قال الشيخ: رحمه الله) ولا تجوز الزكاة في اختصاص الصنفين إلا لمن حصلت له حقيقه الوصفين( إلى آخر الباب
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “Zakat is not permissible in the exclusive designation of the two categories except for one in whom the reality of the two descriptions has been realized,” until the end of the chapter.
عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رُوِيَ عَنِ اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ» لاَ تَحِلُّ اَلصَّدَقَةُ لِغَنِيٍّ وَلاَ لِذِي مِرَّةٍ سَوِيٍّ« فَقَالَ» لاَ تَصْلُحُ لِغَنِيٍّ« قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ ثَلاَثُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فِي بِضَاعَةٍ وَ لَهُ عِيَالٌ فَإِنْ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهَا أَكَلَهَا عِيَالُهُ وَ لَمْ يَكْتَفُوا بِرِبْحِهَا قَالَ» فَلْيَنْظُرْ مَا يَسْتَفْضِلُ مِنْهَا فَيَأْكُلَهُ هُوَ وَ مَنْ يَسَعُهُ ذَلِكَ وَ لْيَأْخُذْ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَسَعْهُ مِنْ عِيَالِهِ«.
Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Faddal, from Yazid ibn Ishaq, from Harun ibn Hamzah, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “It has been narrated from the Prophet (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, that He (saws) said: ‘Charity is not lawful for a rich person, nor for one possessing strength and soundness.’” Imam (a.s) said: “It is not proper for a rich person.” He (narrator) said: “Then I said to Imam (a.s): ‘A man has three hundred dirhams in merchandise, and he has dependents. If he turns to it, his dependents would consume it, and they would not be sufficed by its profit.’” Imam (a.s) said: “Then he should look at what surplus he obtains from it, and he should eat from it, he and whoever among them that suffices; and he should take for those among his dependents whom it does not suffice.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ اِبْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ زُرَارَةُ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَإِنْ كَانَ بِالْمِصْرِ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ قَالَ» فَأَعْطِهِمْ إِنْ قَدَرْتَ جَمِيعاً« قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ» لاَ تَحِلُّ لِمَنْ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ أَرْبَعُونَ دِرْهَماً يَحُولُ عَلَيْهَا اَلْحَوْلُ عِنْدَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهَا وَ إِنْ أَخَذَهَا أَخَذَهَا حَرَاماً«.
And from him, from Ali ibn Ibrahim ibn Hashim, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Hariz, from Zurarah and Ibn Muslim. Zurarah said: I (narrator) said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “If there is more than one in the city?” Imam (a.s) said: “Then give to all of them, if you are able.” He (narrator) said: “Then Imam (a.s) said: ‘It is not lawful for one who has forty dirhams with him, upon which a year passes while they are with him, to take it; and if he takes it, he has taken it unlawfully.’”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ يُعْطِي زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ رَجُلاً وَ هُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ مُعْسِرٌ فَوَجَدَهُ مُوسِراً قَالَ» لاَ يُجْزِي عَنْهُ«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from several of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from al-Husayn ibn Uthman, from the one whom he mentioned, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: (Imam (a.s) was asked) concerning ‘a man who gives the zakat of his wealth to a man while he thinks that he is in difficulty, then he finds him to be well-off.’ Imam (a.s) said: “It does not suffice on his behalf.”
اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى اَلْجُهَنِيِّ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَنَّهُمَا سُئِلاَ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ لَهُ دَارٌ وَخَادِمٌ وَعَبْدٌ يَقْبَلُ اَلزَّكَاةَ فَقَالاَ» نَعَمْ إِنَّ اَلدَّارَ وَاَلْخَادِمَ لَيْسَا بِمِلْكٍ«.
Al-Husayn ibn Said, from Hammad ibn Isa al-Juhani, from Umar ibn Udhaynah, from more than one person, from Abu Ja’far (a.s) and Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon them both, said: The Imams (a.s) were asked about ‘a man who has a house, a servant, and a slave. May he accept zakat?’ They both (a.s) said: “Yes, indeed the house and the servant are not property.”
وَعَنْهُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ:» تَحِلُّ اَلزَّكَاةُ لِصَاحِبِ اَلدَّارِ وَ اَلْخَادِمِ« لِأَنَّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَرَى اَلدَّارَ وَ اَلْخَادِمَ شَيْئاً.
And from him, from Yahya ibn Isa, from Said ibn Yasar, who said: I (narrator) heard Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, saying: “Zakat is lawful for the owner of a house and a servant,” Because Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, did not regard the house and the servant as anything (that eliminates the receiver from Zakat).
عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَاِبْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُمَا قَالاَ:» اَلزَّكَاةُ لِأَهْلِ اَلْوَلاَيَةِ قَدْ بَيَّنَ اَللَّهُ لَكُمْ مَوْضِعَهَا فِي كِتَابِهِ«.
Ali ibn al-Hasan, from Ibrahim ibn Hashim, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Hariz, from Zurarah and Ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja’far (a.s) and Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon them both, said: Imam (a.s) said: “Zakat is for the people of wilayah; Allah (swt) has clarified for you its place in His (azj) Book.”
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنِ اَلْوَلِيدِ بْنِ صَبِيحٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي شِهَابُ بْنُ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ أَقْرِئْ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِّي اَلسَّلاَمَ وَ أَعْلِمْهُ أَنَّهُ يُصِيبُنِي فَزَعٌ فِي مَنَامِي قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ شِهَاباً يُقْرِئُكَ اَلسَّلاَمَ وَ يَقُولُ إِنَّهُ يُصِيبُنِي فَزَعٌ فِي مَنَامِي قَالَ» قُلْ لَهُ فَلْيُزَكِّ مَالَهُ« قَالَ فَأَبْلَغْتُ شِهَاباً ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لِي فَتُبْلِغُهُ عَنِّي فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ قُلْ لَهُ إِنَّ اَلصِّبْيَانَ فَضْلاً عَنِ اَلرِّجَالِ لَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنِّي أُزَكِّي قَالَ فَأَبْلَغْتُهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ» قُلْ لَهُ إِنَّكَ تُخْرِجُهَا وَ لاَ تَضَعُهَا مَوَاضِعَهَا«.
Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Jamil ibn Darraj, from al-Walid ibn Sabih, who said: Shihab ibn Abd Rabbih said to me: “Convey my greetings of peace to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, and inform him that fright befalls me in my sleep.” He (narrator) said: “So I said to Imam (a.s): “Shihab conveys greetings of peace to you and says: ‘Fright befalls me in my sleep.’” Imam (a.s) said: “Say to Shihab: ‘Let him give zakat on his wealth.’” He (narrator) said: “So I conveyed that to Shihab, and Shihab said to me, ‘Will you convey from me to him?’” So I (narrator) said: “Yes.” He (Shihab) said: “Say to Imam (a.s) that indeed, children, let alone men, know that I give zakat.’” He (narrator) said: “So I conveyed it to Imam (a.s), and Abu Abdillah (a.s), said: ‘Say to Shihab; Indeed, you take it out, but you do not place it in its proper places.’”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ اَلْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلزَّكَاةِ هَلْ تُوضَعُ فِيمَنْ لاَ يَعْرِفُ قَالَ» لاَ وَ لاَ زَكَاةُ اَلْفِطْرَةِ«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from several of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ismail ibn Sad al-Ashari, from Imam al-Ridha (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam (a.s) about ‘zakat, Is it to be placed among one who does not recognize?’ – meaning wilayah. Imam (a.s) said: “No, nor the zakat of al-fitrah.”
وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ دَاوُدَ اَلصَّرْمِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شَارِبِ اَلْخَمْرِ يُعْطَى مِنَ اَلزَّكَاةِ شَيْئاً قَالَ» لاَ«.
And Muhammad ibn Isa narrated from Dawud al-Sarmi, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam (a.s) about ‘one who drinks wine, Is he given anything from zakat?’ Imam (a.s) said: “No.”
سَعْدٌ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُمْهُورٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ اَلْأَوْسِيِّ عَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: »كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي يَوْماً فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ إِنِّي رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلرَّيِّ وَ لِي زَكَاةٌ فَإِلَى مَنْ أَدْفَعُهَا قَالَ» إِلَيْنَا« فَقَالَ أَلَيْسَ اَلصَّدَقَةُ مُحَرَّمَةً عَلَيْكُمْ فَقَالَ» بَلَى إِذَا دَفَعْتَهَا إِلَى شِيعَتِنَا فَقَدْ دَفَعْتَهَا إِلَيْنَا« فَقَالَ إِنِّي لاَ أَعْرِفُ لَهَا أَحَداً فَقَالَ »اِنْتَظِرْ بِهَا إِلَى سَنَةٍ« قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ أُصِبْ لَهَا أَحَداً قَالَ» اِنْتَظِرْ بِهَا إِلَى سَنَتَيْنِ حَتَّى بَلَغَ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ« ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ» إِنْ لَمْ تُصِبْ لَهَا أَحَداً فَصُرَّهَا صِرَاراً وَاِطْرَحْهَا فِي اَلْبَحْرِ فَإِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ حَرَّمَ أَمْوَالَنَا وَ أَمْوَالَ شِيعَتِنَا عَلَى عَدُوِّنَا««.
Sad, from some of our companions, from Muhammad ibn Jumhur, from Ibrahim al-Awsi, from Imam al-Ridha (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Ridha (a.s) said that I heard my father (Imam al-Kadhim (a.s)) saying: “I was with my father (Imam al-Sadiq (a.s)) one day, when a man came to him and said: ‘I am a man from the people of al-Rayy, and I have zakat, so to whom should I pay it?’ He (Imam al-Sadiq (a.s)) said: “To us.” So the man asked: “Is charity not forbidden for you?” He (Imam al-Sadiq (a.s)) said: “Yes. When you pay it to our Shia, then you have paid it to us.” So the man asked: “I do not know anyone for it.” He (Imam al-Sadiq (a.s)) said: “Wait with it for one year.” The man said: “If I do not find anyone for it?” He (Imam al-Sadiq (a.s)) said: “Wait with it for two years,” until Imam (a.s) reached four years. Then he (Imam al-Sadiq (a.s)) said to the man: “If you do not find anyone for it, then tie it into bundles and throw it into the sea, for Allah (swt), Mighty and Majestic, has forbidden our wealth and the wealth of our Shia to our enemy.”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بِلاَلٍ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ أَسْأَلُهُ هَلْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ أَدْفَعَ زَكَاةَ اَلْمَالِ وَ اَلصَّدَقَةَ إِلَى مُحْتَاجٍ غَيْرِ أَصْحَابِي فَكَتَبَ» لاَ تُعْطِ اَلصَّدَقَةَ وَ اَلزَّكَاةَ إِلاَّ لِأَصْحَابِكَ«.
Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar, from Ali ibn Bilal, who said: I (narrator) wrote to Imam (a.s) asking: “Is it permissible for me to pay the zakat of wealth and charity to a needy person who is not from my companions?” Imam (a.s) wrote: “Do not give charity and zakat except to your companions.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُذَافِرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى اَلنُّصَّابِ وَ عَلَى اَلزَّيْدِيَّةِ قَالَ» لاَ تَصَدَّقْ عَلَيْهِمْ بِشَيْءٍ وَ لاَ تَسْقِهِمْ مِنَ اَلْمَاءِ إِنِ اِسْتَطَعْتَ« وَ قَالَ» اَلزَّيْدِيَّةُ هُمُ اَلنُّصَّابُ«.
And from him, from Yaqub ibn Yazid, from Muhammad ibn Umar, from Muhammad ibn Udhafir, from Umar ibn Yazid, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam (a.s) about ‘charity upon the Nussab (Nawasib) and upon the Zaydiyyah.’ Imam (a.s) said: “Do not give charity to them with anything, and do not give them water to drink, if you are able.” And Imam (a.s) said: “The Zaydiyyah are the Nussab.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْحَمِيدِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي اَلزَّكَاةِ لِمَنْ هِيَ قَالَ فَقَالَ» هِيَ لِأَصْحَابِكَ« قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ فَضَلَ عَنْهُمْ فَقَالَ »فَأَعِدْ عَلَيْهِمْ« قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ فَضَلَ عَنْهُمْ قَالَ» فَأَعِدْ عَلَيْهِمْ« قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ فَضَلَ عَنْهُمْ قَالَ» فَأَعِدْ عَلَيْهِمْ« قَالَ قُلْتُ فَيُعْطَى اَلسُّؤَّالُ مِنْهَا شَيْئاً قَالَ فَقَالَ» لاَ وَ اَللَّهِ إِلاَّ اَلتُّرَابَ إِلاَّ أَنْ تَرْحَمَهُ فَإِنْ رَحِمْتَهُ فَأَعْطِهِ كِسْرَةً« ثُمَّ أَوْمَى بِيَدِهِ فَوَضَعَ إِبْهَامَهُ عَلَى أُصُولِ أَصَابِعِهِ.
And from him, from Muhammad ibn Isa, from Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Hamid, from Abdullah ibn Abi Yafur, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “May I be made your ransom, what do you say ‘concerning zakat, for whom is it?’” Imam (a.s) said: “It is for your companions.” He (narrator) said: “I asked: ‘Then if there is surplus beyond them?’” Imam (a.s) said: “Then return it to them.” He (narrator) said: “I asked: ‘Then if there is surplus beyond them?’” Imam (a.s) said: “Then return it to them.” He (narrator) said: “I asked: ‘Then if there is surplus beyond them?’” Imam (a.s) said: “Then return it to them.” He (narrator) said: “I asked: ‘Then is anything from it given to beggars?’” He (narrator) said, so Imam (a.s) said: “No, by Allah (swt), except dust, unless you have mercy on him. So if you have mercy on him, then give him a fragment.” Then Imam (a.s) gestured with his hand and placed his thumb upon the roots of his fingers.
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ بُكَيْرٍ وَ اَلْفُضَيْلِ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَ بُرَيْدٍ اَلْعِجْلِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُمَا قَالاَ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ فِي بَعْضِ هَذِهِ اَلْأَهْوَاءِ اَلْحَرُورِيَّةِ وَ اَلْمُرْجِئَةِ وَاَلْعُثْمَانِيَّةِ وَاَلْقَدَرِيَّةِ ثُمَّ يَتُوبُ وَ يَعْرِفُ هَذَا اَلْأَمْرَ وَ يَحْسُنُ رَأْيُهُ أَ يُعِيدُ كُلَّ صَلاَةٍ صَلاَّهَا أَوْ صَوْمٍ أَوْ زَكَاةٍ أَوْ حَجٍّ أَوْ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ إِعَادَةُ شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ» لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ إِعَادَةُ شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ غَيْرِ اَلزَّكَاةِ وَ لاَ بُدَّ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَهَا لِأَنَّهُ وَضَعَ اَلزَّكَاةَ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعِهَا وَإِنَّمَا مَوْضِعُهَا أَهْلُ اَلْوَلاَيَةِ«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Ibn Udhaynah, from Zurarah, Bukayr, al-Fudayl, Muhammad ibn Muslim, and Burayd al-Ijli, from Abu Ja’far (a.s) and Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon them both, said: (Imam (a.s) was asked) concerning ‘a man who is upon some of these doctrines: the Haruriyyah (Kharijites), the Murjiah (Murji'ites), the Uthmaniyyah (adherents to Uthman), and the Qadariyyah (Sufi inclied tariqa), then he repents, recognizes this matter, and his view becomes good. Thus, must he repeat every prayer he prayed, or fast, or zakat, or Hajj, or is there no repetition of any of that upon him?’ Imam (a.s) said: “There is no repetition of anything from that upon him except zakat, and he must certainly pay it, because he placed zakat in other than its proper place, and its proper place is only the people of wilayah.”
