Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3515 - رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ : إِنَّ اَلنَّاسَ كُلَّهُمْ أَحْرَارٌ إِلاَّ مَنْ أَقَرَّ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِالرِّقِّ وَ هُوَ مُدْرِكٌ مِنْ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ وَ مَنْ شَهِدَ عَلَيْهِ شَاهِدَانِ بِالرِّقِّ صَغِيراً كَانَ أَوْ كَبِيراً.

Hadith.3515 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from 'Abdullah ibn Sinan, who said: "I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say: Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, used to say: 'Indeed, all people are free, except for the one who acknowledges servitude upon himself while being of sound understanding-whether he is a slave or a bondwoman-or the one upon whom two witnesses testify to his servitude, whether he is young or old.'"

3516 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنِ اَلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْفَضْلِ اَلْهَاشِمِيِّ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ أَقَرَّ أَنَّهُ عَبْدٌ قَالَ يَأْخُذُهُ بِمَا قَالَ أَوْ يَرُدَّ اَلْمَالَ.

Hadith.3516 - Al-'Abbas ibn 'Amir narrated from Aban, from Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Hashimi, who said: "I said to Abu Abdullah (as), 'A man admitted that he is a slave.' Imam (as) said: 'He will be held accountable based on what he said, or he must return the wealth.'"

3517 - وَ رَوَى اَلسَّكُونِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ : إِذَا عَمِيَ اَلْعَبْدُ فَلاَ رِقَّ عَلَيْهِ وَ اَلْعَبْدُ إِذَا أَجْذَمَ فَلاَ رِقَّ عَلَيْهِ.

Hadith.3517 - Al-Sakooni narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), from his forefathers, peace be upon them, who said: The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, said: "If a slave becomes blind, there is no servitude upon him; and if a slave becomes leprous, there is no servitude upon him."

3518 - وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "إِذَا عَمِيَ اَلْعَبْدُ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ".

Hadith.3518 - Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "If a slave becomes blind, he is emancipated."

3519 - وَ رَوَى هِشَامُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِيمَنْ نَكَّلَ بِمَمْلُوكِهِ أَنَّهُ حُرٌّ لاَ سَبِيلَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ سَائِبَةٌ يَذْهَبُ فَيَتَوَلَّى إِلَى مَنْ أَحَبَّ فَإِذَا ضَمِنَ حَدَثَهُ فَهُوَ يَرِثُهُ".

Hadith.3519 - Hisham ibn Salim narrated from Abu Basir, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): "Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, ruled regarding a person who mistreated his slave that the slave becomes free. There is no authority over him, and he is considered a 'sa'ibah' (free without obligation). He may choose to align himself with whomever he wishes, and if that person guarantees his liability, then he inherits from him."

3520 - وَ رُوِيَ : فِي اِمْرَأَةٍ قَطَعَتْ ثَدْيَ وَلِيدَتِهَا "أَنَّهَا حُرَّةٌ لاَ سَبِيلَ لِمَوْلاَتِهَا عَلَيْهَا".

Hadith.3520 - It is narrated regarding a woman who cut off the breast of her female slave; "She (the slave) is free, and her mistress has no authority over her."

3521 - وَ رَوَى طَلْحَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ بَعْضَ مَمْلُوكِهِ قَالَ "هُوَ حُرٌّ كُلُّهُ لَيْسَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ شَرِيكٌ".

Hadith.3521 - It is narrated by Talhah bin Zayd, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), peace be upon him, regarding a man who freed part of his slave. Imam (as) said: "He is completely free; there is no partner with Allah (swt), the Almighty."

3522 - وَ رَوَى اَلسَّكُونِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ أَمَةً وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى فَاسْتَثْنَى مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا قَالَ "اَلْأَمَةُ حُرَّةٌ وَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا حُرٌّ لِأَنَّ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا مِنْهَا".

Hadith.3522 - It is narrated by Al-Sakooni, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), peace be upon him, regarding a man who freed a pregnant bondwoman but excluded what was in her womb. Imam (as) said: "The bondwoman is free, and what is in her womb is also free because what is in her womb is a part of her."

3523 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَ يَجُوزُ لِلْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ مَمْلُوكاً مُشْرِكاً قَالَ "لاَ".

Hadith.3523 - It is narrated from Saif bin Amira, who said: "I asked Abu Abdullah (as), 'Is it permissible for a Muslim to free a slave who is a polytheist?'" Imam (as) said: "No."

3524 - وَ رَوَى أَبُو اَلْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "لاَ يَجُوزُ فِي اَلْعَتَاقِ اَلْأَعْمَى وَ اَلْأَعْوَرُ وَ اَلْمُقْعَدُ وَ يَجُوزُ اَلْأَشَلُّ وَ اَلْأَعْرَجُ ".

Hadith.3524 - It is narrated by Abu Al-Bakhtari from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "It is not permissible in emancipation (freeing a slave) for the blind, the one-eyed, or the crippled. However, it is permissible for the one with a paralyzed hand or the lame."

3525 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ نَسَمَةً أَيُّهُمَا أَفْضَلُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ شَيْخاً كَبِيراً أَوْ شَابّاً أَجْرَدَ قَالَ "أَعْتَقَ مَنْ أَغْنَى نَفْسَهُ اَلشَّيْخُ اَلْكَبِيرُ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ اَلشَّابِّ اَلْأَجْرَدِ".

Hadith.3525 - It is narrated from Ali bin Ja'far from his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as), who said: "I asked him about a man who is obligated to free a slave and intends to emancipate one. Which is better-to free an old man or a young, healthy man?" Imam (as) replied: 'Free the one who is more self-sufficient. The old man is better than the young, healthy (strong) man.' "

3526 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ قَالَ : كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَانَ عَلَيَّ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ فَهَرَبَ لِي مَمْلُوكٌ لَسْتُ أَعْلَمُ أَيْنَ هُوَ أَ يُجْزِينِي عِتْقُهُ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "نَعَمْ ".

Hadith.3526 - It is narrated from Ahmad bin Hilal, who said: "I wrote to Abu al-Hasan (as), stating that I was obligated to free a slave, but my slave had escaped, and I did not know where he was. Would his emancipation suffice for fulfilling my obligation?" Imam (as) wrote back: 'Yes.' "

3527 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ اَلْجَعْفَرِيِّ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ مَمْلُوكٌ قَدْ أَبَقَ مِنْهُ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ فِي كَفَّارَةِ اَلظِّهَارِ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ مَا لَمْ يَعْرِفْ مِنْهُ مَوْتاً".

Hadith.3527 - It is narrated from Abu Hashim al-Ja'fari, who said: "I asked Abu al-Hasan (as), about a man who had a runaway slave. Is it permissible for him to free the slave as an expiation for zihar?" Imam (as) replied: 'There is no harm in it, as long as he has not come to know of the slave's death.'"