Chapter on the Types of Hajj

Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh|Volume 2|Book 3|Chapter 47

Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

Volume 2, Book 3, Chapter 47

Chapter on the Types of Hajj
11 hadiths · 2 commentaries
Hadith 1

رَوَى مَنْصُورٌ اَلصَّيْقَلُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «اَلْحَاجُّ عِنْدَنَا عَلَى ثَلاَثَةِ أَوْجُهٍ حَاجٌّ مُتَمَتِّعٌ وَ حَاجٌّ مُفْرِدٌ لِلْحَجِّ وَ سَائِقٌ لِلْهَدْيِ وَ اَلسَّائِقُ هُوَ اَلْقَارِنُ ».

Mansur al-Sayqal narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s) that he said: "The pilgrim falls into three categories with us: one performing tamattu‘ (combining ‘umrah and Hajj with a break in between), one performing ifrad (Hajj alone), and one driving the sacrificial animal (sā'iq al-hady), which is qirān (combining ‘umrah and Hajj without a break)."

Commentary 1

ولا يجوز لأهل مكة ولا حاضريها التمتع بالعمرة إلى الحج، وليس لهم إلا القران أو الافراد لقول الله عز وجل: " فمن تمتع بالعمرة إلى الحج فما استيسر من الهدي " ثم قال بعد ذلك: " ذلك لمن يكن أهله حاضري المسجد الحرام " وحد حاضري المسجد الحرام أهل مكة وحواليها على ثمانية وأربعين ميلا، ومن كان خارجا من هذا الحد فلا يحج إلا متمتعا بالعمرة إلى الحج ولا يقبل الله غيره.

It is not permissible for the residents of Mecca or its surrounding areas to perform tamattu‘ between ‘umrah and Hajj. They are limited to qirān or ifrad, as Allah (swt) the Almighty states: “So whoever performs ‘umrah in the months of Hajj before performing Hajj shall offer what is easy of sacrifice.” He then clarifies: “This is for those whose families are not present at the Sacred Mosque.” The boundary for hādir al-masjid al-haram (residents of the Sacred Mosque) is defined as Mecca and its surroundings within 48 miles. Those residing outside this boundary must perform Hajj tamattu‘ (with ‘umrah preceding Hajj), as Allah (swt) accepts only this type of Hajj from them.

Hadith 2

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ وَ بِالصَّفَا وَ اَلْمَرْوَةِ أَحَلَّ إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَوْ كَرِهَ إِلاَّ مَنِ اِعْتَمَرَ فِي عَامِهِ ذَلِكَ أَوْ سَاقَ اَلْهَدْيَ وَ أَشْعَرَهُ وَ قَلَّدَهُ ».

Ibn Bukayr narrated from Zurara, who said: I heard Abu Ja‘far (a.s) say: "Whoever performs tawaf around the Ka‘bah and between Safa and Marwah becomes permitted (to exit the state of ihram) if they wish, whether willingly or unwillingly, except for the one who has performed ‘umrah in that same year or has driven the sacrificial animal (hady) and marked it (ash‘arah) and placed a garland (qalladah) on it."

Hadith 3

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ هُوَ خَلْفَ اَلْمَقَامِ فَقَالَ إِنِّي قَرَنْتُ بَيْنَ حِجَّةٍ وَ عُمْرَةٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ «هَلْ طُفْتَ بِالْبَيْتِ » فَقَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ «هَلْ سُقْتَ اَلْهَدْيَ» قَالَ لاَ فَأَخَذَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِشَعْرِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ «أَحْلَلْتَ وَ اَللَّهِ ».

Ibn Udhaynah narrated from Zurara, who said: A man came to Abu Ja‘far (a.s) while he was behind the Maqam (station of Ibrahim) and said: "I have combined (qaran) Hajj and ‘Umrah." Abu Ja‘far (a.s) asked him: "Have you performed tawaf around the House?" The man replied: "Yes." Imam (a.s) then asked: "Have you driven the hady (sacrificial animal)?" The man replied: "No." At this, Abu Ja‘far (a.s) grabbed the man’s hair and said: "You have exited the state of ihram, by Allah (swt)."

Hadith 4

وَ رَوَى أَبُو أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ يَقْرِنُ وَ يَسُوقُ فَأَدَعُهُ عُقُوبَةً بِمَا صَنَعَ.

Abu Ayyub narrated from Abu ‘Abdullah (a.s), who said: "Indeed, one of them combines (qarana) and drives (hady), and so I leave him as a consequence (punishment) for what he has done."

Hadith 5

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلرَّجُلُ يُحْرِمُ بِحَجَّةٍ وَ عُمْرَةٍ وَ يُنْشِئُ اَلْعُمْرَةَ أَيَتَمَتَّعُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ».

Ya'qub ibn Shu'ayb narrated: I said to Abu ‘Abdullah (a.s), "If a man assumes Ihram for both Hajj and ‘Umrah and begins with the ‘Umrah, does he perform Tamattu‘?" Imam (a.s) said: "Yes."

Hadith 6

وَ رَوَى إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ يُفْرِدُ اَلْحَجَّ فَيَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ وَ يَسْعَى بَيْنَ اَلصَّفَا وَ اَلْمَرْوَةِ ثُمَّ يَبْدُو لَهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهَا عُمْرَةً فَقَالَ «إِنْ كَانَ لَبَّى بَعْدَ مَا سَعَى قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقَصِّرَ فَلاَ مُتْعَةَ لَهُ».

Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar narrated from Abu Basir: I said to Abu ‘Abdullah (a.s), "A man intends to perform Ifrad Hajj (individual Hajj), performs Tawaf around the Ka‘bah, and walks between Safa and Marwah. Then, he decides to turn it into ‘Umrah. What should he do?" Imam (a.s) replied: "If he pronounced Talbiyah (the devotional call) after completing the Sa‘i and before trimming his hair, then he cannot perform Tamattu‘."

Hadith 7

وَ كَتَبَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُيَسِّرٍ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ اَلثَّانِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِعْتَمَرَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ حَضَرَ اَلْمَوْسِمَ أَ يَحُجُّ مُفْرِداً لِلْحَجِّ أَوْ يَتَمَتَّعُ أَيُّهُمَا أَفْضَلُ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «إِلَيْهِ يَتَمَتَّعُ.

Ali ibn Muyassir wrote to Abu Ja'far al-Thani, Imam Muhammad al-Jawad (a.s), asking about a man who performed ‘Umrah in the Month of Ramadan and then attended the Hajj season. Should he perform Ifrad Hajj (individual Hajj) or Tamattu‘ (combining ‘Umrah and Hajj)? Which is better? Abu Ja‘far al-Thani (a.s) wrote back: "He should perform Tamattu‘."

Hadith 8

وَ رَوَى حَفْصُ بْنُ اَلْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «اَلْمُتْعَةُ وَ اَللَّهِ أَفْضَلُ وَ بِهَا نَزَلَ اَلْقُرْآنُ وَ جَرَتِ اَلسُّنَّةُ إِلَى يَوْمِ اَلْقِيَامَةِ ».

Hafs ibn al-Bakhtari narrated from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s) that he said: "By Allah (swt), Tamattu‘ is better, and it is through it that the Qur’an was revealed, and the Sunnah continues with it until the Day of Resurrection."

Hadith 9

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَلَبِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ اِبْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: «دَخَلَتِ اَلْعُمْرَةُ فِي اَلْحَجِّ إِلَى يَوْمِ اَلْقِيَامَةِ ».

Al-Halabi narrated from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s) that he said: Ibn Abbas said: "Umrah has entered into Hajj until the Day of Resurrection."

Hadith 10

وَ سَأَلَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ اَلْخَزَّازُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَيُّ أَنْوَاعِ اَلْحَجِّ أَفْضَلُ فَقَالَ «اَلْمُتْعَةُ وَ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ شَيْءٌ أَفْضَلَ مِنْهَا وَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ يَقُولُ «لَوِ اِسْتَقْبَلْتُ مِنْ أَمْرِي مَا اِسْتَدْبَرْتُ لَفَعَلْتُ كَمَا فَعَلَ اَلنَّاسُ.

Abu Ayyub Ibrahim bin Uthman Al-Khazzaz asked Abu Abdullah (a.s): "Which type of Hajj is the best?" He replied: "Tamattu'. And how can anything be better than it when the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said, 'If I had known beforehand what I came to know later, I would have done as the people have done.'"

Commentary 2

والمتمتع هو الذي يحج في أشهر الحج ويقطع التلبية إذا نظر إلى بيوت مكة فإذا دخل مكة طاف بالبيت سبعا وصلى ركعتين عند مقام إبراهيم عليه السلام وسعى بين الصفا والمروة سبعا وقصر وأحل فهذه عمرة يتمتع بها من الثياب والجماع والطيب وكل شئ يحرم على المحرم إلا الصيد لأنه حرام على المحل في الحرم وعلى المحرم في الحل والحرم، ويتمتع بما سوى ذلك إلى الحج. والحج ما يكون بعد يوم التروية من عقد الاحرام الثاني بالحج المفرد، والخروج إلى منى ومنها إلى عرفات، وقطع التلبية عند زوال الشمس يوم عرفة والجمع فيها بين الظهر والعصر بأذان واحد وإقامتين، والوقوف بها إلى غروب الشمس، والإفاضة إلى المشعر الحرام والجمع بين المغرب والعشاء بها بأذان واحد وإقامتين، والبيتوتة بها والوقوف بها بعد الصبح إلى تطلع الشمس على جبل ثبير والرجوع إلى منى، والذبح والحلق والرمي ودخول مسجد الحصباء والاستلقاء فيه على القفا، وزيارة البيت وطواف الحج وهو طواف الزيارة، وطواف النساء فهذه صفة المتمتع بالعمرة إلى الحج. والمتمتع عليه ثلاثة أطواف بالبيت: طواف للعمرة، وطواف للحج، وطواف للنساء وسعيان بين الصفا والمروة كما ذكرناه. وعلى القارن والمفرد طوافان بالبيت وسعيان بين الصفا والمروة ولا يحلان بعد العمرة، يمضيان على إحرامهما الأول، ولا يقطعان التلبية إذا نظرا إلى بيوت مكة كما يفعل المتمتع بالعمرة ولكنهما يقطعان التلبية يوم عرفة عند زوال الشمس. والقارن والمفرد صفتهما واحدة إلا أن القارن يفضل على المفرد بسياق الهدي.

The Mutamatti' (the one performing Hajj al-Tamattu') is someone who performs Hajj during the months of Hajj and ceases the Talbiyah when he sees the houses of Makkah. Upon entering Makkah, he circumambulates the Ka'bah seven times, prays two units of prayer at the station of Ibrahim (a.s), performs the Sa'i between Safa and Marwah seven times, trims his hair, and comes out of the state of Ihram. In this manner, he enjoys the relaxation of wearing regular clothes, engaging in intimacy, using fragrance, and everything else that is prohibited for a Muhrim, except hunting, as it is prohibited both for those in the state of Ihram and those out of it in the sacred precincts. He continues to enjoy these allowances until the time of Hajj. Hajj begins after the Day of Tarwiyah (the 8th of Dhul-Hijjah), with the second Ihram for the Hajj al-Mufrad. This is followed by proceeding to Mina, then to Arafat, ceasing the Talbiyah at noon on the Day of Arafah. At Arafat, the Zuhr and Asr prayers are combined with one Adhan and two Iqamahs, and one remains there until sunset. Then, one departs for Muzdalifah (al-Mash'ar al-Haram), where Maghrib and Isha are combined with one Adhan and two Iqamahs. One stays there overnight and remains until dawn, standing there until the sun rises over Mount Thabir. Then, one returns to Mina, performs the slaughtering, shaving, and stoning of the Jamarat. Afterward, one enters Masjid al-Haram, reclines on his back at the designated place, and then visits the Ka'bah for the Tawaf of Hajj (Tawaf al-Ziyarah) and the Tawaf of Women (Tawaf al-Nisa'). This is the procedure for someone performing Hajj al-Tamattu', transitioning from Umrah to Hajj. The Mutamatti' is required to perform three circumambulations of the Ka'bah: one Tawaf for Umrah, one Tawaf for Hajj, and one Tawaf for Women. Additionally, he must perform two Sa'is between Safa and Marwah, as previously mentioned. For the Qarin (one performing Hajj al-Qiran) and the Mufrid (one performing Hajj al-Ifrad), there are two Tawafs of the Ka'bah and two Sa'is between Safa and Marwah. They do not come out of the state of Ihram after performing Umrah; instead, they remain in their initial Ihram and do not cease the Talbiyah upon seeing the houses of Makkah as the Mutamatti' does. However, they cease the Talbiyah on the Day of Arafah at noon. The Qarin and the Mufrid have the same procedure, except that the Qarin has the distinction of bringing the sacrificial animal with him, which gives him superiority over the Mufrid.

Hadith 11

وَ رَوَى دُرُسْتُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْفَضْلِ اَلْهَاشِمِيِّ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ مَعَ إِخْوَانِي عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقُلْنَا لَهُ إِنَّا نُرِيدُ اَلْحَجَّ وَ بَعْضُنَا صَرُورَةٌ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «عَلَيْكُمْ بِالتَّمَتُّعِ فَإِنَّا لاَ نَتَّقِي أَحَداً فِي اَلتَّمَتُّعِ «بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى اَلْحَجِّ» وَ اِجْتِنَابِ اَلْمُسْكِرِ وَ اَلْمَسْحِ عَلَى اَلْخُفَّيْنِ».

Durust narrated from Muhammad bin al-Fadl al-Hashimi, who said: "I entered with my brothers upon Abu Abdullah (a.s) and said to him, 'We intend to perform Hajj, and some of us are performing it for the first time (ṣarūrah).' Imam (a.s) said: 'You must perform Tamattu', for we do not fear anyone regarding Tamattu' [with Umrah joined to Hajj], and [you must also adhere to] avoiding intoxicants and the wiping over leather socks.'"