Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3507 - رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ أُمِّ اَلْوَلَدِ قَالَ "أَمَةٌ تُبَاعُ وَ تُورَثُ وَ تُوهَبُ وَ حَدُّهَا حَدُّ اَلْأَمَةِ".

Hadith.3507 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab, from Zurara, who said: I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), about Umm al-Walad (a female slave who bears a child for her master). Imam (as) said: "She is a slave. She can be sold, inherited, and gifted, and her legal ruling is the same as that of a slave."

3508 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ زَوَّجَ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ لَهُ عَبْداً لَهُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ اَلسَّيِّدُ قَالَ "لاَ خِيَارَ لَهَا عَلَى اَلْعَبْدِ هِيَ مَمْلُوكَةٌ لِلْوَرَثَةِ".

Hadith.3508 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Wahb ibn Abd Rabbih, from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who married his Umm al-Walad (a female slave who bore him a child) to his slave, and then the master died. Imam (as) said: "She has no choice regarding the slave. She remains a slave belonging to the heirs."

3509 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اَلْبَزَنْطِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ وَ لَهُ مِنْهَا وَلَدٌ أَ يَصْلُحُ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا فَقَالَ "أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَوْصَى فِي أُمَّهَاتِ اَلْأَوْلاَدِ اَللاَّتِي كَانَ يَطُوفُ عَلَيْهِنَّ "مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُنَّ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَهِيَ مِنْ نَصِيبِ وَلَدِهَا وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ" وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُنَّ لَهَا وَلَدٌ مِنْ نَصِيبِ وَلَدِهَا لِكَيْلاَ تَنْكِحَ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهَا".

Hadith.3509 - In a narration from Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa, from Al-Bazanti, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, he said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who dies and leaves behind an Umm al-Walad (a female slave who bore him a child) and has a child from her. Can another man marry her? Imam (as) said: "I was informed that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), instructed regarding the Umm al-Walad women he had relations with: 'Whoever among them has borne a child, she becomes the share of her child. And whoever has not borne a child, she is set free.' And those who had children were assigned to their children to ensure that they would not marry except with the permission of their family."

3510 - وَ رَوَى سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ اَلْمِنْقَرِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَوْ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ : "لاَ تُجْبَرُ اَلْحُرَّةُ عَلَى رَضَاعِ اَلْوَلَدِ وَ تُجْبَرُ أُمُّ اَلْوَلَدِ".

Hadith.3510 - Sulaiman ibn Dawud Al-Minqari narrated from Abdul Aziz ibn Muhammad, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as), or I heard him say: "A free woman is not compelled to breastfeed the child, but an Umm al-Walad (a female slave who bore her master a child) is compelled."

3511 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "كَانَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِذَا مَاتَ اَلرَّجُلُ وَ لَهُ اِمْرَأَةٌ مَمْلُوكَةٌ اِشْتَرَاهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ فَأَعْتَقَهَا ثُمَّ وَرَّثَهَا".

Hadith.3511 - Ibn Muskan narrated from Sulaiman ibn Khalid, who narrated from some of the Imams (as), peace be upon them: "When a man died and had a wife who was a slave, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) would purchase her from his estate, emancipate her, and then make her an heir."

3512 - وَ رَوَى عُمَرُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لَهُ أَسْأَلُكَ قَالَ "سَلْ" قُلْتُ لِمَ بَاعَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أُمَّهَاتِ اَلْأَوْلاَدِ فَقَالَ "فِي فَكَاكِ رِقَابِهِنَّ" قُلْتُ وَ كَيْفَ ذَاكَ قَالَ "أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً فَأَوْلَدَهَا ثُمَّ لَمْ يُؤَدِّ ثَمَنَهَا وَ لَمْ يَدَعْ مِنَ اَلْمَالِ مَا يُؤَدَّى عَنْهُ أُخِذَ وَلَدُهَا مِنْهَا وَ بِيعَتْ وَ أُدِّيَ ثَمَنُهَا" قُلْتُ فَتُبَاعُ فِيمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ اَلدَّيْنِ قَالَ "لاَ".

Hadith.3512 - Umar ibn Yazid narrated from Abu Ibrahim (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as)), who said: I said to him: "May I ask you a question?" Imam (as) replied: "Ask." I asked: "Why did Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, sell the mothers of children (Umm al-Walad)?" Imam (as) said: "To free them from slavery." I asked: "How was that?" Imam (as) said: "If a man purchased a bondwoman and she bore him a child, but he did not pay her price and did not leave enough wealth to pay for her, her child would be taken from her, and she would be sold to pay her price." I asked: "Is she sold for any other debt besides this?" Imam (as) said: "No."

3513 - وَ رَوَى عَاصِمٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ سُرِّيَّةً لَهَا وَلَدٌ أَوْ فِي بَطْنِهَا وَلَدٌ أَوْ لاَ وَلَدَ لَهَا فَإِنْ كَانَ أَعْتَقَهَا رَبُّهَا عَتَقَتْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُعْتِقْهَا حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ فَقَدْ سَبَقَ فِيهَا كِتَابُ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ كِتَابُ اَللَّهِ أَحَقُّ" قَالَ "وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ وَ تَرَكَ مَالاً تُجْعَلُ فِي نَصِيبِ وَلَدِهَا وَ يُمْسِكُهَا أَوْلِيَاءُ وَلَدِهَا حَتَّى يَكْبَرَ اَلْوَلَدُ فَيَكُونُ هُوَ اَلَّذِي يُعْتِقُهَا إِنْ شَاءَ وَ يَكُونُونَ هُمْ يَرِثُونَ وَلَدَهَا مَا دَامَتْ أَمَةً فَإِنْ أَعْتَقَهَا وَلَدُهَا عَتَقَتْ وَ إِنْ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا وَلَدُهَا وَ لَمْ يُعْتِقْهَا فَإِنْ شَاءُوا أَرَقُّوا وَ إِنْ شَاءُوا أَعْتَقُوا" "وَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ جَارِيَةً وَ قَدْ وَلَدَتْ مِنْهُ اِبْنَةً وَ هِيَ صَغِيرَةٌ غَيْرَ أَنَّهَا تُبِينُ اَلْكَلاَمَ فَأَعْتَقَتْ أُمَّهَا فَتَخَاصَمَ فِيهَا مَوَالِي أَبِ اَلْجَارِيَةِ فَأَجَازَ عِتْقَهَا لِأُمِّهَا".

Hadith.3513 - Asim narrated from Muhammad ibn Qays, who narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), that Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, said: "Any man who leaves behind a concubine (surriyah) who has a child, or is pregnant with a child, or has no child, then if her master had freed her, she is free. But if he did not free her before his death, then the Book of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious, has already decided her case, and the Book of Allah (swt) is more deserving to be followed." Imam (as) continued: "If she has a child and the man leaves wealth, then she is to be placed under the share of her child, and the guardians of the child shall keep her until the child grows up. At that point, the child has the right to free her if they wish. Meanwhile, the guardians inherit the child's wealth as long as she remains a slave. If her child frees her, she becomes free. However, if her child dies without freeing her, the guardians have the option to either keep her as a slave or free her." "Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, also ruled concerning a man who left behind a bondwoman who had borne him a daughter. The daughter was still young but capable of speaking. The daughter then freed her mother. The guardians of the father's estate disputed this matter, but Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, upheld the daughter's act of freeing her mother."

3514 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ اَلْوَلِيدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ قَالَ : قَدِمْتُ مِنْ مِصْرَ وَ مَعِي رَقِيقٌ فَمَرَرْتُ بِالْعَاشِرِ فَسَأَلَنِي فَقُلْتُ هُمْ أَحْرَارٌ كُلُّهُمْ فَقَدِمْتُ اَلْمَدِينَةَ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِقَوْلِي لِلْعَاشِرِ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ " فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ فِيهِمْ جَارِيَةً قَدْ وَقَعْتُ عَلَيْهَا وَ بِهَا حَمْلٌ قَالَ "لاَ أَ لَيْسَ وَلَدُهَا بِالَّذِي يُعْتِقُهَا إِذَا هَلَكَ سَيِّدُهَا صَارَتْ مِنْ نَصِيبِ وَلَدِهَا".

Hadith.3514 - Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id narrated from Safwan ibn Yahya, who narrated from al-Walid ibn Hisham: "I came from Egypt with some slaves, and when I passed by the tax collector (al-'Ashir), he asked me about them. I said: 'They are all free.' When I arrived in Medina, I went to Abu al-Hasan (as), and informed him about what I had told the tax collector. Imam (as) said: 'There is nothing upon you.' I then said: 'Among them is a bondwoman with whom I had relations, and she is pregnant.' Imam (as) replied: 'Isn't her child the one who will free her? When her master dies, she becomes the share of her child.'"