Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

4851 - رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ اَلْبَزَنْطِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْكَرِيمِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لاَ يَقَعُ اَللِّعَانُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ اَلرَّجُلُ بِامْرَأَتِهِ".

Hadith.4851 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr Al-Bazanti narrated from Abdul Karim ibn Amr, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "Lian (the mutual curse between spouses) does not take place unless the man has consummated the marriage with his wife."

4852 - وَ سَأَلَ اَلْبَزَنْطِيُّ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فَقَالَ لَهُ أَصْلَحَكَ اَللَّهُ كَيْفَ اَلْمُلاَعَنَةُ قَالَ "يَقْعُدُ اَلْإِمَامُ وَ يَجْعَلُ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى اَلْقِبْلَةِ وَ يَجْعَلُ اَلرَّجُلَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَ اَلْمَرْأَةَ وَ اَلصَّبِيَّ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ".

Hadith.4852 - Al-Bazanti asked Abu Al-Hasan Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as): "May Allah (swt) rectify your affairs, how is the procedure of liʿan (mutual cursing) carried out?" Imam (as) replied: "The Imam sits with his back facing the Qibla, placing the man on his right side and the woman along with the child on his left side."

4853 - وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ: "ثُمَّ يَقُومُ اَلرَّجُلُ فَيَحْلِفُ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ بِاللَّهِ "إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ اَلصّٰادِقِينَ" فِيمَا رَمَاهَا بِهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ اَلْإِمَامُ لَهُ اِتَّقِ اَللَّهَ فَإِنَّ لَعْنَةَ اَللَّهِ شَدِيدَةٌ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ اَلرَّجُلُ لَعْنَةُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ "إِنْ كٰانَ مِنَ اَلْكٰاذِبِينَ" فِيمَا رَمَاهَا بِهِ ثُمَّ تَقُومُ اَلْمَرْأَةُ فَتَحْلِفُ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ بِاللَّهِ "إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ اَلْكٰاذِبِينَ" فِيمَا رَمَاهَا بِهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لَهَا اَلْإِمَامُ اِتَّقِي اَللَّهَ فَإِنَّ غَضَبَ اَللَّهِ شَدِيدٌ ثُمَّ تَقُولُ اَلْمَرْأَةُ غَضَبُ "اَللّٰهِ عَلَيْهٰا إِنْ كٰانَ مِنَ اَلصّٰادِقِينَ" فِيمَا رَمَاهَا بِهِ ".

Hadith.4853 - In another narration, it is described that the man stands and swears four times by Allah (swt), saying: "Indeed, I am of the truthful in what I have accused her of." Then the Imam says to him, "Fear Allah (swt), for the curse of Allah (swt) is severe." The man then says, "May the curse of Allah (swt) be upon me if I am among the liars in what I have accused her of." Then the woman stands and swears four times by Allah (swt), saying, "Indeed, he is among the liars in what he has accused me of." The Imam then says to her, "Fear Allah (swt), for the anger of Allah (swt) is severe." She then says, "May the anger of Allah (swt) be upon me if he is among the truthful in what he has accused me of."

4854 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْحُرِّ يُلاَعِنُ اَلْمَمْلُوكَةَ قَالَ "نَعَمْ إِذَا كَانَ مَوْلاَهَا اَلَّذِي زَوَّجَهَا إِيَّاهُ".

Hadith.4854 - Al-Alaa narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim who said: I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a free man performing liʿan (mutual cursing) against a female slave. Imam (as) replied: "Yes, if it was her master who married her to him."

4855 - فَأَمَّا خَبَرُ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لاَ يُلاَعِنُ اَلرَّجُلُ اَلْحُرُّ اَلْأَمَةَ وَ لاَ اَلذِّمِّيَّةَ وَ لاَ اَلَّتِي يَتَمَتَّعُ بِهَا".

Hadith.4855 - As for the narration of Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "A free man does not perform liʿan (mutual cursing) against a female slave, nor against a non-Muslim woman (dhimmiyyah), nor against a woman with whom he is in a temporary marriage (mut'ah),"

4856 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ قَذَفَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَجَاءَ وَ قَدْ تُوُفِّيَتْ قَالَ "يَخِيرُ وَاحِداً مِنِ اِثْنَيْنِ يُقَالُ لَهُ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَلْزَمْتَ نَفْسَكَ اَلذَّنْبَ فَيُقَامُ فِيكَ اَلْحَدُّ وَ تُعْطَى اَلْمِيرَاثَ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَقْرَرْتَ فَلاَعَنْتَ أَدْنَى قَرَابَتِهَا إِلَيْهَا وَ لاَ مِيرَاثَ لَكَ ".

Hadith.4856 - Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub narrated from Muhammad ibn Isa, from Al-Husayn ibn Alwan, from Amr ibn Khalid, from Zayd ibn Ali (as) regarding a man who accused his wife of adultery and then left, only to return and find that she had passed away. Zayd (as) said: "He is given a choice between two options. It is said to him: 'If you wish, you can accept the blame upon yourself, in which case the prescribed punishment (ḥadd) will be carried out on you, and you will be entitled to her inheritance. However, if you choose to admit to your accusation, you must perform liʿan (mutual cursing) with her closest living relative, and in that case, you will not inherit from her.'"

4857 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ اَلْكُوفِيُّ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَيْفٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ اَلثَّانِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ كَيْفَ صَارَ اَلرَّجُلُ إِذَا قَذَفَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ كَانَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ أَرْبَعَ "شَهٰادٰاتٍ بِاللّٰهِ" فَإِذَا قَذَفَهَا غَيْرُهُ أَبٌ أَوْ أَخٌ أَوْ وَلَدٌ أَوْ غَرِيبٌ جُلِدَ اَلْحَدَّ أَوْ يُقِيمَ اَلْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى مَا قَالَ فَقَالَ "قَدْ سُئِلَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ "إِنَّ اَلزَّوْجَ إِذَا قَذَفَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ فَقَالَ رَأَيْتُ ذَلِكَ بِعَيْنِي كَانَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ أَرْبَعَ "شَهٰادٰاتٍ بِاللّٰهِ" " وَ إِذَا قَالَ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَرَهُ قِيلَ لَهُ أَقِمِ اَلْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى مَا قُلْتَهُ وَ إِلاَّ كَانَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ غَيْرِهِ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَعَلَ لِلزَّوْجِ مَدْخَلاً يَدْخُلُهُ لَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ لِغَيْرِهِ مِنْ وَالِدٍ وَ لاَ وَلَدٍ وَ يَدْخُلُهُ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ اَلنَّهَارِ فَجَازَ أَنْ يَقُولَ رَأَيْتُ وَ لَوْ قَالَ غَيْرُهُ رَأَيْتُ قِيلَ لَهُ وَ مَا أَدْخَلَكَ اَلْمَدْخَلَ اَلَّذِي تَرَى هَذَا فِيهِ وَحْدَكَ أَنْتَ مُتَّهَمٌ وَ لاَ بُدَّ مِنْ أَنْ يُقَامَ عَلَيْكَ اَلْحَدُّ اَلَّذِي أَوْجَبَهُ اَللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ".

Hadith.4857 - Al-Hasan ibn Ali Al-Kufi narrated from Al-Husayn ibn Saif, from Muhammad ibn Sulayman, from Abu Ja'far Al-Thani (as), who said: I asked him: "May I be sacrificed for you, why is it that when a man accuses his wife of adultery, his testimony consists of four oaths by Allah (swt), but if someone else, such as a father, brother, son, or even a stranger - accuses her, he is subjected to the ḥadd punishment unless he provides clear evidence for his claim?" Imam (as) replied: " Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked the same question and said: 'If a husband accuses his wife and claims, "I saw it with my own eyes," his testimony is four oaths by Allah (swt). However, if he says he did not see it himself, he is told to bring evidence for his claim, and if he fails, he is treated like anyone else.' This is because Allah (swt), the Almighty, has given the husband a special access to his wife that no one else has-neither a father, a son, nor anyone else. He has access to her day and night, so it is valid for him to say, 'I saw.' But if anyone else were to say, 'I saw,' it would be said to him, 'How did you have access to such a place to witness this alone? You are under suspicion and must be subjected to the ḥadd punishment that Allah (swt) has prescribed for you.'"

4858 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ اَلْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ: إِنَّ عَبَّادَ اَلْبَصْرِيِّ سَأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ حَاضِرٌ كَيْفَ يُلاَعِنُ اَلرَّجُلُ اَلْمَرْأَةَ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "إِنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً دَخَلَ مَنْزِلَهُ فَرَأَى مَعَ اِمْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً يُجَامِعُهَا مَا كَانَ يَصْنَعُ فِيهِمَا" قَالَ "فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَانْصَرَفَ اَلرَّجُلُ وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ اَلرَّجُلُ هُوَ اَلَّذِي اُبْتُلِيَ بِذَلِكَ مِنِ اِمْرَأَتِهِ" قَالَ "فَنَزَلَ اَلْوَحْيُ مِنْ عِنْدِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِالْحُكْمِ فِيهِمَا" قَالَ "فَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ إِلَى ذَلِكَ اَلرَّجُلِ فَدَعَاهُ فَقَالَ "أَنْتَ اَلَّذِي رَأَيْتَ مَعَ اِمْرَأَتِكَ رَجُلاً" فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ لَهُ "اِنْطَلِقْ فَأْتِنِي بِامْرَأَتِكَ فَإِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اَلْحُكْمَ فِيكَ وَ فِيهَا" " قَالَ "فَأَحْضَرَهَا زَوْجُهَا فَوَقَّفَهَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ قَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ "اِشْهَدْ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّكَ لَمِنَ اَلصَّادِقِينَ فِيمَا رَمَيْتَهَا بِهِ" " قَالَ "فَشَهِدَ" قَالَ "ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ "أَمْسِكْ" وَ وَعَظَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ "اِتَّقِ اَللَّهَ فَإِنَّ لَعْنَةَ اَللَّهِ شَدِيدَةٌ" ثُمَّ قَالَ "اِشْهَدِ اَلْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ لَعْنَةَ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ اَلْكَاذِبِينَ" " قَالَ "فَشَهِدَ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَنُحِّيَ ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ "اِشْهَدِي أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ زَوْجَكِ لَمِنَ اَلْكَاذِبِينَ فِيمَا رَمَاكِ بِهِ" " قَالَ "فَشَهِدَتْ" قَالَ "ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا "أَمْسِكِي" وَ وَعَظَهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا "اِتَّقِي اَللَّهَ فَإِنَّ غَضَبَ اَللَّهِ شَدِيدٌ" ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا "اِشْهَدِي اَلْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْكِ إِنْ كَانَ زَوْجُكِ مِنَ اَلصَّادِقِينَ فِيمَا رَمَاكِ بِهِ" " قَالَ "فَشَهِدَتْ" قَالَ "فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ قَالَ لَهُمَا "لاَ تَجْتَمِعَا بِنِكَاحٍ أَبَداً بَعْدَ مَا تَلاَعَنْتُمَا" ".

Hadith.4858 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdul Rahman ibn Al-Hajjaj who said: Abbad Al-Basri asked Abu Abdullah (as), while I was present with him, "How does a man invoke the mutual imprecation (li'an) against his wife?" Imam (as) replied: "A man from among the Muslims came to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) and said: 'O Messenger of Allah (swt), what do you say about a man who enters his house and finds another man with his wife, engaged in intercourse, what should he do about them?' The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) turned away from him, and the man left. That man was, in fact, the one who had been afflicted with this situation concerning his wife. Then, revelation descended from Allah (swt), the Almighty, with the ruling regarding their case. The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) sent for the man and called him. He (sw) said to him: 'Are you the one who saw a man with your wife?' He replied: 'Yes.' The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) then said: 'Go and bring your wife to me, for Allah (swt), the Almighty, has revealed the ruling concerning you and her.'" The husband brought his wife, and the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) had her stand before him (sw). The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said to the husband: "Bear witness four times by Allah (swt) that you are among the truthful in what you have accused her of." The man testified accordingly. Then the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Pause," and He (sw) admonished him, saying, "Fear Allah (swt), for the curse of Allah (swt) is severe." He (sw) then instructed him: "Now bear witness the fifth time that the curse of Allah (swt) is upon you if you are among the liars." The man testified the fifth time. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) then ordered that the man be set aside and turned to the woman, saying: "Bear witness four times by Allah (swt) that your husband is among the liars in what he has accused you of." She testified accordingly. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) then said: "Pause," and He (sw) admonished her, saying, "Fear Allah (swt), for the anger of Allah (swt) is severe." He (sw) then told her: "Now bear witness the fifth time that the anger of Allah (swt) is upon you if your husband is among the truthful in what he has accused you of." She testified the fifth time. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) then separated them and said: "You two can never be joined together in marriage again after you have both engaged in liʿan."