Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3494 - رَوَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ : "اَلْوَلاَءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ اَلنَّسَبِ، لاَ تُبَاعُ وَ لاَ تُوهَبُ".

Hadith.3494 - Isma'il ibn Muslim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "Wala' (the bond of loyalty) is like the bond of lineage; it cannot be sold or given away as a gift."

3495 - وَ قِيلَ لِلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لِمَ قُلْتُمْ مَوْلَى اَلرَّجُلِ مِنْهُ قَالَ "لِأَنَّهُ خُلِقَ مِنْ طِينِهِ ثُمَّ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَرَدَّهُ اَلسَّبْيُ إِلَيْهِ فَعَطَفَ عَلَيْهِ مَا كَانَ فِيهِ مِنْهُ فَأَعْتَقَهُ فَلِذَلِكَ هُوَ مِنْهُ".

Hadith.3495 - It was said to Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as): "Why do you say that a man's mawla (freed slave) is considered to be from him?" Imam (as) said: "Because he was created from his clay, then they were separated, and captivity brought him back to him. So, he showed compassion for what was in him (the shared origin) and freed him. Therefore, he is considered to be from him."

3496 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُعْتِقُ اَلرَّجُلَ فِي كَفَّارَةِ يَمِينٍ أَوْ ظِهَارٍ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ اَلْوَلاَءُ قَالَ "لِلَّذِي أَعْتَقَ".

Hadith.3496 - It is narrated from Asim ibn Humayd, from Abu Basir, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who frees another man as an expiation for breaking an oath or for zihar (a prohibited declaration regarding one's wife). Imam (as) said: "The wala' (bond of loyalty) belongs to the one who freed him."

3497 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عُبَيْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ "أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ كَانَتْ عِنْدَ زَوْجٍ لَهَا وَ هِيَ مَمْلُوكَةٌ فَاشْتَرَتْهَا عَائِشَةُ فَأَعْتَقَتْهَا فَخَيَّرَهَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ إِنْ شَاءَتْ تَقِرُّ عِنْدَ زَوْجِهَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَتْ فَارَقَتْهُ وَ كَانَ مَوَالِيهَا اَلَّذِينَ بَاعُوهَا قَدِ اِشْتَرَطُوا وَلاَءَهَا عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ "اَلْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ" وَ صُدِّقَ عَلَى بَرِيرَةَ بِلَحْمٍ فَأَهْدَتْهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَعَلَّقَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ وَ قَالَتْ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لاَ يَأْكُلُ اَلصَّدَقَةَ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ اَللَّحْمُ مُعَلَّقٌ فَقَالَ "مَا شَأْنُ هَذَا اَللَّحْمِ لَمْ يُطْبَخْ" قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صُدِّقَ بِهِ عَلَى بَرِيرَةَ وَ أَنْتَ لاَ تَأْكُلُ اَلصَّدَقَةَ فَقَالَ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ "هُوَ لَهَا صَدَقَةٌ وَ لَنَا هَدِيَّةٌ" ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِطَبْخِهِ فَجَرَتْ فِيهَا ثَلاَثٌ مِنَ اَلسُّنَنِ".

Hadith.3497 - It is narrated from Ubaydullah ibn Ali al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), who mentioned: Barirah was married to a husband while she was still a slave. Then Aisha bought her and freed her. The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, gave her the choice: if she wished, she could remain with her husband, and if she wished, she could separate from him. Her former masters, who had sold her, had stipulated that her wala' (right of allegiance) should remain with them. The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "The wala' belongs to the one who grants freedom." Later, meat was given to Barirah as charity, and she gifted it to the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family. Aisha, upon seeing it, commented: "The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) does not consume charity." When the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, arrived and saw the meat hanging, he said: "What is the matter with this meat? Why has it not been cooked?" Aisha replied: "O Messenger of Allah (swt), it was given to Barirah as charity, and you do not eat charity." The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "It is charity for her, but for us, it is a gift." Then He (sw) ordered it to be cooked. Thus, three rulings (sunan) were derived from this case.

3498 - وَ رَوَى صَفْوَانُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنِ اَلْعِيصِ بْنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى عَبْداً وَ لَهُ أَوْلاَدٌ مِنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ فَأَعْتَقَهُ قَالَ "وَلاَءُ أَوْلاَدِهِ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَهُ".

Hadith.3498 - Safwan ibn Yahya narrated from Al-Is ibn Al-Qasim, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who purchased a slave that had children from a free woman, and then the man freed the slave. Imam (as) said: "The wala' (bond of loyalty) of his children belongs to the one who freed him."

3499 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ مَعِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَلْعَزِيزِ فَقَالَ لِي "مَنْ هَذَا" قُلْتُ مَوْلاَنَا فَقَالَ "أَعْتَقْتُمُوهُ أَوْ أَبَاهُ" فَقُلْتُ بَلْ أَبَاهُ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ هَذَا مَوْلاَكَ هَذَا أَخُوكَ وَ اِبْنُ عَمِّكَ وَ إِنَّمَا اَلْمَوْلَى اَلَّذِي جَرَتْ عَلَيْهِ اَلنِّعْمَةُ فَإِذَا جَرَتْ عَلَى أَبِيهِ فَهُوَ أَخُوكَ وَ اِبْنُ عَمِّكَ " قَالَ وَ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ فَقَالَ يَكُونُ لِيَ اَلْغُلاَمُ وَ يَشْرَبُ وَ يَدْخُلُ فِي هَذِهِ اَلْأُمُورِ اَلْمَكْرُوهَةِ فَأُرِيدُ عِتْقَهُ فَأُعْتِقُهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ أَمْ أَبِيعُهُ وَ أَتَصَدَّقُ بِثَمَنِهِ فَقَالَ "إِنَّ اَلْعِتْقَ فِي بَعْضِ اَلزَّمَانِ أَفْضَلُ وَ فِي بَعْضِ اَلزَّمَانِ اَلصَّدَقَةُ أَفْضَلُ اَلْعِتْقُ أَفْضَلُ إِذَا كَانَ اَلنَّاسُ حَسَنَةً حَالُهُمْ وَ إِذَا كَانَ اَلنَّاسُ شَدِيدَةً حَالُهُمْ فَالصَّدَقَةُ أَفْضَلُ وَ بَيْعُ هَذَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ إِذَا كَانَ بِهَذِهِ اَلْحَالِ".

Hadith.3499 - It is narrated from Bakr ibn Muhammad, who said: I entered upon Abu Abdullah (as), along with Ali ibn Abdul-Aziz. Imam (as) asked me: "Who is this?" I said: "Our mawla (freed servant)." Imam (as) said: "Did you free him or his father?" I said: "His father." Imam (as) said: "Then this is not your mawla; this is your brother and your cousin. A mawla is one upon whom the blessing of freedom has directly been granted. But if the blessing was granted to his father, then he is your brother and cousin." Bakr ibn Muhammad continued: A man asked him a question in my presence and said: "I have a slave who drinks and engages in disliked acts, and I wish to free him. Do you prefer that I free him or sell him and give his price in charity?" Imam (as) said: "Freeing a slave is sometimes more virtuous, and at other times charity is more virtuous. Freeing is better when people's conditions are good, but when people's conditions are difficult, charity is better. As for this particular slave, selling him is preferable to me, given his current state."

3500 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ يَمْلِكُ ذَا رَحِمِهِ هَلْ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ أَوْ يَسْتَعْبِدَهُ قَالَ "لاَ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ بَيْعُهُ وَ لاَ يَتَّخِذُهُ عَبْداً وَ هُوَ مَوْلاَهُ وَ أَخُوهُ فِي اَلدِّينِ وَ أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ وَرِثَهُ صَاحِبُهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ وَارِثٌ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْهُ ".

Hadith.3500 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Sama'ah, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who owns a relative (of close kinship). Is it permissible for him to sell or enslave that relative? Imam (as) said: "It is neither permissible for him to sell nor to enslave him. He is his mawla (freed person) and his brother in faith. If either of them dies, the other inherits from him, unless there is a closer heir than him."

3501 - وَ رَوَى حُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "اَلْمُعْتِقَ هُوَ اَلْمَوْلَى وَ اَلْوَلَدُ يَنْتَمِي إِلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ".

Hadith.3501 - Hudhayfah ibn Mansur narrated from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "The one who frees (a slave) is the mawla (master), and the child associates himself with whomever he wishes."

3502 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلرَّبِيعِ قَالَ : سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلسَّائِبَةِ قَالَ "هُوَ اَلرَّجُلُ يُعْتِقُ غُلاَمَهُ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لَهُ اِذْهَبْ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ لَيْسَ لِي مِنْ مِيرَاثِكَ شَيْءٌ وَ لاَ عَلَيَّ مِنْ جَرِيرَتِكَ شَيْءٌ وَ يُشْهِدُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ شَاهِدَيْنِ ".

Hadith.3502 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Khalid ibn Jarir, from Abu al-Rabi', who said: Abu Abdullah (as), was asked about al-sa'ibah (a freed slave who is left without ties). Imam (as) said: "He is a man who frees his slave and then says to him, 'Go wherever you wish. I have no share in your inheritance, nor am I responsible for any liability on your behalf.' He must have two witnesses testify to this declaration."

3503 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ اَلْمَمْلُوكِ يُعْتَقُ سَائِبَةً قَالَ "يَتَوَلَّى مَنْ شَاءَ وَ عَلَى مَنْ يَتَوَلَّى جَرِيرَتُهُ وَ لَهُ مِيرَاثُهُ" قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ سَكَتَ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ وَ لَمْ يَتَوَلَّ أَحَداً قَالَ "يُجْعَلُ مَالُهُ فِي بَيْتِ مَالِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ ".

Hadith.3503 - It is narrated from Shu'ayb, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdullah (as), that he was asked about a slave who is freed as a sa'ibah (without any specific ties). Imam (as) said: "He may choose whomever he wishes to be his guardian. The one he chooses will be responsible for his liabilities and will inherit from him." I asked: "What if he remains silent until he dies and does not appoint anyone as his guardian?" Imam (as) said: "His wealth will be placed in the treasury of the Muslims."

3504 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ أَبِي اَلْأَحْوَصِ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلسَّائِبَةِ قَالَ "اُنْظُرْ فِي اَلْقُرْآنِ فَمَا كَانَ فِيهِ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ فَذَلِكَ يَا عَمَّارُ اَلسَّائِبَةُ اَلَّتِي لاَ وَلاَءَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَيْهِ إِلاَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَمَا كَانَ وَلاَؤُهُ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَهُوَ لِرَسُولِهِ وَ مَا كَانَ لِرَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَإِنَّ وَلاَءَهُ لِلْإِمَامِ وَ جِنَايَتَهُ عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ وَ مِيرَاثَهُ لَهُ".

Hadith.3504 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ammar ibn Abi Al-Ahwas, who said: I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), about al-sa'ibah (a freed slave without specific ties). Imam (as) said: "Look in the Qur'an. Wherever there is mention of the freeing of a slave, that, O Ammar, refers to the sa'ibah, who has no wala' (loyalty) to any Muslim except Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic. So, whoever's wala' belongs to Allah (swt), it belongs to His Messenger. And whatever belongs to His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, its wala' belongs to the Imam. His liabilities (for crimes or debts) are upon the Imam, and his inheritance belongs to the Imam."

3505 - وَ رَوَى يَاسِينُ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مَمْلُوكٍ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ نَفْسَهُ فَدَسَّ إِنْسَاناً هَلْ لِلْمَدْسُوسِ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهُ كُلَّهُ مِنْ مَالِ اَلْعَبْدِ وَ لاَ يُخْبِرَ اَلسَّيِّدَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَشْتَرِيهِ مِنْ مَالِ اَلْعَبْدِ قَالَ "لاَ يَنْبَغِي وَ إِنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَحِلَّ ذَلِكَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَتَّى يَكُونَ وَلاَؤُهُ لَهُ فَلْيَزِدْ هُوَ مَا يَشَاءُ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَكُونَ زِيَادَةٌ مِنْ مَالِهِ فِي ثَمَنِ اَلْعَبْدِ يَسْتَحِلُّ بِهِ اَلْوَلاَءَ فَيَكُونُ وَلاَءُ اَلْعَبْدِ لَهُ".

Hadith.3505 - Yasin narrated from Hariz, from Sulayman ibn Khalid, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: I asked him about a slave who wants to purchase his freedom and secretly arranges for someone else to buy him. Is it permissible for the person acting on behalf of the slave to buy him entirely with the slave's own money and not inform the master that the purchase is being made with the slave's money? Imam (as) said: "It is not proper. However, if the slave wants to make it permissible between himself and Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, so that the wala' (bond of loyalty) belongs to him, then let him add any amount he wishes (as an extra payment) from his own money toward the purchase price. By doing so, he makes the wala' lawful, and the wala' of the slave becomes his."

3506 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ اَلْعِجْلِيِّ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ فَمَاتَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً فَانْطَلَقَ اِبْنُهُ فَابْتَاعَ رَجُلاً مِنْ كَسْبِهِ فَأَعْتَقَهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ إِنَّ اَلْمُعْتَقَ أَصَابَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَالاً ثُمَّ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَهُ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ مِيرَاثُهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَتِ اَلرَّقَبَةُ اَلَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَى أَبِيهِ فِي نَذْرٍ أَوْ شُكْرٍ أَوْ كَانَتْ وَاجِبَةً عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ اَلْمُعْتَقَ سَائِبَةٌ لاَ سَبِيلَ لِأَحَدٍ عَلَيْهِ " قَالَ "فَإِنْ كَانَ تَوَلَّى قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ إِلَى أَحَدٍ مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَضَمِنَ جِنَايَتَهُ وَ جَرِيرَتَهُ كَانَ مَوْلاَهُ وَ وَارِثَهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ قَرِيبٌ مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ يَرِثُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ تَوَالَى إِلَى أَحَدٍ حَتَّى مَاتَ فَإِنَّ مِيرَاثَهُ لِلْإِمَامِ إِمَامِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ قَرِيبٌ يَرِثُهُ مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ " قَالَ "وَ إِنْ كَانَتِ اَلرَّقَبَةُ اَلَّتِي عَلَى أَبِيهِ تَطَوُّعاً وَ قَدْ كَانَ أَبُوهُ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُعْتِقُ عَنْهُ نَسَمَةً فَإِنَّ وَلاَءَ اَلْمُعْتَقِ هُوَ مِيرَاثٌ لِجَمِيعِ وُلْدِ اَلْمَيِّتِ " قَالَ "وَ يَكُونُ اَلَّذِي اِشْتَرَاهُ فَأَعْتَقَهُ بِأَمْرِ أَبِيهِ كَوَاحِدٍ مِنَ اَلْوَرَثَةِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمُعْتَقِ قَرَابَةٌ مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَحْرَارٌ يَرِثُونَهُ" قَالَ "وَ إِنْ كَانَ اِبْنُهُ اَلَّذِي اِشْتَرَى اَلرَّقَبَةَ فَأَعْتَقَهَا عَنْ أَبِيهِ مِنْ مَالِهِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ أَبِيهِ تَطَوُّعاً مِنْهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبُوهُ أَمَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ وَلاَءَهُ وَ مِيرَاثَهُ لِلَّذِي اِشْتَرَاهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَأَعْتَقَهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمُعْتَقِ وَارِثٌ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ".

Hadith.3506 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Ayyub, from Burayd al-Ijli, who said: I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), about a man who was obligated to free a slave but died before doing so. His son then purchased a slave with his own wealth and freed him on behalf of his father. Later, the freed slave acquired wealth and passed away, leaving an inheritance. I asked: "Who inherits from him?" Imam (as) replied: "If the obligation to free the slave was due to a vow, gratitude, or was otherwise obligatory upon his father, then the freed slave is a sa'ibah (freed without claim of ownership), and no one has any claim over him." Imam (as) continued: "However, if the freed slave had allied himself (by appointing a guardian) to one of the Muslims before dying, and that guardian accepted responsibility for his offenses and liabilities, then the guardian becomes his master and inherits from him-if the freed slave has no Muslim relatives to inherit from him." "If the freed slave did not appoint a guardian before dying, then his inheritance goes to the Imam of the Muslims-provided he has no Muslim relatives to inherit from him." Imam (as) further said: "If the obligation to free the slave was voluntary, and the father had instructed his son to free a slave on his behalf, then the wala' (bond of loyalty) of the freed slave and his inheritance belong to all the children of the deceased." "In this case, the son who purchased and freed the slave based on his father's instructions is counted as one of the heirs-unless the freed slave has free Muslim relatives who can inherit from him." Imam (as) added: "If the son purchased and freed the slave after his father's death voluntarily, without any instruction from his father, then the wala' and inheritance of the freed slave belong to the son who freed him-provided the freed slave has no inheriting relatives from among his kin."