِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي زَرْعٍ بِيعَ وَهُوَ حَشِيشٌ ثُمَّ سَنْبَلَ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ إِذَا قَالَ أَبْتَاعُ مِنْكَ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ هَذَا الزَّرْعِ فَإِذَا اشْتَرَاهُ وَهُوَ حَشِيشٌ فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَعْفَاهُ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَبَّصَ بِهِ.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Muthanna’ al- Hannat from Zurarah who has said the following: “About the case of a plantation which is sold when it is only grass, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not unlawful if he says, “I buy from you what comes out of this plantation.” If he buys it when it is only grass he can use it or if he likes he can wait (until harvest time).”’ 

5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ قُلْتُ وَمَا هُوَ قَالَ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ حَمْلَ النَّخْلِ بِالتَّمْرِ وَالزَّرْعَ بِالْحِنْطَةِ.

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Safwan from Aban from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn abu ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited al- Muhaqalah and al-Muzabanah .’ I then asked, ‘What are they?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is selling what a palm tree has just conceived in exchange for dates and green plantation for wheat.’” 

6- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شِرَاءِ الْقَصِيلِ يَشْتَرِيهِ الرَّجُلُ فَلا يَقْصِلُهُ وَيَبْدُو لَهُ فِي تَرْكِهِ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ سُنْبُلُهُ شَعِيراً أَوْ حِنْطَةً وَقَدِ اشْتَرَاهُ مِنْ أَصْلِهِ عَلَى أَنَّ مَا بِهِ مِنْ خَرَاجٍ عَلَى الْعِلْجِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ اشْتَرَطَ حِينَ اشْتَرَاهُ إِنْ شَاءَ قَطَعَهُ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ كَمَا هُوَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ سُنْبُلا وَإِلا فَلا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ سُنْبُلا.

6. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “Upon my asking abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who buys green plantation, then he decides to leave it until ears appear as barley or wheat when basically he had purchased as such that the tax is on the infidel to pay. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has bought it with the condition at the time of purchase that if he likes he can leave it as it is until the ears appear, otherwise, it is not proper for him to leave it until the ears appear.’” 

7- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) نَحْوَهُ وَزَادَ فِيهِ فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ طَسْقَهُ وَنَفَقَتَهُ وَلَهُ مَا خَرَجَ مِنْهُ.

7. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from abu Ayyub from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “Sama‘ah has narrated a similar Hadith from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), with this addition, ‘If he leaves it until ears appear, he is responsible for its maintenance and expenses and he can have whatever comes out thereof.”’ 

8- عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ زَرَعَ زَرْعاً مُسْلِماً كَانَ أَوْ مُعَاهَداً فَأَنْفَقَ فِيهِ نَفَقَةً ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ فِي بَيْعِهِ لِنَقْلِهِ يَنْتَقِلُ مِنْ مَكَانِهِ أَوْ لِحَاجَةٍ قَالَ يَشْتَرِيهِ بِالْوَرِقِ فَإِنَّ أَصْلَهُ طَعَامٌ.

8. ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa has narrated from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “Upon my asking him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man who establishes a plantation, who is a Muslim or tax payer, maintains it and incurs expenses on it, then he decides to sell it because of his relocating or other needs. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can buy it (with al-warzq, as leaves not as grains) because its origin is from foodstuff.’” 

9- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ رَخَّصَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فِي الْعَرَايَا بِأَنْ تُشْتَرَى بِخِرْصِهَا تَمْراً وَقَالَ الْعَرَايَا جَمْعُ عَرِيَّةٍ وَهِيَ النَّخْلَةُ تَكُونُ لِلرَّجُلِ فِي دَارِ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَيَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا بِخِرْصِهَا تَمْراً وَلا يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ فِي غَيْرِهِ. 

9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, granted permission for the sale of al-‘Ara’ya ’ by estimating it as dates. Al-‘Ara’ya’ is a palm tree that belongs to someone but it is in other person’s house, in this case it is permissible to sell it by estimation and it is not permissible in other things.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 5

Book 2, Chapter 134