Virtue and Excellence of Serving in the Army

Jihad of Man and Woman

Kinds of Jihad (struggle)

To Whom Does the Obligation of Jihad Apply, and to Whom it Does not Apply

Mobilization Along with People when there is Fear for al-Islam

Under Whose Command Obligatory Jihad Takes Place?

‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd and al-Mu’taziliy Groups’ Visiting abu ‘Abd Allah ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Recommendations of the Messenger of Allah and Amir al-Mu’minin, about Smaller Armed Expeditions

Chapter 9(a) - Granting Immunity

Chapter 9(b)

Chapter 9(c)

Challenging the Enemy for a Fight

Kindness to the Prisoners and Providing Him Food

Calling to al-Islam before Fighting

Chapter 13(a) - Matters about which Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s), Recommended at the Time of War

Chapter 13(b)

It is not Lawful for a Muslim to Reside in a War Zone

Chapter 15(a) - Distribution of the Properties Captured from the Enemy

Chapter 15(b)

Chapter 15(c)

The Slogan

The Virtue of Maintaining Horses, Racing and Sharp Shooting Contests

Man’s Defending Himself Against the Thief

The Case of one Murdered over His Stolen Property

Chapter 20(a) - The Excellence of Martyrdom

Chapter 20(b)

Chapter 20(c)

Commanding others what is Obligatory and to Prohibit them from doing Evil

Chapter 22(a) - Rejecting Evil in one’s Heart

Chapter 22(b)

The Case of those who Displease the Creator to Please the Creatures

It is Detestable to Expose One’s Self to What He Cannot Endure

Al-Sufiy People’s Visiting Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Meaning of Zuhd (Asceticism)

Using the Worldly Resources as Means for Success in the Hereafter

The Degree Of Efforts Which One Must Make In Search For One’s Sustenance To Follow In the Footsteps of ‘A’immah ‘Alayhim al-Salam

Promoting The Quest For Sustenance And Work To Make A Living

Al^Ibla’ (Trying) in the Work for Living

Meticulous Effort to Make a Living

Receiving Sustenance from Unexpected Sources

The Detestability of Sleeping and Passing Time without Work

Detestability of Laziness

One’s Working in His House

Amending one’s Properties and Planning for one’s Living

Hard Work for the Family

Earning Lawful kind of Sustenance

Saving for One’s Living Expenses

Detestability of Offering Oneself for Hire

Performing Personally one’s Business Tasks

Buying and Selling Real Estate

Debts and Borrowing

Payment of Debts

To Retaliate and Offset for Debts

When a Man Dies Payment of his Debts becomes Due

The Case of One Who Borrows But Does Not Intend To Pay Back

Sell off Debts in Exchange for Debts

Etiquette of Asking for Payment

The Case of Delaying Due Payment

Lodging With a Borrower When Demanding Payment

Chapter 28(a) - The Case of Gift to a Creditor

Chapter 28(b) - Bail out and Assignment or Referral

Working for al-Sultan and his Rewards

The Conditions to Work for al-Sultan

Selling Arms to al- Sultan

The Crafts (Technologies)

The Legal Status of Income from Cupping Operation

Income from Eulogizing Someone to Make People Mourn

The Legal Status of Income from Hairdressing and Circumcising

The Legal Status of the Income of Female Singer from Singing and Selling Singers (Slave-girls)

The Legal Status of Income from Teaching

The legal Status of Income from Selling Copies of the Holy Quran

Gambling and Looting

Earning in Unlawful ways

Unlawful Earnings in the form of al-Suht such as Buying and Selling of Intoxicating Liquors . . .

Consuming the Properties of Orphans

The Amount a Supervisor of the Properties of Orphans Can Lawfully Use

Using the Properties of Orphans in Business and Lending

Safe Return of Trust

A Father and Son’s Using Each Others Properties

A Husband and Wife’s Using Each Other’s Properties

Found and Lost Properties

Gifts and Presents

Rule about Unlawful Interest

Unlawful Interest Does Not Apply Between a Father and Son

The Excellence of Doing Business and Giving It Proper Attention

Etiquettes of Doing Business

Excellence of Keeping Accounts and Books

Entering the Market Before Others

Speaking of Allah, Most High, in the Market

Words to Say When Buying for Resale Purposes

People With Whom Doing Business Is Not Recommended

Using Proper and Improper Measurements in Business

Cheating in Business

Swearing at the Time of Buying and Selling

The Case of Prices of Goods

The Case of Monopolization (Hoarding) Goods in Public Demand

Another Chapter

Excellence of Buying Wheat and Food

Detestability of Estimating and Preferability of Using Measurements

Continuing Profitable Businesses

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَسْتَقْرِضُ الدَّرَاهِمَ الْبِيضَ عَدَداً ثُمَّ يُعْطِي سُوداً وَقَدْ عَرَفَ أَنَّهَا أَثْقَلُ مِمَّا أَخَذَ وَتَطِيبُ نَفْسُهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ لَهُ فَضْلَهَا فَقَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ شَرْطٌ وَلَوْ وَهَبَهَا لَهُ كُلَّهَا صَلَحَ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who took a loan of white dirham by numbers, then gave black ones, knowing that they are heavier than what he had taken and he was pleased to make the extra for him. He (the Imam) said, it is not unlawful if there is no stipulation or if he gives it as a gift; all is valid.”’ 

2- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَقْرَضَ رَجُلا دَرَاهِمَ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ أَجْوَدَ مِنْهَا بِطِيبَةِ نَفْسِهِ وَقَدْ عَلِمَ الْمُسْتَقْرِضُ وَالْقَارِضُ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَقْرَضَهُ لِيُعْطِيَهُ أَجْوَدَ مِنْهَا قَالَ لا بَأْسَ إِذَا طَابَتْ نَفْسُ الْمُسْتَقْرِضِ.

2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn Mahbub from Khalid ibn Jarir from abu al-Rabi‘ who has said the following: “Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who gave a loan to another man who paid it back with better dirhams without compulsion, and the creditor knew it as well as the debtor that the loan was given to receive payment with the better dirhams. He (the Imam) said, it is not unlawful.’” 

3- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا أَقْرَضْتَ الدَّرَاهِمَ ثُمَّ أَتَاكَ بِخَيْرٍ مِنْهَا فَلا بَأْسَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَكُمَا شَرْطٌ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If you give dirhams as a loan, then the party pays you back with better ones, it is not unlawful, if there is no stipulation between you.’” 

4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُقْرِضُ الرَّجُلَ الدَّرَاهِمَ الْغِلَّةَ فَيَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ الدَّرَاهِمَ الطَّازَجِيَّةَ طَيِّبَةً بِهَا نَفْسُهُ فَقَالَ لا بَأْسَ وَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام).

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan from Ya’qub ibn Shu’ayb who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who gave impure dirhams as a loan to another man, who then paid him back with better dirhams without compulsion. He (the Imam) said, it is not unlawful and it is from Ali (a.s.).’” 

5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) كَانَ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ الثَّنِيُّ فَيُعْطِي الرَّبَاعَ.

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from Yunus ibn Ya’qub from abu Maryam who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, whenever owing something to someone would pay back heavier.’” 

6- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَسْتَقْرِضُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الدَّرَاهِمَ فَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ الْمِثْقَالَ أَوْ يَسْتَقْرِضُ الْمِثْقَالَ فَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ الدَّرَاهِمَ فَقَالَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ شَرْطٌ فَلا بَأْسَ وَذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَضْلُ إِنَّ أَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللهُ كَانَ يَسْتَقْرِضُ الدَّرَاهِمَ الْفُسُولَةَ فَيُدْخِلُ عَلَيْهِ الدَّرَاهِمَ الْجِلالَ فَقَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ رُدَّهَا عَلَى الَّذِي اسْتَقْرَضْتُهَا مِنْهُ فَأَقُولُ يَا أَبَهْ إِنَّ دَرَاهِمَهُ كَانَتْ فُسُولَةً وَهَذِهِ خَيْرٌ مِنْهَا فَيَقُولُ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّ هَذَا هُوَ الْفَضْلُ فَأَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهَا.

6. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who borrowed from another man dirham and returned with a Mithqal (a certain unit of weight) or borrowed a Mithqal and paid back with dirham. He (the Imam) said, ‘If there is no stipulation it is not unlawful, it is only extra. My father would borrow dirhams of low quality and pay back with dirhams of high quality and say to me, “My son, pay it back to the one from whom I have borrowed.” I would say, “Father, the dirhams you borrowed were of low quality and these are better.” He (the Imam) would say, ‘My son, it is an extra favor. Give it back to him.’” 

7- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ جُلَّةٌ مِنْ بُسْرٍ فَيَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ جُلَّةً مِنْ رُطَبٍ وَهِيَ أَقَلُّ مِنْهَا قَالَ لا بَأْسَ قُلْتُ فَيَكُونُ لِي عَلَيْهِ جُلَّةٌ مِنْ بُسْرٍ فَ‏آخُذُ مِنْهُ جُلَّةً مِنْ تَمْرٍ وَهِيَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْهَا قَالَ لا بَأْسَ إِذَا كَانَ مَعْرُوفاً بَيْنَكُمَا. 

7. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Ali ibn al-Nu’man from Ya’qub ibn Shu’ayb who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who owed a basket of dry dates and got back a basket of fresh dates which was less. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I then asked, ‘What will happen if he owes to me a basket of dry dates and I take from him a basket of fresh dates which is more?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful if it is a known practice between the two of you.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 5

Book 2, Chapter 118