Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَائِذٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَلاءِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنِ الْغُسْلِ إِذَا زَارَ الْبَيْتَ مِنْ مِنًى فَقَالَ أَنَا أَغْتَسِلُ مِنْ مِنًى ثُمَّ أَزُورُ الْبَيْتَ.

1. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Washsha’ from Ahmad ibn ‘A’idh from al-Husayn ibn abu al-‘Ala’ who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about Ghusl (bath) when visiting the House from Mina’. He (the Imam) said, ‘I take Ghusl (bath) in Mina’; then visit the House.’ ” 

2ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنْ غُسْلِ الزِّيَارَةِ يَغْتَسِلُ الرَّجُلُ بِاللَّيْلِ وَيَزُورُ فِي اللَّيْلِ بِغُسْلٍ وَاحِدٍ أَ يُجْزِئُهُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ يُجْزِئُهُ مَا لَمْ يُحْدِثْ مَا يُوجِبُ وُضُوءاً فَإِنْ أَحْدَثَ فَلْيُعِدْ غُسْلَهُ بِاللَّيْلِ.

2. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who said: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about Ghusl (bath) of Ziyarah, he does Ghusl during the night and visits (the House) with one Ghusl, is that sufficient?“ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is sufficient as long as things invalidating wudu does not take place, and if something as such takes place, one must take Ghusl again during the night. ‘“

3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ يَنْبَغِي لِلْمُتَمَتِّعِ أَنْ يَزُورَ الْبَيْتَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ أَوْ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِ وَلا يُؤَخِّرَ ذَلِكَ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is very proper that one for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) visits the House on the day of al-Nahr (slaughtering the offering, 10th of Dhu al- Hajjah) or during this night and must not delay. ‘“(Fatwa best explains Hadith 1-3 of this Chapter) 

4ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَصَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) فِي زِيَارَةِ الْبَيْتِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ قَالَ زُرْهُ فَإِنْ شُغِلْتَ فَلا يَضُرُّكَ أَنْ تَزُورَ الْبَيْتَ مِنَ الْغَدِ وَلا تُؤَخِّرْهُ أَنْ تَزُورَ مِنْ يَوْمِكَ فَإِنَّهُ يُكْرَهُ لِلْمُتَمَتِّعِ أَنْ يُؤَخِّرَهُ وَمُوَسَّعٌ لِلْمُفْرِدِ أَنْ يُؤَخِّرَهُ فَإِذَا أَتَيْتَ الْبَيْتَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ فَقُمْتَ عَلَى بَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ قُلْتَ اللهمَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَى نُسُكِكَ وَسَلِّمْنِي لَهُ وَسَلِّمْهُ لِي أَسْأَلُكَ مَسْأَلَةَ الْعَلِيلِ الذَّلِيلِ الْمُعْتَرِفِ بِذَنْبِهِ أَنْ تَغْفِرَ لِي ذُنُوبِي وَأَنْ تَرْجِعَنِي بِحَاجَتِي اللهمَّ إِنِّي عَبْدُكَ وَالْبَلَدُ بَلَدُكَ وَالْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ جِئْتُ أَطْلُبُ رَحْمَتَكَ وَأَؤُمُّ طَاعَتَكَ مُتَّبِعاً لأَمْرِكَ رَاضِياً بِقَدَرِكَ أَسْأَلُكَ مَسْأَلَةَ الْمُضْطَرِّ إِلَيْكَ الْمُطِيعِ لأَمْرِكَ الْمُشْفِقِ مِنْ عَذَابِكَ الْخَائِفِ لِعُقُوبَتِكَ أَنْ تُبَلِّغَنِي عَفْوَكَ وَتُجِيرَنِي مِنَ النَّارِ بِرَحْمَتِكَ ثُمَّ تَأْتِي الْحَجَرَ الأَسْوَدَ فَتَسْتَلِمُهُ وَتُقَبِّلُهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَاسْتَلِمْهُ بِيَدِكَ وَقَبِّلْ يَدَكَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَاسْتَقْبِلْهُ وَكَبِّرْ وَقُلْ كَمَا قُلْتَ حِينَ طُفْتَ بِالْبَيْتِ يَوْمَ قَدِمْتَ مَكَّةَ ثُمَّ طُفْ بِالْبَيْتِ سَبْعَةَ أَشْوَاطٍ كَمَا وَصَفْتُ لَكَ يَوْمَ قَدِمْتَ مَكَّةَ ثُمَّ صَلِّ عِنْدَ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) رَكْعَتَيْنِ تَقْرَأُ فِيهِمَا بِقُلْ هُوَ الله أَحَدٌ وَقُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ ثُمَّ ارْجِعْ إِلَى الْحَجَرِ الأَسْوَدِ فَقَبِّلْهُ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ وَاسْتَقْبِلْهُ وَكَبِّرْ ثُمَّ اخْرُجْ إِلَى الصَّفَا فَاصْعَدْ عَلَيْهِ وَاصْنَعْ كَمَا صَنَعْتَ يَوْمَ دَخَلْتَ مَكَّةَ ثُمَّ ائْتِ الْمَرْوَةَ فَاصْعَدْ عَلَيْهَا وَطُفْ بَيْنَهُمَا سَبْعَةَ أَشْوَاطٍ تَبْدَأُ بِالصَّفَا وَتَخْتِمُ بِالْمَرْوَةِ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَحْلَلْتَ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ أَحْرَمْتَ مِنْهُ إِلاَّ النِّسَاءَ ثُمَّ ارْجِعْ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ وَطُفْ بِهِ أُسْبُوعاً آخَرَ ثُمَّ صَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ عِنْدَ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) ثُمَّ أَحْلَلْتَ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ وَفَرَغْتَ مِنْ حَجِّكَ كُلِّهِ وَكُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ أَحْرَمْتَ مِنْهُ.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn Isma‘il from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr and Safwan ibn Yahya from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar, who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘You may perform Tawaf of Ziyarat on the tenth of Dhu al-Hajjah. If you cannot find time, you can perform it the next day. One who performs al-Hajj al- Tamattu‘ should not delay; but one who performs al-Mufrid al-Hajj may delay it. On the tenth, when you come to the House, stand up on the door of the Masjid al-Haram (the Sacred Masjid) and say, “O Allah, help me to perform the acts of my al-Hajj, protect me and protect my acts. I appeal before You like one suffering from illness, like a humble one confessing to his sins to forgive my sins and return me with my wishes made to come true. O Allah, I am Your servant, the town is Your town and the House is Your House. I have come seeking Your kindness, with the intention to obey You, follow Your command and accept Your determination. I appeal before you like a disparate person who is obedient to Your command, is afraid of Your punishment, and fearful of Your torment. I appeal to forgive me and grant me protection against hellfire through Your mercy.” Thereafter go to the Black Stone, touch and kiss it. If you cannot do so, just touch it and kiss your hand and if you cannot do so, turn your face to it and say Takhir (Allah is great beyond description) and say what you had said when performing Tawaf on the day you entered Makkah. Then perform Tawaf seven times as I explained to you the day you entered Makkah. Then perform two Rak‘at salat (prayer) near the station of Ibrahim. Read Chapter 112 and 109, then return to the Black Stone to kiss, if possible; or face it and say Takhir (Allah is great beyond description), then go to al-Safa, climb it and do as you had done on the day you entered Makkah. Then go to al-Marwah, climb it and walk seven times between the two places, beginning from al-Safa and ending at al-Marwah. When you do this, prohibited matters imposed on you become lawful, except women. Then go to the House and perform Tawaf seven times, perform two Rak‘at salat (prayer) near the station of Ibrahim; then all prohibitions imposed on you become lawful and your al-Hajj is complete. ‘“

5ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مُتَمَتِّعٌ زَارَ الْبَيْتَ فَطَافَ طَوَافَ الْحَجِّ ثُمَّ طَافَ طَوَافَ النِّسَاءِ ثُمَّ سَعَى فَقَالَ لا يَكُونُ السَّعْيُ إِلاَّ قَبْلَ طَوَافِ النِّسَاءِ فَقُلْتُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‏ءٌ فَقَالَ لا يَكُونُ السَّعْيُ إِلاَّ قَبْلَ طَوَافِ النِّسَاءِ. 

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man for al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous), saying , ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, if he can visit the House, perform Tawaf of al-Hajj, then Tawaf al-Nisa’, then Sa‘y between al-Safa’ and al-Marwah. He (the Imam) said, ‘Sa‘y between al-Safa’ and al-Marwah is not obligatory except before Tawaf al-Nisa I then asked, ’Does he owe anything upon him because of this?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The Sa‘y between al-Safa’ and al- Marwah is not obligatory except before Tawaf al-Nisa” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 192