Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

قال الشيخ رحمه الله:) فإذا بلغ أحد هذه الاشياء خمسة أوساق وجبت فيه الزكاة، يخرج منه العشر إن كان سقي سيحا ونصف العشر إن كان سقي بالغرب والنواضح والدوالي(.

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “When any one of these things reaches five wasqs (awsaq), zakat becomes obligatory on it. One-tenth is taken out from it if it was watered by flowing water (sayh), and half of one-tenth if it was watered by buckets (gharb), water-drawing animals (nawadih), and water-wheels (dawali).” (Five wasqs is the minimum threshold for zakat on agricultural produce, such as grains. This exact volume is equal to 300 sa’, which roughly translates to 612 kg to 900 kg, depending on the weigh of the produce)

يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَا رَوَاهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» مَا أَنْبَتَتِ اَلْأَرْضُ مِنَ اَلْحِنْطَةِ وَ اَلشَّعِيرِ وَ اَلتَّمْرِ وَاَلزَّبِيبِ مَا بَلَغَ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسَاقٍ وَاَلْوَسْقُ سِتُّونَ صَاعاً فَذَلِكَ ثَلاَثُمِائَةِ صَاعٍ فَفِيهِ اَلْعُشْرُ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْهُ يُسْقَى بِالرِّشَاءِ وَاَلدَّوَالِي وَاَلنَّوَاضِحِ فَفِيهِ نِصْفُ اَلْعُشْرِ وَ مَا سَقَتِ اَلسَّمَاءُ أَوِ اَلسَّيْحُ أَوْ كَانَ بَعْلاً فَفِيهِ اَلْعُشْرُ تَامّاً وَ لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ اَلثَّلاَثِمِائَةِ صَاعٍ شَيْءٌ وَ لَيْسَ فِيمَا أَنْبَتَتِ اَلْأَرْضُ شَيْءٌ إِلاَّ فِي هَذِهِ اَلْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْيَاءَ«.

Sa’ad ibn Abdullah narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from his father and al-Husayn ibn Said from Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr from Umar ibn Udhaynah from Zurarah from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “Whatever the earth produces of wheat, barley, dates, and raisins, when it reaches five awsaq, and the wasq is sixty sa’, then that is three hundred sa’, then in it is the tenth (10%). And whatever of it is watered by ropes (al-risha), waterwheels (al-dawali), and water-carrying camels (al-nawadih), then in it is half of the tenth (5%). And whatever the sky waters, or flowing water (al-sayh), or it is rain-fed land (bal), then in it is the complete tenth (10%). And there is nothing due on what is less than three hundred sa’. And there is nothing due in what the earth produces except in these four things.”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَخَوَيْهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِمَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» فِي زَكَاةِ اَلْحِنْطَةِ وَ اَلشَّعِيرِ وَ اَلتَّمْرِ وَ اَلزَّبِيبِ لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ اَلْخَمْسَةِ أَوْسَاقٍ زَكَاةٌ فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسَاقٍ وَجَبَتْ فِيهِ اَلزَّكَاةُ وَاَلْوَسْقُ سِتُّونَ صَاعاً فَذَلِكَ ثَلاَثُمِائَةِ صَاعٍ بِصَاعِ اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَ اَلزَّكَاةُ فِيهَا اَلْعُشْرُ فِيمَا سَقَتِ اَلسَّمَاءُ أَوْ كَانَ سَيْحاً أَوْ نِصْفُ اَلْعُشْرِ فِيمَا سُقِيَ بِالْغَرْبِ وَاَلنَّوَاضِحِ«.

Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Faddal from his two brothers from their father from Ali ibn Uqbah from Abdullah ibn Bukayr from some of our companions from one of the two Imams (a.s), peace be upon them, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “Regarding the zakat of wheat, barley, dates, and raisins, there is no zakat on what is less than five awsaq. Then when it reaches five awsaq, zakat becomes obligatory in it. The wasq is sixty sa’, so that is three hundred sa’ according to the sa’ of the Holy Prophet (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family. The zakat in it is the tenth (10%) in what the sky waters or what is flowing water, Or half of the tenth (5%) in what is watered by the bucket (al-gharb) and the water-carrying camels (al-nawadih).”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اَللَّهِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ فِي كَمْ تَجِبُ اَلزَّكَاةُ مِنَ اَلْحِنْطَةِ وَ اَلشَّعِيرِ وَ اَلتَّمْرِ وَ اَلزَّبِيبِ قَالَ» فِي سِتِّينَ صَاعاً« وَ قَالَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ» لَيْسَ فِي اَلنَّخْلِ صَدَقَةٌ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسَاقٍ وَ اَلْعِنَبُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسَاقٍ زَبِيباً وَاَلْوَسْقُ سِتُّونَ صَاعاً« وَ قَالَ» فِي صَدَقَةِ مَا سُقِيَ بِالْغَرْبِ نِصْفُ اَلصَّدَقَةِ وَ مَا سَقَتِ اَلسَّمَاءُ وَ اَلْأَنْهَارُ أَوْ كَانَ بَعْلاً فَالصَّدَقَةُ وَ هُوَ اَلْعُشْرُ وَ مَا سُقِيَ بِالدَّوَالِي أَوْ بِالْغَرْبِ فَنِصْفُ اَلْعُشْرِ«.

Ali ibn al-Hasan from Muhammad ibn Ubaydullah ibn Zurarah from Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr from Hammad ibn Uthman from Ubaydullah al-Halabi from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam (a.s): “In how much does zakat become obligatory from wheat, barley, dates, and raisins?” Imam (a.s) said: “In sixty sa’.” And Imam (a.s) said in another hadith: “There is no charity on date palms until it reaches five awsaq, And grapes are like that until they reach five awsaq as raisins, And the wasq is sixty sa’.” The Imam (a.s) said: “Regarding the charity of what is watered by the bucket (al-gharb), there is half the charity; And what the sky and rivers water, or what is rain-fed land (bal), then the charity is due, and it is the tenth; And what is watered by waterwheels (al-dawali) or by the bucket (al-gharb), then half of the tenth.”

فَأَمَّا اَلْخَبَرُ اَلَّذِي رَوَاهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْحَضْرَمِيِّ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلزَّكَاةِ فِي اَلتَّمْرِ وَ اَلزَّبِيبِ فَقَالَ» فِي كُلِّ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسَاقٍ وَسْقٌ وَاَلْوَسْقُ سِتُّونَ صَاعاً وَ اَلزَّكَاةُ فِيهِمَا سَوَاءٌ«.

As for the report which Sa’ad ibn Abdullah narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa from al-Husayn ibn Said from his brother al-Hasan ibn Said from Zurah ibn Muhammad al-Hadrami from Samaah ibn Mihran, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘zakat on dates and raisins.’ Imam (a.s) said: “In every five awsaq there is one wasq, and the wasq is sixty sa’, and zakat in both of them is the same.”

وَ اَلَّذِي رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ اَلْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلزَّكَاةِ فِي اَلزَّبِيبِ وَ اَلتَّمْرِ فَقَالَ» فِي كُلِّ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسَاقٍ وَسْقٌ وَاَلْوَسْقُ سِتُّونَ صَاعاً وَ اَلزَّكَاةُ فِيهِمَا سَوَاءٌ فَأَمَّا اَلطَّعَامُ فَالْعُشُرُ فِيمَا سَقَتِ اَلسَّمَاءُ وَ أَمَّا مَا سُقِيَ بِالْغَرْبِ وَاَلدَّوَالِي فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ نِصْفُ اَلْعُشْرِ«.

And that which Muhammad ibn Yaqub narrated from Abu Ali al-Ashari from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Uthman ibn Isa from Samaah, who said: I asked him about ‘zakat on raisins and dates.’ So he said: “In every five awsaq there is one wasq, and the wasq is sixty sa’, and zakat in both of them is the same. As for food, then the tenth is due on what the sky waters; And as for what is watered by the bucket (al-gharb) and the waterwheels (al-dawali), then only half of the tenth is due on it.”

فان هذين الخبرين الاصل فيهما سماعة وتختلف روايته لان الرواية الاخيرة قال فيها: سألته ولم يذكر المسؤول، وهذا يحتمل أن يكون المسؤول غير من يجب إتباع قوله، وزاد أيضا فيه الفرق بين زكاة الحنطة والشعير والتمر والزبيب، وقد قدمنا من الاحاديث ما يدل على انه لا فرق بين هذه الاشياء، والرواية الاولى قال فيها: سألت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام وذكر الحديث، وهذا الاضطراب في الحديث مما يضعف الاحتجاج به ولو سلم من ذلك كله لكان محمولا على الاستحباب بدلالة ما قدمناه من الاخبار وانه لا يجوز تناقضها. ويحتمل أن يكون أراد بقوله عليه السلام: في كل خمسة أوساق وسق الخمس، وإن كان أطلق عليه إسم الزكاة، لان الزكاة في الاصل هي النمو، وإنما سميت الزكاة في الشريعة به لما يؤول إليه من عاقبته من استحقاق الثواب وهذا المعنى موجود في الخمس فلا يمتنع إطلاق الاسم عليه، ألا ترى انا نطلق إسم الزكاة على النافلة وغيرها لما يؤول إليه من إستحقاق الثواب، والخمس يجب إخراجه بعد إخراج الزكاة والذي يدل على ذلك ما رواه:

As for these two reports, their basis is Sama’ah, and his narration differs. In the latter narration, Sama’ah said: “I asked him,” but Sama’ah did not mention who was asked. This leaves open the possibility that the one asked was someone whose statement is not binding. He also added in that narration a distinction between the zakat of wheat, barley, dates, and raisins, whereas we have already presented hadiths indicating that there is no difference between these things. As for the first narration, Sama’ah said in it: “I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s),” and then mentioned the hadith. This inconsistency (idtirab) within the hadith is among the things that weaken its use as proof. Even if the report were free from all of that, it would still be carried upon recommendation, due to the reports we have already presented, and because it is not permissible for the reports to contradict one another. It is also possible that by the saying of the Imam (a.s): “In every five wasqs (awsaq) there is one wasq,” the Imam (a.s) intended khums, even though he applied the name ‘zakat’ to it. This is because zakat, in its original meaning, refers to growth. It was only called zakat in the Shariah because of what it leads to in the end, namely deserving reward. This meaning is also present in khums, so it is not impossible for the name zakat to be applied to it. Do you not see that we apply the name zakat to voluntary charity (nafilah) and other acts because of what they lead to of deserving reward? Khums must also be taken out after zakat has been taken out. And what indicates this is what he narrated (in the following hadith):

سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شُجَاعٍ اَلنَّيْسَابُورِيُّ: أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ اَلثَّالِثَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَصَابَ مِنْ ضَيْعَتِهِ مِنَ اَلْحِنْطَةِ مِائَةَ كُرٍّ مَا يُزَكَّى فَأُخِذَ مِنْهُ اَلْعُشْرُ عَشَرَةُ أَكْرَارٍ وَ ذَهَبَ مِنْهُ بِسَبَبِ عِمَارَةِ اَلضَّيْعَةِ ثَلاَثُونَ كُرّاً وَ بَقِيَ فِي يَدِهِ سِتُّونَ كُرّاً مَا اَلَّذِي يَجِبُ لَكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ هَلْ يَجِبُ لِأَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ فَوَقَّعَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ» لِي مِنْهُ اَلْخُمُسُ مِمَّا يَفْضُلُ مِنْ مَئُونَتِهِ«.

Sa’ad ibn Abdullah from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Mahziyar, who said: Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Shuja al-Naysaburi narrated to me: He (narrator) wrote to Abu al-Hasan al-Thalith (a.s) (the Third), peace be upon him, about ‘a man who obtained from his estate one hundred kurrs of wheat, from which zakat is to be given, so the tenth was taken from it, ten kurrs, and thirty kurrs of it went because of the maintenance of the estate, and sixty kurrs remained in his hand. What is it that is obligatory for you (khums) from that, and is anything from that obligatory upon him for his companions?’ Imam (a.s), peace be upon him, wrote in reply: “For me from it is the khums from whatever remains beyond his expenses.”

ويزيد ما قدمناه بيانا من انه لا يجب في هذه الاشياء أكثر من العشر ونصف العشر ما رواه:

And what further clarifies what we have already presented, that nothing more than one-tenth (10%) and half of one-tenth (5%) is obligatory in these things, is what he narrated (in the following hadith):

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» فِي اَلزَّكَاةِ مَا كَانَ يُعَالَجُ بِالرِّشَاءِ وَاَلدِّلاَءِ وَاَلنَّوَاضِحِ فَفِيهِ نِصْفُ اَلْعُشْرِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ يُسْقَى مِنْ غَيْرِ عِلاَجٍ بِنَهْرٍ أَوْ عَيْنٍ أَوْ بَعْلٍ أَوْ سَمَاءٍ فَفِيهِ اَلْعُشْرُ كَامِلاً«.

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub from al-Abbas ibn Maruf from Hammad from Hariz from Umar ibn Udhaynah from Zurarah and Bukayr from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “Regarding zakat, whatever is managed by ropes (al-risha), buckets (al-dila), and water-carrying camels (al-nawadih), then in it is half of the tenth (5%). And if it is watered without treatment, by a river, spring, rain-fed land (bal), or sky, then in it is the full tenth (10%).”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ شُرَيْحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» فِيمَا سَقَتِ اَلسَّمَاءُ وَ اَلْأَنْهَارُ أَوْ كَانَ بَعْلاً فَالْعُشُرُ فَأَمَّا مَا سَقَتِ اَلسَّوَانِي وَاَلدَّوَالِي فَنِصْفُ اَلْعُشُرِ« فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَالْأَرْضُ تَكُونُ عِنْدَنَا تُسْقَى بِالدَّوَالِي ثُمَّ يَزِيدُ اَلْمَاءُ وَ تُسْقَى سَيْحاً فَقَالَ» إِنَّ ذَا لَيَكُونُ عِنْدَكُمْ كَذَلِكَ« قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ »اَلنِّصْفُ وَ اَلنِّصْفُ نِصْفٌ بِنِصْفِ اَلْعُشُرِ وَ نِصْفٌ بِالْعُشُرِ« فَقُلْتُ وَ اَلْأَرْضُ تُسْقَى بِالدَّوَالِي ثُمَّ يَزِيدُ اَلْمَاءُ فَتُسْقَى اَلسَّقْيَةَ وَاَلسَّقْيَتَيْنِ سَيْحاً قَالَ» وَ كَمْ تُسْقَى اَلسَّقْيَةَ وَاَلسَّقْيَتَيْنِ سَيْحاً« قُلْتُ فِي ثَلاَثِينَ لَيْلَةً أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً وَ قَدْ مَكَثَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فِي اَلْأَرْضِ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ سَبْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ قَالَ» نِصْفُ اَلْعُشْرِ«.

And from him, from Yaqub ibn Yazid, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Muawiyah ibn Shurayh, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “In whatever the sky and rivers water, or what is rain-fed land (bal), then there is the tenth (10%). As for what the water-drawing camels (al-sawani) and waterwheels (al-dawali) water, then there is half of the tenth (5%).” So I (narrator) said to Imam (a.s): “The land we have is watered by waterwheels, then the water increases and it is watered by flowing water (sayh).” Imam (a.s) said: “Indeed, that happens among you like that?” I replied: “Yes.” Imam (a.s) said: “Half and half: half with half of the tenth, and half with the tenth.” So I (narrator) asked: “And the land is watered by waterwheels, then the water increases, and it is watered once or twice by flowing water.” Imam (a.s) said: “And how much is it watered once or twice by flowing water?” I (narrator) replied: “In thirty nights, forty nights, while before that it had remained in the land for six months, seven months.” Imam (a.s) said: “Half of the tenth.”

والذي يدل على انه لا فرق بين الحنطة والشعير والتمر والزبيب مضافا إلى ما قدمناه ما رواه:

And what indicates that there is no difference between wheat, barley, dates, and raisins, in addition to what we have already presented, is what he narrated (in the following hadith):

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلسِّنْدِيِّ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْحِنْطَةِ وَاَلتَّمْرِ عَنْ زَكَاتِهِمَا فَقَالَ» اَلْعُشْرُ وَ نِصْفُ اَلْعُشْرِ اَلْعُشُرُ فِيمَا سَقَتِ اَلسَّمَاءُ وَنِصْفُ اَلْعُشُرِ مِمَّا سُقِيَ بِالسَّوَانِي« فَقُلْتُ لَيْسَ عَنْ هَذَا أَسْأَلُكَ إِنَّمَا أَسْأَلُكَ عَمَّا خَرَجَ مِنْهُ قَلِيلاً كَانَ أَوْ كَثِيراً أَ لَهُ حَدٌّ يُزَكَّى مِمَّا خَرَجَ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ» يُزَكَّى مِمَّا خَرَجَ مِنْهُ قَلِيلاً كَانَ أَوْ كَثِيراً مِنْ كُلِّ عَشَرَةٍ وَاحِدٌ وَ مِنْ كُلِّ عَشَرَةٍ نِصْفُ وَاحِدٍ« قُلْتُ فَالْحِنْطَةُ وَ اَلتَّمْرُ سَوَاءٌ قَالَ» نَعَمْ«.

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn al-Sindi from Safwan ibn Yahya from Ishaq ibn Ammar from Abu Ibrahim (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about ‘wheat and dates, and the zakat upon them.’ Imam (a.s) said: “The tenth (10%) and half of the tenth (5%): the tenth in what the sky waters, and half of the tenth from what is watered by water-drawing camels (al-sawani).” So I (narrator) asked: “I am not asking you about this; rather, I am asking you about what comes out of it, whether little or much. Does it have a limit from which zakat is to be given from what comes out of it?” Imam (a.s) said: “Zakat is to be given from what comes out of it, whether little or much: from every ten, one, and from every ten, half of one.” I (the narrator) asked: “Then wheat and dates are the same?” Imam (a.s) said: “Yes.”

قوله عليه السلام في آخر الخبر: يزكى ما خرج منه قليلا كان أو كثيرا من كل عشرة واحدا ومن كل عشرة نصف واحد، فالمراد به ما زاد على الخمسة أوساق لان ما نقص عنه لا يجب فيه الزكاة ونحن ندل فيما بعد على ذلك، فأما الخبر الذي رواه:

The Imam (a.s) saying, peace be upon him, at the end of the report: “Zakat is given on what comes out of it, whether little or much; from every ten, one, and from every ten, half of one,” what is intended by it is what exceeds five wasqs (awsaq), because whatever is less than that, zakat is not obligatory on it, and we will indicate that later. As for the report which he narrated (in the following hadith):

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلسِّنْدِيِّ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:» لاَ تَجِبُ اَلصَّدَقَةُ إِلاَّ فِي وَسْقَيْنِ وَاَلْوَسْقُ سِتُّونَ صَاعاً«.

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn al-Sindi from Hammad ibn Isa from Shuayb ibn Yaqub from Abu Basir, who said: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: “Charity does not become obligatory except in two wasqs, and the wasq is sixty sa’.”

وَعَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» لاَ يَكُونُ فِي اَلْحَبِّ وَ لاَ فِي اَلنَّخْلِ وَ لاَ فِي اَلْعِنَبِ زَكَاةٌ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ وَسْقَيْنِ وَاَلْوَسْقُ سِتُّونَ صَاعاً«.

And from him, from Ahmad ibn al-Husayn, from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn Ali, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “There is no zakat in grain, nor in date palms, nor in grapes, until they reach two wasqs; and the wasq is sixty sa’.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ اِبْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلزَّكَاةِ فِي كَمْ تَجِبُ فِي اَلْحِنْطَةِ وَ اَلشَّعِيرِ فَقَالَ» فِي وَسْقٍ«.

And from him, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Safwan ibn Yahya, from some of our companions, from Ibn Sinan, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘zakat, In how much does it become obligatory in wheat and barley?’ Imam (a.s) said: “In one wasq.”

فهذه الاخبار كلها محمولة على أن المراد بها الاستحباب والندب دون الفرض والايجاب، وليس لاحد أن يقول لا يمكن حملها على الندب لانه تتضمن بلفظ الوجوب، لانها وان تضمنت لفظ الوجوب فان المراد بها تأكيد الندب لان ذلك قد يعبر عنه بلفظ الوجوب وقد بيناه في غير موضع من هذا الكتاب، والذي يدل على انه لم يرد بها الفرض والايجاب الذي يستحق بتركه العقاب ما رواه:

All of these reports are carried upon the meaning that what is intended by them is recommendation and encouragement (istihbab wa nadb), not obligation and making something obligatory. No one may say that it is not possible to carry them upon recommendation because they contain wording of obligation. For although they do contain wording of obligation, what is intended by it is the emphasis of recommendation, since recommendation may sometimes be expressed using the wording of obligation. We have already clarified this in more than one place in this book. What indicates that what was intended by these reports was not obligation and making something obligatory, the abandonment of which would deserve punishment, is what he narrated (in the following hadith):

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ اَلنَّضْرِ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» لَيْسَ فِي اَلنَّخْلِ صَدَقَةٌ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسَاقٍ وَ اَلْعِنَبُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسَاقٍ زَبِيباً«.

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub from Ahmad from al-Husayn from al-Nadr from Hisham from Sulayman from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “There is no charity on date palms until they reach five awsaq, and grapes are like that until they become five awsaq as raisins.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ ع عَنِ اَلتَّمْرِ وَ اَلزَّبِيبِ مَا أَقَلُّ مَا تَجِبُ فِيهِ اَلزَّكَاةُ فَقَالَ» خَمْسَةُ أَوْسَاقٍ وَ يُتْرَكُ مِعَافَأْرَةٍ وَ أُمُّ جُعْرُورٍ وَ لاَ يُزَكَّيَانِ وَ إِنْ كَثُرَا وَ يُتْرَكُ لِلْحَارِسِ اَلْعَذْقُ وَاَلْعَذْقَانِ وَاَلْحَارِسُ يَكُونُ فِي اَلنَّخْلِ يَنْظُرُهُ فَيُتْرَكُ ذَلِكَ لِعِيَالِهِ«.

Muhammad ibn Yaqub from Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Hammad ibn Isa from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘dates and raisins, what is the least amount in which zakat becomes obligatory?’ Imam (a.s) said: “Five awsaq. And Muafarah (inferior date variety) and Umm Jurur (low-quality date variety) are left, and zakat is not given on them, even if they are abundant. And one cluster or two clusters are left for the guard, and the guard is the one who is in the date palms watching over them, so that is left for his dependents.”

سَعْدٌ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِاَللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسَاقٍ شَيْءٌ وَاَلْوَسْقُ سِتُّونَ صَاعاً«.

Sa’ad from Abu Jafar from Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr from Hammad ibn Uthman from Ubaydullah ibn Ali al-Halabi from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “There is nothing due on what is less than five awsaq, and the wasq is sixty sa’.”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ وَ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالاَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:» لَيْسَ فِي أَقَلَّ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسَاقٍ زَكَاةٌ وَاَلْوَسْقُ سِتُّونَ صَاعاً«.

Ali ibn al-Hasan from al-Qasim ibn Amir from Aban ibn Uthman from Abu Basir and al-Hasan ibn Shihab: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: “There is no zakat on less than five awsaq, and the wasq is sixty sa’.”

وَعَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَبُكَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» وَ أَمَّا مَا أَنْبَتَتِ اَلْأَرْضُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ مِنَ اَلْأَشْيَاءِ فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ زَكَاةٌ إِلاَّ فِي أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْيَاءَ اَلْبُرِّ وَ اَلشَّعِيرِ وَ اَلتَّمْرِ وَ اَلزَّبِيبِ وَ لَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ اَلْأَرْبَعَةِ اَلْأَشْيَاءِ شَيْءٌ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسَاقٍ وَاَلْوَسْقُ سِتُّونَ صَاعاً وَ هُوَ ثَلاَثُمِائَةِ صَاعٍ بِصَاعِ اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي كُلِّ صِنْفٍ خَمْسَةُ أَوْسَاقٍ غَيْرَ شَيْءٍ وَ إِنْ قَلَّ فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ وَ إِنْ نَقَصَ اَلْبُرُّ وَ اَلشَّعِيرُ وَ اَلتَّمْرُ وَ اَلزَّبِيبُ أَوْ نَقَصَ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسَاقٍ صَاعٌ أَوْ بَعْضُ صَاعٍ فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَإِذَا كَانَ يُعَالَجُ بِالرِّشَاءِ وَاَلنَّضْحِ وَاَلدِّلاَءِ فَفِيهِ نِصْفُ اَلْعُشْرِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ يُسْقَى بِغَيْرِ عِلاَجٍ بِنَهْرٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ أَوْ سَمَاءٍ فَفِيهِ اَلْعُشْرُ تَامّاً«.

And from him, from Muhammad ibn Ismail, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Umar ibn Udhaynah, from Zurarah and Bukayr, from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “As for whatever the earth produces of any crop, there is no zakat in it except in four things: wheat, barley, dates, and raisins. Nothing is due on any of these four things until it reaches five awsaq. One wasq is sixty sa’, making three hundred sa‘ according to the sa‘ of the blessed Prophet (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family. So if any one of these categories is less than five awsaq, even by a small amount, then nothing is due on it. If the wheat, barley, dates, or raisins fall short of five awsaq by one sa’ or by part of a sa’, then nothing is due on it. Then if it is managed by ropes (al-risha), water-drawing (al-nadh), and buckets (al-dila), then in it is half of the tenth (5%). And if it is watered without labour, by a river or other than it, or by the sky, then in it is the full tenth (10%).”

وَ سَأَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ أَخَاهُ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْبُسْتَانِ لاَ تُبَاعُ غَلَّتُهُ وَ لَوْ بِيعَتْ بَلَغَتْ غَلَّتُهَا مَالاً فَهَلْ تَجِبُ فِيهِ صَدَقَةٌ قَالَ» لاَ إِذَا كَانَتْ تُؤْكَلُ«.

Ali ibn Jafar asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon them both, about ‘an orchard whose produce is not sold, though if it were sold, its produce would amount to wealth. Is charity obligatory in it?’ Imam (a.s) said: “No, if it is eaten.”