قال الشيخ رحمه الله والاصل في اخراج الزكاة عند حلول وقتها دون تقديمها عنه أو تأخيرها عنه كالصلاة يدل على ذلك ما رواه
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “The basic rule regarding taking out zakat is that it is done when its time arrives, without advancing it before it or delaying it beyond it, like prayer.” That which indicates this is what he narrated (in the following hadith):
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ اَلْمَالُ أَ يُزَكِّيهِ إِذَا مَضَى نِصْفُ اَلسَّنَةِ قَالَ» لاَ وَ لَكِنْ حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ اَلْحَوْلُ وَ تَحِلَّ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ صَلاَةً إِلاَّ لِوَقْتِهَا وَ كَذَلِكَ اَلزَّكَاةُ وَ لاَ يَصُومُ أَحَدٌ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ إِلاَّ فِي شَهْرِهِ إِلاَّ قَضَاءً وَ كُلُّ فَرِيضَةٍ إِنَّمَا تُؤَدَّى إِذَا حَلَّتْ«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad, from Hariz, from Umar ibn Yazid, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “A man has wealth with him; does he pay zakat on it when half the year has passed?” Imam (a.s) said: “No, but rather until a year passes over it and it becomes due upon him. No one may perform a prayer except at its time, and likewise zakat. And no one fasts the month of Ramadan except in its month, except as a make-up, and every obligation is only performed when it becomes due.”
حَمَّادٌ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَ يُزَكِّي اَلرَّجُلُ مَالَهُ إِذَا مَضَى ثُلُثُ اَلسَّنَةِ قَالَ» لاَ أَ تُصَلِّي اَلْأُولَى قَبْلَ اَلزَّوَالِ«.
Hammad, from Hariz, from Zurarah, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him: “Does a man pay zakat on his wealth when one third of the year has passed?” Imam (a.s) said: “No. Do you perform the first prayer before midday?”
قال الشيخ رحمه الله:) وقد جاء رخص عن الصادقين عليهم السلام في تقديمها شهرين قبل محلها وتأخيرها شهرين وجاء ثلاثة أشهر وأربعة أشهر عند الحاجة إلى ذلك(. يدل على ذلك ما رواه:
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “Concessions have come from the Truthful Ones (Imams (a.s)), peace be upon them, regarding advancing it by two months before its due time and delaying it by two months, and there has also come three months and four months when there is a need for that.” That which indicates this is what he narrated (in the following hadith):
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ تَحِلُّ عَلَيْهِ اَلزَّكَاةُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَيُؤَخِّرُهَا إِلَى اَلْمُحَرَّمِ قَالَ» لاَ بَأْسَ« قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهَا لاَ تَحِلُّ إِلاَّ فِي اَلْمُحَرَّمِ فَيُعَجِّلُهَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ» لاَ بَأْسَ«.
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Yaqub ibn Yazid, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Muawiyah ibn Ammar, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) said to Imam (a.s): “A man upon whom zakat becomes due in the month of Ramadan, so he delays it until Muharram.” Imam (a.s) said: “There is no harm.” He (narrator) said: “I asked: ‘But it does not become due except in Muharram, so he hastens it in the month of Ramadan.’” Imam (a.s) said: “There is no harm.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَأْتِيهِ اَلْمُحْتَاجُ فَيُعْطِيهِ مِنْ زَكَاتِهِ فِي أَوَّلِ اَلسَّنَةِ فَقَالَ» إِنْ كَانَ مُحْتَاجاً فَلاَ بَأْسَ«.
And from him, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from al-Husayn ibn Uthman, from a man, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), said: I (narrator) asked Imam (a.s) about ‘a man to whom a needy person comes, so he gives him from his zakat at the beginning of the year.’ Imam (a.s) said: “If he is needy, then there is no harm.”
سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُونُسَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» لاَ بَأْسَ بِتَعْجِيلِ اَلزَّكَاةِ شَهْرَيْنِ وَ تَأْخِيرِهَا شَهْرَيْنِ«.
Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Jafar ibn Muhammad ibn Yunus, from Hammad ibn Uthman, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “There is no harm in hastening zakat by two months and delaying it by two months.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ اَلْمُكَارِي عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُعَجِّلُ زَكَاتَهُ قَبْلَ اَلْمَحِلِّ فَقَالَ» إِذَا مَضَتْ ثَمَانِيَةُ أَشْهُرٍ فَلاَ بَأْسَ«.
And from him, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from some of our companions, from Abu Said al-Mukari, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam (a.s) about ‘a man who hastens his zakat before the due time.’ Imam (a.s) said: “When eight months have passed, then there is no harm.”
وليس لاحد أن يقول ان هذه الاخبار مع تضادها لا يمكن الجمع بينها لانه يمكن ذلك، لانه لا يجوز عندنا تقديم الزكاة الا على جهة القرض ويكون صاحبه ضامنا له متى جاء وقت الزكاة وقد أيسر المعطى، وان لم يكن أيسر فقد أجزء عنه، وإذا كان التقديم على هذا الوجه فلا فرق بين أن يكون شهرا أو شهرين أو ما زاد على ذلك والذي يدل على هذه الجملة ما رواه:
No one may say that these reports, despite their apparent contradiction, cannot be reconciled, because reconciliation is possible. This is because, according to us, it is not permissible to advance zakat except by way of a loan (qard). The giver remains liable for it if the time when zakat becomes due arrives and the recipient has become well-off. However, if the recipient has not become well-off, then the advanced amount suffices as zakat. When it is advanced in this manner, there is no difference whether it is advanced by one month, two months, or more. What indicates this entire point is what he narrated (in the following hadith):
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنِ اَلْأَحْوَلِ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَجَّلَ زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ ثُمَّ أَيْسَرَ اَلْمُعْطَى قَبْلَ رَأْسِ اَلسَّنَةِ قَالَ» يُعِيدُ اَلْمُعْطِي اَلزَّكَاةَ«.
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Ahmad, from his father, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Ibn Muskan, from al-Ahwal: (Imam (a.s) was asked) regarding ‘a man who hastened the zakat of his wealth, then the one who was given became well-off before the beginning of the year.’ Imam (a.s) said: “The giver repeats the zakat.”
وَ رَوَى هَذَا اَلْحَدِيثَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ اَلْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اَلْأَحْوَلِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: مِثْلَ اَلْأَوَّلِ.
And Muhammad ibn Yaqub narrated this narration from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, and Muhammad ibn Ismail, from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, all from Ibn Abi Umayr, from al-Ahwal: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, (narrated) the like of the first (hadith.117).
قال الشيخ رحمه الله:) وإذا جاء وقت الزكاة فعدم عنده مستحق الزكاة عزلها عن جملة ما له الى ان يجد من يستحقها(. يدل على ذلك ما رواه:
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “When the time of zakat arrives and he does not have anyone entitled to zakat, he should set it aside from the totality of his wealth until he finds one who is entitled to it.” That which indicates this is what he narrated (in the following hadith):
سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلنَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يُخْرِجُ زَكَاتَهُ فَيَقْسِمُ بَعْضَهَا وَ يَبْقَى بَعْضٌ يَلْتَمِسُ لَهَا اَلْمَوَاضِعَ فَيَكُونُ بَيْنَ أَوَّلِهِ وَ آخِرِهِ ثَلاَثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ قَالَ» لاَ بَأْسَ«.
Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Said, from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam (a.s) was asked regarding ‘a man who takes out his zakat, then distributes part of it, while some remains, seeking the proper places for it, and there is between its beginning and its end three months.’ Imam (a.s) said: “There is no harm.”
وَعَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنِ اَلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ زَكَاتِي تَحِلُّ عَلَيَّ شَهْراً فَيَصْلُحُ لِي أَنْ أَحْبِسَ مِنْهَا شَيْئاً مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَجِيئَنِي مَنْ يَسْأَلُنِي يَكُونُ عِنْدِي عُدَّةً فَقَالَ» إِذَا حَالَ اَلْحَوْلُ فَأَخْرِجْهَا مِنْ مَالِكَ وَ لاَ تَخْلِطْهَا بِشَيْءٍ وَ أَعْطِهَا كَيْفَ شِئْتَ« قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَنَا كَتَبْتُهَا وَ أَثْبَتُّهَا يَسْتَقِيمُ لِي قَالَ» نَعَمْ لاَ يَضُرُّكَ«.
And from him, from Abu Jafar, from al-Abbas ibn Maruf, from al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal, from Yunus ibn Yaqub, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “My zakat becomes due upon me for a month; is it proper for me to withhold something from it, fearing that someone who asks me may come to me, so that it may be a reserve with me?” Imam (a.s) said: “When the year has passed, then take it out from your wealth and do not mix it with anything, and give it however you wish.” He (narrator) said: “I asked: ‘Then if I write it down and record it, is that valid for me?’” Imam (a.s) said: “Yes, it will not harm you.”
قال الشيخ رحمه الله:) ويجوز له اخراجها الى بلد آخر(. يدل على ذلك ما رواه:
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “It is permissible for him to take it out to another town.” That which indicates this is what he narrated (in the following hadith):
اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ دُرُسْتَ بْنِ أَبِي مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي اَلزَّكَاةِ يَبْعَثُ بِهَا اَلرَّجُلُ إِلَى بَلَدٍ غَيْرِ بَلَدِهِ فَقَالَ» لاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ بِالثُّلُثِ أَوِ اَلرُّبُعِ«.
Al-Husayn ibn Said, from Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, from the one who informed him, from Durust ibn Abi Mansur, from a man, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, that he said: (Imam (a.s) was asked) ‘regarding zakat, a man sends it to a town other than his own town’. Imam (a.s) said: “There is no harm in sending a third or a quarter.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ اَلْأَنْصَارِيِّ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ اَلْحَدَّادِ عَنِ اَلْعَبْدِ اَلصَّالِحِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ مِنَّا يَكُونُ فِي أَرْضٍ مُنْقَطِعَةٍ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ بِزَكَاةِ مَالِهِ قَالَ» يَضَعُهَا فِي إِخْوَانِهِ وَ أَهْلِ وَلاَيَتِهِ« فَقُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَحْضُرْهُ مِنْهُمْ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ قَالَ» يَبْعَثُ بِهَا إِلَيْهِمْ« قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ مَنْ يَحْمِلُهَا إِلَيْهِمْ قَالَ» يَدْفَعُهَا إِلَى مَنْ لاَ يَنْصِبُ« قُلْتُ فَغَيْرُهُمْ قَالَ» مَا لِغَيْرِهِمْ إِلاَّ اَلْحَجَرُ«.
And from him, from Ibrahim ibn Abi Ishaq, from Abdullah ibn Hammad al-Ansari, from Aban ibn Uthman, from Yaqub ibn Shuayb al-Haddad, from the righteous servant (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) said to Imam (a.s): “A man from among us is in an isolated land; what should he do with the zakat of his wealth?” Imam (a.s) said: “He places it among his brothers and the people of his wilayah.” So I (narrator) asked: “Then if none of them is present with him there?” Imam (a.s) said: “He sends it to them.” I asked: “Then if he does not find anyone to carry it to them?” Imam (a.s) said: “He gives it to one who does not show hostility (la yansib).” I asked: “Then others besides them?” Imam (a.s) said: “There is nothing for others besides them except stone.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ وَ غَيْرِهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ اَلثَّالِثَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُخْرِجُ زَكَاتَهُ مِنْ بَلَدٍ إِلَى بَلَدٍ آخَرَ وَيَصْرِفُهَا فِي إِخْوَانِهِ فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ» نَعَمْ«.
And from him, from Abdullah ibn Jafar and others, from Ahmad ibn Hamzah, who said: I asked Abu al-Hasan al-Thalith (a.s) (the Third), about ‘a man who takes his zakat out from one town to another town and spends it among his brothers. Is that permissible?’ Imam (a.s) said: “Yes.”
قال الشيخ رحمه الله:) فان وجد لها أهلا فلم يضعها فيهم ووجه بها الى بلد آخر فان هلكت كان ضامنا لها، وان لم يجد لها أهلا في بلده فبعث الى بلد آخر وهلكت أجزأه ذلك(. أما الذي يدل على انه يجزيه إذا لم يجد له أهلا فينفذ به الى بلد آخر فيهلك ما رواه:
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “If he finds people entitled to it but does not place it among them, and sends it to another town, then if it perishes, he is liable for it. But if he does not find people entitled to it in his town, so he sends it to another town and it perishes, that suffices him.” As for that which indicates that it suffices him if he does not find people entitled to it, so he sends it to another town and it perishes, it is narrated (in the following hadith):
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» إِذَا أَخْرَجَ اَلرَّجُلُ اَلزَّكَاةَ مِنْ مَالِهِ ثُمَّ سَمَّاهَا لِقَوْمٍ فَضَاعَتْ أَوْ أَرْسَلَ بِهَا إِلَيْهِمْ فَضَاعَتْ فَلاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad ibn Uthman, from Hariz, from Abu Basir, from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “When a man takes zakat out from his wealth, then names it for a people, and it is lost, or sends it to them and it is lost, then there is nothing upon him.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَبْعَثُ بِزَكَاتِهِ فَتُسْرَقُ أَوْ تَضِيعُ فَقَالَ» لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ«.
And from him, from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Mahbub, from Jamil ibn Salih, from Bukayr ibn Ayan, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘a man who sends his zakat, and it is stolen or lost.’ Imam (a.s) said: “There is nothing upon him.”
والذي يدل على ان مع وجود المستحق يكون ضامنا متى هلكت ما رواه:
And that which indicates that, with the existence of one entitled to it, he is liable whenever it perishes, is what he narrated (in the following hadith):
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ بَعَثَ بِزَكَاةِ مَالِهِ لِتُقْسَمَ فَضَاعَتْ هَلْ عَلَيْهِ ضَمَانُهَا حَتَّى تُقْسَمَ فَقَالَ» إِذَا وَجَدَ لَهَا مَوْضِعاً فَلَمْ يَدْفَعْهَا فَهُوَ لَهَا ضَامِنٌ حَتَّى يَدْفَعَهَا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ لَهَا مَنْ يَدْفَعُهَا إِلَيْهِ فَبَعَثَ بِهَا إِلَى أَهْلِهَا فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ ضَمَانٌ لِأَنَّهَا قَدْ خَرَجَتْ مِنْ يَدِهِ وَ كَذَلِكَ اَلْوَصِيُّ اَلَّذِي يُوصَى إِلَيْهِ يَكُونُ ضَامِناً لِمَا دُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ إِذَا وَجَدَ رَبَّهُ اَلَّذِي أُمِرَ بِدَفْعِهِ إِلَيْهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ ضَمَانٌ«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad, from Hariz, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “A man sent the zakat of his wealth so that it would be distributed, and it was lost; is he liable for it until it is distributed?” Imam (a.s) said: “If he finds a place for it and does not give it, then he is liable for it until he gives it. But if he does not find anyone to whom he can give it, and he sends it to its people, then there is no liability upon him, because it has gone out of his hand. And likewise, the executor who is appointed by will is liable for what is handed over to him if he finds its owner, the one whom he was commanded to hand it over to. But if he does not find him, then there is no liability upon him.”
وكذلك من وجه إليه زكاة مال ليفرقه ووجد لها موضعا فلم يفعل ثم هلك كان ضامنا روى ذلك:
Likewise, whoever has the zakat of wealth sent to him so that he may distribute it, and he finds a place for it but does not do so, then it perishes, he is liable.
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ أَخٌ لَهُ زَكَاةً لِيَقْسِمَهَا فَضَاعَتْ فَقَالَ» لَيْسَ عَلَى اَلرَّسُولِ وَ لاَ عَلَى اَلْمُؤَدِّي ضَمَانٌ« فَقُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ لَهَا أَهْلاً فَفَسَدَتْ وَ تَغَيَّرَتْ أَيَضْمَنُهَا قَالَ» لاَ وَ لَكِنْ إِنْ عَرَفَ لَهَا أَهْلاً فَعَطِبَتْ أَوْ فَسَدَتْ فَهُوَ لَهَا ضَامِنٌ مِنْ حِينَ أَخَّرَهَا«.
Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad, from Hariz, from Zurarah, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘a man to whom a brother of his sent zakat so that he would distribute it, and it was lost.’ Imam (a.s) said: “There is no liability upon the messenger, nor upon the one who pays it.” So I (narrator) asked: “Then if he does not find people entitled to it, and it spoils and changes, is he liable for it?” Imam (a.s) said: “No. But if he knows people entitled to it, and it perishes or spoils, then he is liable for it from the time he delayed it.”
