Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

5194 - رَوَى هِشَامُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ضُرِبَ بِعَصاً فَلَمْ تُرْفَعْ عَنْهُ حَتَّى قُتِلَ أَ يُدْفَعُ اَلْقَاتِلُ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ قَالَ "نَعَمْ وَ لَكِنْ لاَ يُتْرَكُ أَنْ يُعْبَثَ بِهِ وَ لَكِنْ يُجَازُ عَلَيْهِ".

Hadith.5194 - Hisham ibn Salim narrated from Sulayman ibn Khalid, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who was struck with a stick and was not released until he was killed. Should the killer be handed over to the heirs of the slain? Imam (as) said: "Yes, but he should not be left for them to abuse; rather, retribution should be carried out upon him."

5195 - وَ رَوَى اَلْفَضْلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَلْمَلِكِ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "إِذَا ضَرَبَ اَلرَّجُلُ بِالْحَدِيدَةِ فَذَلِكَ اَلْعَمْدُ" قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْخَطَإِ اَلَّذِي فِيهِ اَلدِّيَةُ وَ اَلْكَفَّارَةُ أَ هُوَ اَلرَّجُلُ يَضْرِبُ اَلرَّجُلَ فَلاَ يَتَعَمَّدُ قَتْلَهُ قَالَ "نَعَمْ" قُلْتُ فَإِذَا رَمَى شَيْئاً فَأَصَابَ رَجُلاً قَالَ "ذَلِكَ اَلْخَطَأُ اَلَّذِي لاَ يُشَكُّ فِيهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ وَ دِيَةٌ".

Hadith.5195 - Al-Fadl ibn Abd Al-Malik narrated from Imam (as) that he said: "If a man strikes with an iron weapon, that is considered intentional killing (Al-'amd)." He said: "I asked Imam (as) about accidental killing (khata) for which blood money (diyyah) and expiation (kaffarah) are required - would this include a man who strikes another without intending to kill him? Imam (as) replied: "Yes." I then asked: "What if he throws something and it hits a man?" Imam (as) said: "That is unquestionably accidental killing, and it requires both expiation and blood money."

5196 - وَ رَوَى اَلنَّضْرُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ قَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "فِي اَلْخَطَإِ شِبْهِ اَلْعَمْدِ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ بِالسَّوْطِ أَوْ بِالْحَجَرِ أَوْ بِالْعَصَا إِنَّ دِيَةَ ذَلِكَ تُغَلَّظُ وَ هِيَ مِائَةٌ مِنَ اَلْإِبِلِ فِيهَا أَرْبَعُونَ خَلِفَةً بَيْنَ ثَنِيَّةٍ إِلَى بَازِلِ عَامِهَا وَ ثَلاَثُونَ حِقَّةً وَ ثَلاَثُونَ اِبْنَةَ لَبُونٍ وَ اَلْخَطَأُ يَكُونُ فِيهِ ثَلاَثُونَ حِقَّةً وَ ثَلاَثُونَ اِبْنَةَ لَبُونٍ وَ عِشْرُونَ اِبْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ وَ عِشْرُونَ اِبْنَ لَبُونٍ ذَكَرٍ وَ قِيمَةُ كُلِّ بَعِيرٍ مِنَ اَلْوَرِقِ مِائَةٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ دِرْهَماً أَوْ عَشَرَةُ دَنَانِيرَ وَ مِنَ اَلْغَنَمِ قِيمَةُ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ اَلْإِبِلِ عِشْرُونَ شَاةً".

Hadith.5196 - Al-Naḍr narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who said: I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say that the Commander of the Faithful (as) said: "In the case of accidental killing resembling intentional killing (khaṭaʾ shibh Al-Amd), such as when someone is killed with a whip, a stone, or a stick, the blood money (diyyah) is made more severe. It is one hundred camels, among which are forty pregnant camels between the second and fourth year, thirty mature she-camels (hiqqah), and thirty young she-camels (ibnat labun). For unintentional accidental killing (khaṭaʾ), the blood money is thirty mature she-camels (hiqqah), thirty young she-camels (ibnat labun), twenty one-year-old she-camels (ibnat makhaḍ), and twenty male young camels (ibn labun). The value of each camel in silver is one hundred and twenty dirhams or ten dinars. In sheep, the value of each camel is equivalent to twenty sheep."

5197 - وَ سَأَلَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنْ دِيَةِ اَلْعَمْدِ فَقَالَ "مِائَةٌ مِنْ فُحُولَةِ اَلْإِبِلِ اَلْمَسَانِّ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَمَكَانَ كُلِّ جَمَلٍ عِشْرُونَ مِنْ فُحُولَةِ اَلْغَنَمِ".

Hadith.5197 - Muawiyah ibn Wahb asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the blood money (diyyah) for intentional killing. Imam (as) said: "It is one hundred mature male camels. If they are not available, then for each camel, twenty mature male sheep are to be given in its place."

5198 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَضِرٍ اَلصَّيْرَفِيِّ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ اَلْعِجْلِيِّ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً مُتَعَمِّداً فَلَمْ يُقَمْ عَلَيْهِ اَلْحَدُّ وَ لَمْ تَصِحَّ اَلشَّهَادَةُ حَتَّى خُولِطَ وَ ذَهَبَ عَقْلُهُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ قَوْماً آخَرِينَ شَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَ مَا خُولِطَ أَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ فَقَالَ "إِنْ شَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ حِينَ قَتَلَهُ وَ هُوَ صَحِيحٌ لَيْسَ بِهِ عِلَّةٌ مِنْ فَسَادِ عَقْلٍ قُتِلَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَشْهَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِذَلِكَ وَ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يُعْرَفُ دُفِعَ إِلَى وَرَثَةِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ اَلدِّيَةُ مِنْ مَالِ اَلْقَاتِلِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ مَالاً أُعْطِيَ اَلدِّيَةُ مِنْ بَيْتِ مَالِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ لاَ يُبْطَلُ دَمُ اِمْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ ". Hadith.5198 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Khidr Al-Sayrafi from Burayd Al-Ijli, who said: Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir {a.s} was asked about a man who intentionally killed another man, but the legal punishment (hadd) was not carried out on him, and the testimony against him was not confirmed until he lost his sanity and became mentally unstable. Later, another group of people testified after his insanity that he had committed the murder. Imam {a.s} said: "If they testified that he killed the man at the time of the murder while he was sound in mind and had no mental illness, then he should be executed. But if they did not testify to that, and he had known wealth, the blood money (diyyah) should be paid to the heirs of the murdered person from the killer's wealth. If he left no wealth, the blood money should be paid from the public treasury (Bayt Al-Mal) of the Muslims, for the blood of a Muslim must not be wasted."

5199 - وَ سَأَلَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ ع: عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِسْتَأْجَرَ ظِئْراً فَأَعْطَاهَا وَلَدَهُ فَكَانَ عِنْدَهَا فَانْطَلَقَتِ اَلظِّئْرُ فَاسْتَأْجَرَتْ أُخْرَى فَغَابَتِ اَلظِّئْرُ بِالْوَلَدِ فَلاَ يُدْرَى مَا صُنِعَ بِهِ وَ اَلظِّئْرُ لاَ تُكَافَى قَالَ "اَلدِّيَةُ كَامِلَةً".

Hadith.5199 - Sulayman ibn Khalid asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who hired a wet nurse and entrusted his child to her. While the child was with her, the wet nurse went and hired another woman to care for the child. This second wet nurse then disappeared with the child, and it became unknown what happened to the child, and the original wet nurse could not be held accountable. Imam (as) said: "The full blood money (diyyah) must be paid."

5200 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ حَيٍّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ وُجِدَ مَقْتُولاً فَجَاءَ رَجُلاَنِ إِلَى وَلِيِّهِ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَنَا قَتَلْتُهُ عَمْداً وَ قَالَ اَلْآخَرُ أَنَا قَتَلْتُهُ خَطَأً فَقَالَ "إِنْ هُوَ أَخَذَ بِقَوْلِ صَاحِبِ اَلْعَمْدِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِ اَلْخَطَإِ شَيْءٌ وَ إِنْ هُوَ أَخَذَ بِقَوْلِ صَاحِبِ اَلْخَطَإِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِ اَلْعَمْدِ شَيْءٌ".

Hadith.5200 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Al-Hasan ibn Hayy, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who was found murdered. Two men came to guardian of the victim; one of them said: "I killed him intentionally," and other said: "I killed him by mistake." Imam (as) said: "If the guardian accepts the statement of the one who confessed to intentional killing, then he has no claim against the one who confessed to accidental killing. And if he accepts the statement of the one who confessed to accidental killing, then he has no claim against the one who confessed to intentional killing."

5201 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ اَلْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ اِبْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى يَقُولُ: كَانَتِ اَلدِّيَةُ فِي اَلْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مِائَةً مِنَ اَلْإِبِلِ فَأَقَرَّهَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ فَرَضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلْبَقَرِ مِائَتَيْ بَقَرَةٍ وَ فَرَضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلشَّاةِ أَلْفَ شَاةٍ وَ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلْحُلَلِ مِائَةَ حُلَّةٍ قَالَ عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَمَّا رَوَاهُ اِبْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى فَقَالَ "كَانَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ "اَلدِّيَةُ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ وَ قِيمَةُ اَلدِّينَارِ عَشَرَةُ دَرَاهِمَ وَ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلذَّهَبِ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ وَ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلْوَرِقِ عَشَرَةُ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ عَشَرَةُ آلاَفٍ لِأَهْلِ اَلْأَمْصَارِ وَ لِأَهْلِ اَلْبَوَادِي اَلدِّيَةُ مِائَةٌ مِنَ اَلْإِبِلِ وَ لِأَهْلِ اَلسَّوَادِ مِائَتَا بَقَرَةٍ أَوْ أَلْفُ شَاةٍ" ".

Hadith.5201 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abd Al-Rahman ibn Al-Hajjaj, who said: I heard Ibn Abi Layla say, "In the pre-Islamic era, the blood money (diyyah) was one hundred camels, and the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) affirmed it. Then he imposed on the people of cattle two hundred cows, on the people of sheep one thousand sheep, and on the people of garments one hundred garments." Abd Al-Rahman said: 'I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about what Ibn Abi Layla narrated, and Imam (as) said: "Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to say: 'The blood money is one thousand dinars, and the value of a dinar is ten dirhams. For the people of gold, it is one thousand dinars; for the people of silver, it is ten thousand dirhams; for the people of the cities, it is ten thousand; for the people of the deserts, the blood money is one hundred camels; and for the people of the villages, it is two hundred cows or one thousand sheep.'"

5202 - وَ سَمِعَ كُلَيْبُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "مَنْ قَتَلَ فِي شَهْرٍ حَرَامٍ فَعَلَيْهِ دِيَةٌ وَ ثُلُثٌ".

Hadith.5202 - Kulayb ibn Muawiyah heard Abu Abdullah Imam Al-Sadiq (as) say: "Whoever kills during a sacred month (haram month) is liable for the full blood money (diyyah) plus one-third."

5203 - وَ رَوَى أَبَانٌ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "إِذَا قَتَلَ اَلرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرٍ حَرَامٍ صَامَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِنْ أَشْهُرِ اَلْحُرُمِ".

Hadith.5203 - Aban narrated from Zurarah, who said: I heard Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) say, "If a man kills during a sacred month (haram month), he must fast for two consecutive months from the sacred months."

5204 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً مُسْلِماً عَمْداً فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَقْتُولِ أَوْلِيَاءُ مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلاَّ أَوْلِيَاءُ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلذِّمَّةِ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ فَقَالَ "عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَعْرِضَ عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ اَلْإِسْلاَمَ فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ فَهُوَ وَلِيُّهُ يُدْفَعُ اَلْقَاتِلُ إِلَيْهِ فَإِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ عَفَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ اَلدِّيَةَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ أَحَدٌ كَانَ اَلْإِمَامُ وَلِيَّ أَمْرِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ اَلدِّيَةَ فَجَعَلَهَا فِي بَيْتِ مَالِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ لِأَنَّ جِنَايَةَ اَلْمَقْتُولِ كَانَتْ عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ فَكَذَلِكَ تَكُونُ دِيَتُهُ لِإِمَامِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ " قُلْتُ فَإِنْ عَفَا عَنْهُ اَلْإِمَامُ فَقَالَ "إِنَّمَا هُوَ حَقٌّ لِجَمِيعِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ إِنَّمَا عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ أَوْ يَأْخُذَ اَلدِّيَةَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَعْفُوَ".

Hadith.5204 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Walad, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who intentionally killed a Muslim man, but the murdered man had no heirs among the Muslims, only relatives from the People of the Book (Ahl Al-Dhimmah) from his family. Imam (as) said: "It is upon the Imam to offer Islam to his non-Muslim relatives. Whoever among them accepts Islam becomes his heir, and the killer is handed over to him. If he wishes, he may kill him, or if he wishes, he may forgive him, or if he wishes, he may take the blood money (diyyah). If none of his relatives accept Islam, then the Imam becomes responsible for his case. If the Imam wishes, he may execute the killer, or if he wishes, he may take the blood money and deposit it in the public treasury (Bayt Al-Mal) of the Muslims because the responsibility of protecting the murdered person was upon Imam, and likewise, his blood money belongs to Imam of Muslims." I asked: "What if the Imam forgives the killer?" Imam (as) replied: "It is a right belonging to all Muslims. The Imam must either execute the killer or take the blood money, but he does not have the right to pardon."

5205 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ رَجُلاً عَلَى رَجُلٍ فَقَتَلَهُ فَقَالَ "اَلدِّيَةُ عَلَى اَلَّذِي وَقَعَ عَلَى اَلرَّجُلِ فَقَتَلَهُ لِأَوْلِيَاءِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ" قَالَ "وَ يَرْجِعُ اَلْمَدْفُوعُ بِالدِّيَةِ عَلَى اَلَّذِي دَفَعَهُ" قَالَ "وَ إِنْ أَصَابَ اَلْمَدْفُوعَ شَيْءٌ فَهُوَ عَلَى اَلدَّافِعِ أَيْضاً".

Hadith.5205 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Abdullah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who pushed another man onto someone else, causing that person's death. Imam (as) said: "The blood money (diyyah) is upon the one who fell onto the man and killed him, and it must be paid to the heirs of the murdered person." Imam (as) further said: "Then the one who was pushed may seek the diyyah from the one who pushed him." Imam (as) also said: "And if the one who was pushed suffers any harm, the responsibility falls upon the one who pushed him as well."

5206 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "تُسْتَأْدَى دِيَةُ اَلْخَطَإِ فِي ثَلاَثِ سِنِينَ وَ تُسْتَأْدَى دِيَةُ اَلْعَمْدِ فِي سَنَةٍ".

Hadith.5206 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Walad from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: The Commander of the Faithful (as) used to say, "The blood money (diyyah) for accidental killing (khaṭaʾ) is to be paid over three years, while the blood money for intentional killing (Amd) must be paid within one year."

5207 - وَ رَوَى جَعْفَرُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ مُعَلًّى أَبِي عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: ۝ فَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفّٰارَةٌ لَهُ ۝ قَالَ "يُكَفَّرُ عَنْهُ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا عَفَا عَنِ اَلْعَمْدِ.

Hadith.5207 - Jafar ibn Bashir narrated from Mualla Abu Uthman from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: I asked Imam (as) about the saying of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic: "But if one remits it as charity, it is an expiation for him.". (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:45) Imam (as) said: "A portion of his sins will be expiated according to the extent of the forgiveness granted in the case of intentional killing."

5208 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً عَمْداً فَرُفِعَ إِلَى اَلْوَالِي فَدَفَعَهُ اَلْوَالِي إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ لِيَقْتُلُوهُ فَوَثَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَوْمٌ فَخَلَّصُوا اَلْقَاتِلَ مِنْ أَيْدِي اَلْأَوْلِيَاءِ فَقَالَ "أَرَى أَنْ يُحْبَسَ اَلَّذِينَ خَلَّصُوا اَلْقَاتِلَ مِنْ أَيْدِي اَلْأَوْلِيَاءِ أَبَداً حَتَّى يَأْتُوا بِالْقَاتِلِ" قِيلَ لَهُ فَإِنْ مَاتَ اَلْقَاتِلُ وَ هُمْ فِي اَلسِّجْنِ فَقَالَ "إِنْ مَاتَ فَعَلَيْهِمُ اَلدِّيَةُ يُؤَدُّونَهَا إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ".

Hadith.5208 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Ayyub from Hariz from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: I asked Imam (as) about a man who intentionally killed another man. The matter was presented to the governor, and the governor handed the killer over to the heirs of the murdered person to execute him. However, a group of people attacked and rescued the killer from the heirs. Imam (as) said: "I believe that those who rescued the killer from the hands of the heirs should be imprisoned indefinitely until they bring back the killer." It was asked: "What if the killer dies while they are in prison?" Imam (as) replied: "If he dies, then they must pay the blood money (diyyah) to the heirs of the murdered person."

5209 - وَ رَوَى هِشَامُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سُوقَةَ عَنِ اَلْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي اَلْعَمْدِ وَ اَلْخَطَإِ فِي اَلْقَتْلِ وَ فِي اَلْجِرَاحَاتِ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ اَلْخَطَأُ مِثْلَ اَلْعَمْدِ اَلْعَمْدُ فِيهِ اَلْقَتْلُ وَ اَلْجِرَاحَاتُ فِيهَا اَلْقِصَاصُ وَ اَلْخَطَأُ فِي اَلْقَتْلِ وَ اَلْجِرَاحَاتِ فِيهِمَا اَلدِّيَةُ" وَ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي "يَا حَكَمُ إِذَا كَانَ اَلْخَطَأُ مِنَ اَلْقَاتِلِ أَوِ اَلْخَطَأُ مِنَ اَلْجَارِحِ وَ كَانَ بَدَوِيّاً فَدِيَةُ مَا جَنَى اَلْبَدَوِيُّ مِنَ اَلْخَطَإِ عَلَى أَوْلِيَائِهِ مِنَ اَلْبَدَوِيِّينَ" قَالَ "وَ إِذَا كَانَ اَلْجَارِحُ قَرَوِيّاً فَإِنَّ دِيَةَ مَا جَنَى مِنَ اَلْخَطَإِ عَلَى أَوْلِيَائِهِ اَلْقَرَوِيِّينَ".

Hadith.5209 - Hisham ibn Salim narrated from Ziyad ibn Suqah from Al-Hakam ibn Utaybah, who said: I asked Abu Jafar (as), "What do you say about intentional and accidental killing and in cases of injuries?" Imam (as) replied: "Accidental killing is not the same as intentional killing. In intentional killing, execution (qiṣaṣ) applies, and for injuries, retribution applies. In accidental killing and injuries, there is blood money (diyyah)." Then Imam (as) said to me: "O' Hakam, if the unintentional act is committed by the killer or the one who inflicted the injury, and he is a Bedouin, then the diyyah for what the Bedouin has done by mistake falls upon his fellow Bedouin relatives. And if the one who caused the injury is a villager, then the diyyah for what he has done by mistake falls upon his fellow villagers."

5210 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ أَمَرَ رَجُلاً حُرّاً أَنْ يَقْتُلَ رَجُلاً فَقَتَلَهُ قَالَ "يُقْتَلُ بِهِ اَلَّذِي وَلِيَ قَتْلَهُ وَ يُحْبَسُ اَلَّذِي أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ فِي اَلسِّجْنِ أَبَداً حَتَّى يَمُوتَ".

Hadith.5210 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Zurarah from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) regarding a man who commanded a free man to kill another man, and he carried out the killing. Imam (as) said: "The one who directly committed the murder shall be executed, and the one who ordered the killing shall be imprisoned forever until he dies."

5211 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ أُمَّهُ قَالَ "لاَ يَرِثُهَا وَ يُقْتَلُ بِهَا صَاغِراً وَ لاَ أَظُنُّ قَتْلَهُ بِهَا كَفَّارَةً لِذَنْبِهِ".

Hadith.5211 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Abu Ubaydah, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who killed his mother. Imam (as) said: "He does not inherit from her, and he is to be executed for her murder in a state of humiliation. Yet, I do not believe that his execution will serve as an expiation for his sin."

5212 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً خَطَأً فِي أَشْهُرِ اَلْحُرُمِ قَالَ "عَلَيْهِ اَلدِّيَةُ وَ صَوْمُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِنْ أَشْهُرِ اَلْحُرُمِ" قُلْتُ إِنَّ هَذَا يَدْخُلُ فِيهِ اَلْعِيدُ وَ أَيَّامُ اَلتَّشْرِيقِ فَقَالَ "يَصُومُهُ فَإِنَّهُ حَقٌّ لَزِمَهُ".

Hadith.5212 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Zurarah, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who accidentally killed another man during the sacred months (Ashhur Al-Hurum). Imam (as) said: "He must pay the blood money (diyyah) and fast for two consecutive months from the sacred months." I said: "But this period includes Eid and the days of Tashriq (the days following Eid Al-Adha)." Imam (as) replied: "He must still fast them, for it is an obligation that has become binding upon him."

5213 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبَانٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "عَلَيْهِ دِيَةٌ وَ ثُلُثٌ".

Hadith.5213 - In the narration of Aban from Zurarah from Abu Abdullah (as), he said: "He must pay the full blood money (diyyah) plus one-third."

5214 - وَ رَوَى ظَرِيفُ بْنُ نَاصِحٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً ضَرَبَ رَجُلاً بِخَزَفَةٍ أَوْ بِآجُرَّةٍ فَمَاتَ كَانَ مُتَعَمِّداً".

Hadith.5214 - Zarif ibn Naṣih narrated from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah from Abu Basir, who said: Abu Abdullah (as) said: "If a man strikes another man with a piece of pottery or a brick and he dies, it is considered intentional killing."

5215 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ وَ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ أَعْنَفَ عَلَيْهَا اَلرَّجُلُ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّهَا مَاتَتْ مِنْ عُنْفِهِ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ "اَلدِّيَةُ كَامِلَةً وَ لاَ يُقْتَلُ اَلرَّجُلُ".

Hadith.5215 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Hisham ibn Salim and others from Abu Abdullah (as) that that Imam (as) was asked about a woman upon whom a man used excessive force, and he claimed that she died due to his violence against her. Imam (as) said: "The full blood money (diyyah) must be paid, but the man is not to be executed."

5216 - وَ فِي نَوَادِرِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ : أَنَّ اَلصَّادِقَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْنَفَ عَلَى اِمْرَأَةٍ أَوِ اِمْرَأَةٍ أَعْنَفَتْ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا فَقَتَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا اَلْآخَرَ قَالَ "لاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِمَا إِذَا كَانَا مَأْمُونَيْنِ فَإِنِ اُتُّهِمَا لَزِمَهُمَا اَلْيَمِينُ بِاللَّهِ أَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يُرِيدَا اَلْقَتْلَ".

Hadith.5216 - In Nawadir of Ibrahim ibn Hashim, it is narrated that Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about a man who violently assaulted a woman or a woman who violently assaulted her husband, and one of them ended up killing the other. Imam (as) said: "There is nothing upon either of them if they are considered trustworthy. However, if they are suspected, they must swear an oath by Allah (swt) that they did not intend to kill."

5217 - وَ رَوَى دَاوُدُ بْنُ سِرْحَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلَيْنِ قَتَلاَ رَجُلاً قَالَ "إِنْ شَاءَ أَوْلِيَاءُ اَلْمَقْتُولِ أَنْ يُؤَدُّوا دِيَةً وَ يَقْتُلُوهُمَا جَمِيعاً قَتَلُوهُمَا".

Hadith.5217 - Dawud ibn Sirhan narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding two men who killed another man. Imam (as) said: "If the heirs of the murdered person wish to pay the blood money (diyyah) and execute both of them, they may kill them both."

5218 - وَ رَوَى سَمَاعَةُ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ۝ فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبٰاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۝ مَا ذَاكَ اَلشَّيْءُ قَالَ "هُوَ اَلرَّجُلُ يَقْبَلُ اَلدِّيَةَ فَأَمَرَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ اَلَّذِي لَهُ اَلْحَقُّ أَنْ يَتَّبِعَهُ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَ لاَ يُعْسِرَهُ وَ أَمَرَ اَلَّذِي عَلَيْهِ اَلْحَقُّ أَنْ لاَ يَظْلِمَهُ وَ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَهُ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ إِذَا أَيْسَرَ" فَقُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ قَوْلَهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ۝ فَمَنِ اِعْتَدىٰ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذٰابٌ أَلِيمٌ ۝ قَالَ "هُوَ اَلرَّجُلُ يَقْبَلُ اَلدِّيَةَ أَوْ يُصَالِحُ ثُمَّ يَجِيءُ بَعْدُ فَيُمَثِّلُ أَوْ يَقْتُلُ فَوَعَدَهُ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً".

Hadith.5218 - Samaah narrated from Abu Basir from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) regarding the saying of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic: "But if any remission is made by the brother of the slain, then grant [him] a suitable follow-up" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178). I asked: "What is that 'remission'?" Imam (as) said: "It is when a person accepts the blood money (diyyah). Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic, commanded the one who has the right (the victim's heir) to pursue it in a good manner and not to make it difficult, and He (swt) commanded the one who owes the blood money not to wrong him and to pay it with kindness when he becomes able to do so." I then asked: "What about Allah's (swt) saying: 'But whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment'?" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178). Imam (as) said: "This refers to the person who accepts the blood money or agrees to a settlement and then later comes back to mutilate or kill (the killer). Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic, has promised him a painful punishment."

5219 - وَ رَوَى دَاوُدُ بْنُ سِرْحَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ حَمَلَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ مَتَاعاً فَأَصَابَ إِنْسَاناً فَمَاتَ أَوْ كَسَرَ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً قَالَ "هُوَ مَأْمُونٌ".

Hadith.5219 - Dawud ibn Sirhan narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who was carrying goods on his head and accidentally struck a person, causing death or breaking something. Imam (as) said: "He is not held liable (ma'mun)."

5220 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ رَجُلٌ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً مُتَعَمِّداً أَوْ خَطَأً وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ وَ مَالٌ فَأَرَادَ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ أَنْ يَهَبُوا دَمَهُ لِلْقَاتِلِ فَقَالَ "إِنْ وَهَبُوا دَمَهُ ضَمِنُوا اَلدَّيْنَ " قُلْتُ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَرَادُوا قَتْلَهُ فَقَالَ "إِنْ قُتِلَ عَمْداً قُتِلَ قَاتِلُهُ وَ أَدَّى عَنْهُ اَلْإِمَامُ اَلدَّيْنَ مِنْ سَهْمِ اَلْغَارِمِينَ" قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ قُتِلَ عَمْداً وَ صَالَحَ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ قَاتِلَهُ عَلَى اَلدِّيَةِ فَعَلَى مَنِ اَلدَّيْنُ عَلَى أَوْلِيَائِهِ مِنَ اَلدِّيَةِ أَوْ عَلَى إِمَامِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَالَ "بَلْ يُؤَدُّونَ دَيْنَهُ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ اَلَّتِي صَالَحُوا عَلَيْهَا أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ فَإِنَّهُ أَحَقُّ بِدِيَتِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ".

Hadith.5220 - Muhammad ibn Aslam narrated from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah from Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as), who said: I asked Imam (as): "May I be your ransom! A man was killed, whether intentionally or accidentally, and he had debts and wealth. His heirs wanted to pardon the killer. What is the ruling?" Imam (as) said: "If they pardon his blood, they are responsible for paying his debts." I asked: "What if they wish to execute the killer?" Imam (as) said: "If he is killed intentionally, his killer is to be executed, and the Imam will pay his debt from the gharimin (debtors) portion of the public treasury (Bayt Al-Mal)." I asked: "If he was killed intentionally and his heirs reconciled with the killer for blood money (diyyah), who is responsible for the debt? Is it upon his heirs from the blood money or upon the Imam of the Muslims?" Imam (as) replied: "Rather, they must pay his debt from the diyyah they accepted in the settlement because he is more entitled to his blood money than anyone else."

5221 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اِبْنِ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "كُلُّ مَنْ قَتَلَ بِشَيْءٍ صَغِيرٍ أَوْ كَبِيرٍ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَتَعَمَّدَ فَعَلَيْهِ اَلْقَوَدُ".

Hadith.5221 - In the narration of Ibn Bukayr, Abu Abdullah (as) said: "Whoever intentionally kills with anything, whether small or large, is subject to retribution (qiṣaṣ)."

5222 - وَ رَوَى اَلْبَزَنْطِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ ضَرَبَ رَجُلاً بِعَصاً عَلَى رَأْسِهِ فَثَقُلَ لِسَانُهُ قَالَ "يُعْرَضُ عَلَيْهِ حُرُوفُ اَلْمُعْجَمِ فَمَا أَفْصَحَ مِنْهَا فَلاَ شَيْءَ فِيهِ وَ مَا لَمْ يُفْصِحْ بِهِ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ اَلدِّيَةُ وَ هِيَ ثَمَانِيَةٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ حَرْفاً".

Hadith.5222 - Al-Bazanti narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who struck another man on the head with a stick, causing his speech to become impaired. Imam (as) said: "He should be tested with the letters of the Arabic alphabet. For the letters he can articulate clearly, there is no liability. But for the letters he cannot pronounce clearly, there is blood money (diyyah) due for each, and the total is twenty-eight letters."