Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلسَّحُورِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ اَلصَّوْمَ فَقَالَ» أَمَّا فِي رَمَضَانَ فَإِنَّ اَلْفَضْلَ فِي اَلسَّحُورِ وَ لَوْ بِشَرْبَةٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ فَأَمَّا اَلتَّطَوُّعُ فِي غَيْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَتَسَحَّرَ فَلْيَفْعَلْ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ فَلاَ بَأْسَ«.

Al-Husayn ibn Said, from al-Hasan, from Zurah, from Samaah, who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about ‘the pre-dawn meal (al-suhur) for one who intends to fast.’ Imam (a.s) said: “As for (month of) Ramadan, the merit is in the pre-dawn meal (al-suhur), even if only with a drink of water. As for voluntary fasting outside (month of) Ramadan, whoever wishes to take the pre-dawn meal, let him do so, and whoever does not do so, there is no problem.”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يُوسُفَ عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ جُمَيْعٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ:» تَسَحَّرُوا وَ لَوْ بِجُرَعِ اَلْمَاءِ أَلاَ صَلَوَاتُُ اَللَّهِ عَلَى اَلْمُتَسَحِّرِينَ«.

Ali ibn al-Hasan, from al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Yusuf, from Muadh ibn Thabit Abu al-Hasan, from Amr ibn Jumay, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, from his father (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “The Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, said: ‘Take the pre-dawn meal, even with mouthfuls of water. Indeed, the blessings of Allah (swt) are upon those who take the pre-dawn meal (al-suhur).’”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ اَلْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: »أَفْضَلُ سَحُورِكُمُ اَلسَّوِيقُ وَ اَلتَّمْرُ«.

And from him, from Yaqub ibn Yazid, from Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtari, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam (a.s) said: “The best of your pre-dawn (al-suhur) meals is al-sawiq and dates.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اَلنَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ اَلسَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ:» اَلسَّحُورُ بَرَكَةٌ« قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ» لاَ تَدَعْ أُمَّتِيَ اَلسَّحُورَ وَ لَوْ عَلَى حَشَفَةٍ«.

Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from al-Nawfali, from al-Sakuni, from Imam Jafar al-Sadiq (a.s), from his fathers (a.s), peace be upon them, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “The Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, said: ‘The pre-dawn meal (al-suhur) is a blessing.’” Imam (a.s) said: “The Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, said: ‘My community must not abandon the pre-dawn meal (al-suhur), even if only upon a poor-quality dried date (hashafah).”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يُوسُفَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلسَّلاَمِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ:» كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ يُفْطِرُ عَلَى اَلْأَسْوَدَيْنِ« قُلْتُ رَحِمَكَ اَللَّهُ وَ مَا اَلْأَسْوَدَانِ قَالَ» اَلتَّمْرُ وَ اَلْمَاءُ وَ اَلزَّبِيبُ وَ اَلْمَاءُ وَ يَتَسَحَّرُ بِهِمَا«.

Ali ibn al-Hasan, from al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Yusuf, from Abd al-Salam ibn Salim, from Sayf ibn Amirah, from Amr ibn Shimr, from Jabir, who said: I (narrator) heard Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, saying: “The Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, would break the fast upon the two black things.” I (narrator) asked: “May Allah (swt) have mercy on you, and what are the two black things?” Imam (a.s) said: “Dates and water, and raisins and water, and He (saws) would take the pre-dawn meal (al-suhur) with them both.”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ فُضَيْلٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:» فِي رَمَضَانَ تُصَلِّي ثُمَّ تُفْطِرُ إِلاَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ مَعَ قَوْمٍ يَنْتَظِرُونَ اَلْإِفْطَارَ فَإِنْ كُنْتَ مَعَهُمْ فَلاَ تُخَالِفْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ أَفْطِرْ ثُمَّ صَلِّ وَ إِلاَّ فَابْدَأْ بِالصَّلاَةِ« قُلْتُ وَ لِمَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ» لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ حَضَرَكَ فَرْضَانِ اَلْإِفْطَارُ وَ اَلصَّلاَةُ فَابْدَأْ بِأَفْضَلِهِمَا وَ أَفْضَلُهُمَا اَلصَّلاَةُ« ثُمَّ قَالَ» تُصَلِّي وَ أَنْتَ صَائِمٌ فَتُكْتَبُ صَلاَتُكَ تِلْكَ فَتَخْتِمُ بِالصَّوْمِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ«.

Ali ibn al-Hasan, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Najran, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Hariz, from Zurarah and Fudayl, from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam (a.s) said: “In (month of) Ramadan, you pray (salah) and then break the fast, unless you are with people who are waiting for the breaking of the fast. If you are with the people, then do not oppose them; break the fast, then pray. Otherwise, begin with the prayer (and then break the fast).” I (narrator) asked: “And why is that?” Imam (a.s) said: “Because two obligations have come upon you; breaking the fast and prayer. So begin with the better of the two, and the better of the two is prayer.” Then Imam (a.s) said: “That you pray while you are fasting, so that prayer of yours is written and you seal it with fasting, is more beloved to me (the Imams (a.s)).”

سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ اَلرَّازِيِّ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ:» تَعَاوَنُوا بِأَكْلِ اَلسَّحُورِ عَلَى صِيَامِ اَلنَّهَارِ وَبِالنَّوْمِ عِنْدَ اَلْقَيْلُولَةِ عَلَى قِيَامِ اَللَّيْلِ«.

Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Abu Abdullah, from Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Razi, from al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Hamzah, from Rifaah ibn Musa, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, from his father (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “The Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, said, ‘Assist one another, by eating the pre-dawn meal (al-suhur), in fasting the day, and by sleeping at the midday nap (al-qaylulah), in standing during the night.’”

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» اَلْإِفْطَارُ عَلَى اَلْمَاءِ يَغْسِلُ ذُنُوبَ اَلْقَلْبِ«.

Al-Husayn ibn Said, from Ibn Sinan, from a man, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam (a.s) said: “Breaking the fast upon water washes away the sins of the heart.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا رَفَعَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» لَوْ أَنَّ اَلنَّاسَ تَسَحَّرُوا وَ لَمْ يُفْطِرُوا عَلَى مَاءٍ مَا قَدَرُوا وَ اَللَّهِ أَنْ يَصُومُوا اَلدَّهْرَ«.

And from him, from some of our companions, raising it, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam (a.s) said: “If the people were to take the pre-dawn meal (al-suhur) and not break their fast upon water, by Allah (swt), they would not be able to fast perpetually.”

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ:» أَنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ :كَانَ يَسْتَحِبُّ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ عَلَى اَللَّبَنِ«.

Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa, from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim, from Jafar, from his father: Imam (a.s) said: “That Imam Ali (a.s), peace be upon him, used to like breaking the fast upon milk.”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ أَحْمَدَ اِبْنَيِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِمَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» يُسْتَحَبُّ لِلصَّائِمِ إِنْ قَوِيَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ«.

Ali ibn al-Hasan, from Muhammad and Ahmad, the two sons of al-Hasan, from their father, from Abdullah ibn Bukayr, from some of our companions, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam (a.s) said: “It is recommended for the fasting person, if he is able to do that, to pray (salah) before he breaks the fast.”