Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

قال الشيخ رحمه الله ويصلي السابح في الماء عند غرقه أو ضرورته إلى السباحة مؤميا إلى القبلة ان عرفها وإلا ففي وجهه ويكون ركوعه اخفض من سجوده لان الركوع انخفاض منه والسجود إيماء إلى القبلة وكذلك صلاة المتوحل

Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “The one swimming in water, at the time of drowning or due to necessity of swimming, should pray by gesturing toward qibla if he knows its direction; otherwise, in the direction of his face. His bowing should be lower than his prostration, because bowing is a form of lowering, and prostration is gesturing toward qibla. And likewise is prayer of one stuck in mud.”.

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَنْ كَانَ فِي مَكَانٍ لاَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى اَلْأَرْضِ فَلْيُومِ إِيمَاءً»

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Hilal from Ibn Muskan from Abu Basir. He said: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: “Whoever is in a place where he is unable to reach the ground, should gesture with indications.”

سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُومِئُ فِي اَلْمَكْتُوبَةِ وَ اَلنَّوَافِلِ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يَسْجُدُ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَوْضِعٌ يَسْجُدُ فِيهِ فَقَالَ« إِذَا كَانَ هَكَذَا فَلْيُومِ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ كُلِّهَا»

Sa’ad ibn Abdillah from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal from Amr ibn Said from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from Ammar ibn Musa from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him. He said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man who gestures in the obligatory and supererogatory prayers, when he does not find anything to prostrate upon and does not have a place in which he can perform prostration. Imam (a.s) said: “If it is like that, then let him gesture throughout the entire prayer.”

وَ بِهَذَا اَلْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُصِيبُهُ اَلْمَطَرُ وَ هُوَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ لاَ يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ فِيهِ مِنَ اَلطِّينِ وَ لاَ يَجِدُ مَوْضِعاً جَافّاً قَالَ« يَفْتَتِحُ اَلصَّلاَةَ فَإِذَا رَكَعَ فَلْيَرْكَعْ كَمَا يَرْكَعُ إِذَا صَلَّى وَ إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ اَلرُّكُوعِ فَلْيُومِ بِالسُّجُودِ إِيمَاءً وَ هُوَ قَائِمٌ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ وَ يَتَشَهَّدُ وَ هُوَ قَائِمٌ وَ يُسَلِّمُ»

And with this same chain of transmission, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, he said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man who is caught in the rain, while in a place where he is unable to prostrate, due to mud and does not find a dry spot. Imam (a.s) said: “He should begin the prayer, and when he bows, let him bow as he would normally do in prayer. And when he raises his head from the bowing, let him gesture for the prostration while standing. He should continue in this manner until he completes the prayer, perform the tashahhud while standing, and give the salam.”

قال الشيخ رحمه الله وإذا كان ممنوعا بالرباط وما أشبهه صلى بحسب استطاعته

Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “And if he is restrained by shackles or something similar, he should pray according to his ability.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْأَسِيرِ يَأْسِرُهُ اَلْمُشْرِكُونَ فَتَحْضُرُهُ اَلصَّلاَةُ فَيَمْنَعُهُ اَلَّذِي أَسَرَهُ مِنْهَا قَالَ« يُومِئُ إِيمَاءً»

Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub from a group of our companions from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from Zur’ah from Sama’ah. He said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a prisoner taken captive by the polytheists, and the time of prayer comes, while the one who captured him, prevents him from performing it. Imam (a.s) said: “He should gesture with indications.”

قال الشيخ رحمه الله والمريض يصلي قائما مع قدرته إلى قوله ويكره

Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “And the sick person prays standing if he is able,” up to his statement: “and it is disliked.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« اَلْمَرِيضُ إِذَا لَمْ يَقْدِرْ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ قَاعِداً كَيْفَ قَدَرَ صَلَّى إِمَّا أَنْ يُوَجَّهَ فَيُومِئُ إِيمَاءً» وَ قَالَ« يُوَجَّهُ كَمَا يُوَجَّهُ اَلرَّجُلُ فِي لَحْدِهِ وَ يَنَامُ عَلَى جَنْبِهِ اَلْأَيْمَنِ ثُمَّ يُومِئُ بِالصَّلاَةِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ أَنْ يَنَامَ عَلَى جَنْبِهِ اَلْأَيْمَنِ فَكَيْفَ مَا قَدَرَ فَإِنَّهُ لَهُ جَائِزٌ وَ يَسْتَقْبِلُ بِوَجْهِهِ اَلْقِبْلَةَ ثُمَّ يُومِئُ بِالصَّلاَةِ إِيمَاءً»

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali from Amr ibn Said from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from Ammar from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “If the sick person is unable to pray sitting, then he should pray however he is able, either by being positioned and gesturing with indications.” And Imam (a.s) said: “He should be positioned as a man is positioned in his grave, and lie on his right side, then gesture for the prayer. If he is unable to lie on his right side, then however he is able, it is permissible for him. He should face the qibla with his face, then gesture for the prayer by indication.”

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« يُصَلِّي اَلْمَرِيضُ قَائِماً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ صَلَّى جَالِساً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ صَلَّى مُسْتَلْقِياً يُكَبِّرُ ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اَلرُّكُوعَ غَمَّضَ عَيْنَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُسَبِّحُ فَإِذَا سَبَّحَ فَتَحَ عَيْنَيْهِ فَيَكُونُ فَتْحُهُ عَيْنَيْهِ رَفْعَهُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ اَلرُّكُوعِ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ غَمَّضَ عَيْنَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُسَبِّحُ فَإِذَا سَبَّحَ فَتَحَ عَيْنَيْهِ فَيَكُونُ فَتْحُهُ عَيْنَيْهِ رَفْعَهُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ اَلسُّجُودِ ثُمَّ يَتَشَهَّدُ وَ يَنْصَرِفُ»

Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Abdillah ibn al-Qasim from Amr ibn Uthman from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim from someone who narrated to him from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “The sick person prays standing, and if he is unable to do that, he prays sitting. If he is unable to do that, he prays lying on his back he pronounces the takbir, then recites. When he wishes to bow, he closes his eyes, then glorifies (‘SubhanAllah’). When he has glorified, he opens his eyes, and the opening of his eyes is considered his rising from bowing. When he wishes to prostrate, he closes his eyes, then glorifies. When he has glorified, he opens his eyes, and the opening of his eyes is considered his rising from prostration. Then he recites the tashahhud and ends the prayer.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلنَّضْرِ عَنِ اِبْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لاَ تُمْسِكْ بِخَمَرِكَ وَ أَنْتَ تُصَلِّي وَ لاَ تَسْتَنِدْ إِلَى جِدَارٍ إِلاَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ مَرِيضاً»

And from him, from al-Nadr from Ibn Sinan from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “Do not hold your turban while you are praying, and do not lean against a wall unless you are ill.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْجَبَّارِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ يَوْماً أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ هَلْ يَقْضِي مَا فَاتَهُ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ فَكَتَبَ« لاَ يَقْضِي اَلصَّوْمَ وَ لاَ يَقْضِي اَلصَّلاَةَ»

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar from Ali ibn Mahziyar. He said: I asked Imam al-Hadi (a.s) about a person who falls unconscious for a day or more than that, does he make up the prayers he missed? Imam (a.s) wrote: “He does not make up the fasts, nor does he make up the prayers.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ« اَلَّذِينَ يَذْكُرُونَ اَللّٰهَ قِيٰاماً» قَالَ« اَلصَّحِيحُ يُصَلِّي قَائِماً« وَ قُعُوداً» اَلْمَرِيضُ يُصَلِّي جَالِساً« وَ عَلىٰ جُنُوبِهِمْ» اَلَّذِي يَكُونُ أَضْعَفَ مِنَ اَلْمَرِيضِ اَلَّذِي يُصَلِّي جَالِساً»

Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub by Ali from his father from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Abu Hamzah by Abu Ja’far (a.s): Imam al-Baqir (a.s) was asked regarding the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: “Those who remember Allah (swt) standing” (Surah Aal Imran 3:191) Imam (a.s) said: “The healthy one prays ‘standing’. ‘And sitting’ (Surah Aal Imran 3:191), for the sick person prays sitting. ‘And on their sides’ (Surah Aal Imran 3:191), for the one who is weaker than the sick person who prays sitting.”

قال الشيخ رحمه الله ويكره له وضع الجبهة على سجادة يمسكها غيره ومروحة

Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “And it is disliked for him to place his forehead on a prayer mat held by someone else, or on a fan.”

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمَرِيضِ هَلْ تُمْسِكُ لَهُ اَلْمَرْأَةُ شَيْئاً يَسْجُدُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ« لاَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُضْطَرّاً لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ غَيْرُهَا وَ لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ مِمَّا حَرَّمَ اَللَّهُ إِلاَّ وَ قَدْ أَحَلَّهُ لِمَنِ اُضْطُرَّ إِلَيْهِ»

Al-Husayn ibn Said from Fadalah from Husayn from Sama’ah from Abu Basir. He said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a sick person, can a woman hold something for him to prostrate upon? Imam (a.s) said: “No, unless he is in a state of necessity, having no one else with him and nothing else available. There is nothing that Allah (swt) has forbidden except that He (azj) has made it permissible, for the one who is compelled to it.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمَرِيضِ قَالَ «يَسْجُدُ عَلَى اَلْأَرْضِ أَوْ عَلَى مِرْوَحَةٍ أَوْ عَلَى سِوَاكٍ يَرْفَعُهُ هُوَ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ اَلْإِيمَاءِ إِنَّمَا كَرِهَ مَنْ كَرِهَ اَلسُّجُودَ عَلَى اَلْمِرْوَحَةِ مِنْ أَجْلِ اَلْأَوْثَانِ اَلَّتِي كَانَتْ تُعْبَدُ مِنْ دُونِ اَللَّهِ وَ إِنَّا لَمْ نَعْبُدْ غَيْرَ اَللَّهِ قَطُّ فَاسْجُدْ عَلَى اَلْمِرْوَحَةِ أَوْ عَلَى سِوَاكٍ أَوْ عَلَى عُودٍ»

And from him, from Ibn Abi Umayr from Umar ibn Udhaynah from Zurarah from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him. He said: I asked Imam al-Baqir (a.s) about the (prayer of a) sick person. Imam (a.s) said: “He should prostrate on the ground, or on a fan, or on a tooth-stick (siwak), something he raises up that is better than gesturing. Those who disliked prostration on a fan, only disliked it because of the idols that used to be worshipped besides Allah (swt). And we have never worshipped anyone other than Allah (swt), ever. So prostrate on a fan, or on a tooth-stick, or on a piece of wood.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ مَا حَدُّ اَلْمَرَضِ اَلَّذِي يُضْطَرُّ صَاحِبُهُ وَ اَلْمَرَضِ اَلَّذِي يَدَعُ صَاحِبُهُ فِيهِ اَلصَّلاَةَ قَائِماً قَالَ«« بَلِ اَلْإِنْسٰانُ عَلىٰ نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ» قَالَ ذَاكَ إِلَيْهِ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِنَفْسِهِ»

And from him, from Ibn Abi Umayr from Umar ibn Udhaynah from someone who informed him from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam al-Baqir (a.s) was asked: “What is the degree of illness that compels its sufferer, and what is the illness in which its sufferer should leave off praying while standing?” Imam (a.s) said: “Rather, man is a witness against himself.” (Surah Al Qiyamah 75:14) Imam (a.s) said: “That is up to him, he is more knowledgeable about himself.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ وَ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَا حَدُّ اَلْمَرَضِ اَلَّذِي يُصَلِّي صَاحِبُهُ قَاعِداً فَقَالَ« إِنَّ اَلرَّجُلَ لَيُوعَكُ وَ يُجْرَحُ وَ لَكِنَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِنَفْسِهِ إِذَا قَوِيَ فَلْيَقُمْ»

And from him, from Fadalah ibn Ayyub from Jamil, and from Ibn Abi Umayr from Jamil. He said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “What is the degree of illness for which a person should pray sitting?” Imam (a.s) said: “Indeed, a man may suffer fever or be wounded, but he knows himself best. If he has the strength, then let him stand (for prayer).”

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفٍ عَنْ بَكَّارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلَهُ أَبِي يَعْنِي أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ مَا حَدُّ اَلْمَرَضِ اَلَّذِي يُتْرَكُ فِيهِ اَلصَّوْمُ قَالَ« إِذَا لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ يَتَسَحَّرَ»

Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf from Bakkar. He said: My father, spoke to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, and asked Imam (a.s) while I (Bakkar) was listening: “What is the degree of illness in which fasting is to be abandoned?” Imam (a.s) said: “When he is unable to partake in the pre-dawn meal (suhur).”

اَلصَّفَّارُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ اَلْمَرْوَزِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ اَلْفَقِيهُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:« اَلْمَرِيضُ إِنَّمَا يُصَلِّي قَاعِداً إِذَا صَارَ بِالْحَالِ اَلَّتِي لاَ يَقْدِرُ فِيهَا أَنْ يَمْشِيَ مِقْدَارَ صَلاَتِهِ إِلَى أَنْ يَفْرُغَ قَائِماً»

Al-Saffar from Muhammad ibn Isa from Sulayman ibn Hafs al-Marwazi. He said: The Jurist (Faqih), Imam al-Hadi (a.s), peace be upon him, said: “The sick person is to pray sitting only when he reaches the condition, in which he is unable to walk the length of his prayer, from beginning to end while standing.”