Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

وإذا ولدت المرأة قعدت عن الصلاة عشرة أيام إلا أن تطهر قبل ذلك فان استمر بها الدم تركت الصلاة ما بينها وبين ثمانية عشر يوما، لان أسماء بنت عميس نفست بمحمد بن أبي بكر في حجة الوداع فأمرها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله أن تقعد ثمانية عشر يوما.

If a woman gives birth, She should refrain from prayer for ten days, unless She becomes pure (stops bleeding) before that. If the bleeding continues, She should refrain from prayer for up to eighteen days, because Asma bint Umays experienced postnatal bleeding (nifas) with Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr during the Farewell Pilgrimage, and the Messenger of Allah (sw) instructed her to refrain for eighteen days.

199 - وَ سُئِلَ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً فَمَكَثَتْ عِنْدَهُ أَشْهُراً لَمْ تَطْمَثْ وَ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ كِبَرٍ وَ ذَكَرَ اَلنِّسَاءُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِهَا حَبَلٌ هَلْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ تُنْكَحَ فِي اَلْفَرْجِ فَقَالَ «إِنَّ اَلطَّمْثَ قَدْ تَحْبِسُهُ اَلرِّيحُ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَبَلٍ فَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا فِي اَلْفَرْجِ.

Hadith.199 - Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) was asked about a man who purchased a female slave who stayed with him for months without menstruating, and this was not due to age, and it was mentioned by women that She was not pregnant. He asked whether it was permissible to have intercourse with her in this state. Imam (as) said: "The lack of menstruation may sometimes be caused by a blockage of wind, not necessarily due to pregnancy. Therefore, there is no problem in engaging with her in that way."

192 - قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «أَوَّلُ دَمٍ وَقَعَ عَلَى وَجْهِ اَلْأَرْضِ دَمُ حَوَّاءَ حِينَ حَاضَتْ.

Hadith.192 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: 'The first blood that fell upon the face of the earth was the blood of Hawwa (Eve) when She menstruated.'

193 - وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ اَلْبَاقِرُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ اَلْحَيْضَ لِلنِّسَاءِ نَجَاسَةٌ رَمَاهُنَّ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهَا وَ قَدْ كُنَّ اَلنِّسَاءُ فِي زَمَنِ نُوحٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنَّمَا تَحِيضُ اَلْمَرْأَةُ فِي اَلسَّنَةِ حَيْضَةً حَتَّى خَرَجَ نِسْوَةٌ مِنْ مَجَانِّهِنَّ وَ كُنَّ سَبْعَمِائَةِ اِمْرَأَةٍ فَانْطَلَقْنَ فَلَبِسْنَ اَلْمُعَصْفَرَاتِ مِنَ اَلثِّيَابِ وَ تَحَلَّيْنَ وَ تَعَطَّرْنَ ثُمَّ خَرَجْنَ فَتَفَرَّقْنَ فِي اَلْبِلاَدِ فَجَلَسْنَ مَعَ اَلرِّجَالِ وَ شَهِدْنَ اَلْأَعْيَادَ مَعَهُمْ وَ جَلَسْنَ فِي صُفُوفِهِمْ فَرَمَاهُنَّ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِالْحَيْضِ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ يَعْنِي أُولَئِكَ اَلنِّسْوَةَ بِأَعْيَانِهِنَّ فَسَالَتْ دِمَاؤُهُنَّ فَأُخْرِجْنَ مِنْ بَيْنِ اَلرِّجَالِ فَكُنَّ يَحِضْنَ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ حَيْضَةً فَشَغَلَهُنَّ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالْحَيْضِ وَ كَسَرَ شَهْوَتَهُنَّ» قَالَ «وَ كَانَ غَيْرُهُنَّ مِنَ اَلنِّسَاءِ اَللَّوَاتِي لَمْ يَفْعَلْنَ مِثْلَ مَا فَعَلْنَ يَحِضْنَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ حَيْضَةً» قَالَ «فَتَزَوَّجَ بَنُو اَللاَّئِي يَحِضْنَ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ بَنَاتِ اَللاَّئِي يَحِضْنَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ حَيْضَةً فَامْتَزَجَ اَلْقَوْمُ فَحِضْنَ بَنَاتُ هَؤُلاَءِ وَ هَؤُلاَءِ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ حَيْضَةً فَكَثُرَ أَوْلاَدُ اَللاَّئِي يَحِضْنَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ [شَهْرٍ] حَيْضَةً لاِسْتِقَامَةِ اَلْحَيْضِ وَ قَلَّ أَوْلاَدُ اَللاَّئِي يَحِضْنَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ حَيْضَةً لِفَسَادِ اَلدَّمِ» قَالَ «فَكَثُرَ نَسْلُ هَؤُلاَءِ وَ قَلَّ نَسْلُ أُولَئِكَ.

Hadith.193 - Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: 'Menstruation is a form of impurity that Allah (swt), the Exalted, has afflicted women with. In the time of Noah (as), women would menstruate only once a year until a group of seven hundred women went out of their homes, wore brightly colored garments, adorned themselves with jewelry, and used perfume. They then spread out among the lands, sat with men, attended festivals, and sat in their gatherings. Allah (swt), the Exalted, then afflicted these women with monthly menstruation due to this behavior, so their blood began to flow, and they were separated from men. Thus, they would menstruate every month, and Allah (swt) kept them occupied with menstruation and reduced their desires.' Imam (as) said: 'Other women who did not engage in such behavior would only menstruate once a year.' Imam (as) continued, 'The descendants of those who menstruated every month married the daughters of those who menstruated once a year, and their offspring intermingled. Consequently, their daughters menstruated monthly, leading to an increase in the children of those who menstruated monthly due to regular menstruation, while the children of those who menstruated yearly were fewer due to the corruption of their blood.' Imam (as) concluded, 'Thus, the offspring of those who menstruated monthly increased, while the offspring of those who menstruated yearly decreased.'

194 - وَقَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «إِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ صَلَوَاتُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا لَيْسَتْ كَأَحَدٍ مِنْكُنَّ إِنَّهَا لاَ تَرَى دَماً فِي حَيْضٍ وَ لاَ نِفَاسٍ كَالْحُورِيَّةِ.

Hadith.194 - The Prophet (sw) said: ‘Indeed, Sayyida Fatimah Al-Zahra {S.A} is not like any of you; She does not experience menstrual blood or postnatal bleeding, like the heavenly maidens.'

195 - وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: «۝ لَهُمْ فِيهٰا أَزْوٰاجٌ مُطَهَّرَةٌ ۝» قَالَ «اَلْأَزْوَاجُ اَلْمُطَهَّرَةُ اَللاَّئِي لَمْ يَحِضْنَ وَ لاَ يُحْدِثْنَ.

Hadith.195 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about the saying of Allah (swt), the Exalted: 'They will have therein purified spouses.' [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:25] Imam (as) said: 'The purified spouses are those who do not menstruate and do not experience postnatal bleeding.'

196 - وَ رُوِيَ: «فِي اَلْمَرْأَةِ تَرَى اَلصُّفْرَةَ أَنَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ اَلْحَيْضِ بِيَوْمَيْنِ فَهُوَ مِنَ اَلْحَيْضِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ بَعْدَ اَلْحَيْضِ بِيَوْمَيْنِ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اَلْحَيْضِ.

Hadith.196 – Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) narrates that: It is narrated regarding a woman who sees yellowish discharge: 'If this occurs two days before her menstrual period, it is considered part of her menstruation; if it occurs two days after her menstrual period, it is not considered part of her menstruation.'.

197 - وَ سَأَلَ سَلْمَانُ اَلْفَارِسِيُّ رَحْمَةُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ، أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ رِزْقِ اَلْوَلَدِ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ فَقَالَ «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى حَبَسَ عَلَيْهِ اَلْحَيْضَةَ فَجَعَلَهَا رِزْقَهُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ.

Hadith.197 – Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) narrates: Salman al-Farsi (may Allah (swt) have mercy on him) asked Amir al-Mu'minin (as) about the sustenance of the child in its mother's womb. Imam (as) said: 'Indeed, Allah (swt), Blessed and Exalted, has reserved the menstrual period for it and made it its sustenance in its mother's womb.'

198 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلْمَرْأَةُ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ خَمْسِينَ سَنَةً لَمْ تَرَ حُمْرَةً إِلاَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ اِمْرَأَةً مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ.

Hadith.198 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: 'When a woman reaches the age of fifty, She does not see menstruation except if She is a woman from Quraysh.'

200 - وَ رُوِيَ: «أَنَّهُ إِذَا جَامَعَهَا وَ هِيَ حَائِضٌ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى مِسْكِينٍ بِقَدْرِ شِبَعِهِ.

Hadith.200 - It is reported (from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) ) narrated: 'If a man has intercourse with a woman while She is menstruating, he should give charity to a needy person in an amount sufficient to satisfy their hunger.'.

201 - وَقَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «مَنْ جَامَعَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ وَ هِيَ حَائِضٌ فَخَرَجَ اَلْوَلَدُ مَجْذُوماً أَوْ أَبْرَصَ فَلاَ يَلُومَنَّ إِلاَّ نَفْسَهُ.

Hadith.201 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) said: 'Whoever has intercourse with his wife while She is menstruating, and if the child born from that union is afflicted with leprosy or vitiligo, he should blame only himself.'

202 - وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْمُشَوَّهِينَ فِي خَلْقِهِمْ فَقَالَ «هُمُ اَلَّذِينَ يَأْتِي آبَاؤُهُمْ نِسَاءَهُمْ فِي اَلطَّمْثِ.

Hadith.202 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about those who are deformed in their creation. Imam (as) said: 'They are those whose fathers engaged in intercourse with their wives during menstruation.'

203 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لاَ يُبْغِضُنَا إِلاَّ مَنْ خَبُثَتْ وِلاَدَتُهُ أَوْ حَمَلَتْ بِهِ أُمُّهُ فِي حَيْضِهَا.

Hadith.203 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: 'No one harbors hatred toward us except one whose birth was impure or whose mother conceived him while She was menstruating.'

204 - وَ سَأَلَ عُبَيْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ اَلْحَلَبِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْحَائِضِ مَا يَحِلُّ لِزَوْجِهَا مِنْهَا قَالَ «تَتَّزِرُ بِإِزَارٍ إِلَى اَلرُّكْبَتَيْنِ وَ تُخْرِجُ سُرَّتَهَا ثُمَّ لَهُ مَا فَوْقَ اَلْإِزَارِ.

Hadith.204 - Ubaidullah ibn Ali Al-Halabi asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about what is permissible for a husband with regard to his menstruating wife. Imam (as) said: 'She should cover herself with a cloth (izar) from her navel to her knees, and he may have what is above the izar.'.

205 - وَ ذَكَرَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّ مَيْمُونَةَ كَانَتْ تَقُولُ: إِنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ كَانَ يَأْمُرُنِي إِذَا كُنْتُ حَائِضاً أَنْ أَتَّزِرَ بِثَوْبٍ ثُمَّ أَضْطَجِعَ مَعَهُ فِي اَلْفِرَاشِ.

Hadith.205 - It was reported from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), that Maymunah used to say: ‘The Prophet would instruct me, when I was menstruating, to wrap myself with a cloth (izar) and then lie down with him in bed.'

206 - قَالَ: «وَ كُنَّ نِسَاءُ اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لاَ يَقْضِينَ اَلصَّلاَةَ إِذَا حِضْنَ وَ لَكِنْ يَتَحَشَّيْنَ حِينَ يَدْخُلُ وَقْتُ اَلصَّلاَةِ وَ يَتَوَضَّيْنَ ثُمَّ يَجْلِسْنَ قَرِيباً مِنَ اَلْمَسْجِدِ فَيَذْكُرْنَ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.

Hadith.206 – (From Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as)), He said: 'The wives of the Prophet did not make up the prayers when they were menstruating. However, when the time for prayer entered, they would use cotton (for cleanliness), perform wudu (ablution), and then sit near the mosque to remember Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic.'

207 - وَقَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «فِي اِمْرَأَةٍ اِدَّعَتْ أَنَّهَا حَاضَتْ فِي شَهْرٍ وَاحِدٍ ثَلاَثَ حِيَضٍ إِنَّهُ تُسْأَلُ نِسْوَةٌ مِنْ بِطَانَتِهَا هَلْ كَانَ حَيْضُهَا فِيمَا مَضَى عَلَى مَا اِدَّعَتْ فَإِنْ شَهِدْنَ صُدِّقَتْ وَ إِلاَّ فَهِيَ كَاذِبَةٌ.

Hadith.207 - The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said regarding a woman who claimed to have experienced three menstrual cycles in one month: 'Women from her close circle (those familiar with her cycle) should be asked whether her previous menstruation followed the pattern She claims. If they testify in her favour, She is to be believed; otherwise, She is considered lying.'

208 - وَ سَأَلَ عَمَّارُ بْنُ مُوسَى اَلسَّابَاطِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْحَائِضِ تَغْتَسِلُ وَ عَلَى جَسَدِهَا اَلزَّعْفَرَانُ لَمْ يَذْهَبْ بِهِ اَلْمَاءُ قَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ» وَ عَنِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ تَغْتَسِلُ وَ قَدِ اِمْتَشَطَتْ بِقَرَامِلَ وَ لَمْ تَنْقُضْ شَعْرَهَا كَمْ يُجْزِيهَا مِنَ اَلْمَاءِ قَالَ «مِثْلُ اَلَّذِي يَشْرَبُ شَعْرُهَا وَ هُوَ ثَلاَثُ حَفَنَاتٍ عَلَى رَأْسِهَا وَ حَفْنَتَانِ عَلَى اَلْيَمِينِ وَ حَفْنَتَانِ عَلَى اَلْيَسَارِ ثُمَّ تُمِرُّ يَدَهَا عَلَى جَسَدِهَا كُلِّهِ.

Hadith.208 - Ammar ibn Musa al-Sabati asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about a menstruating woman who performs ghusl (ritual bathing) while saffron remains on her body and is not removed by the water. Imam (as) said: 'There is no harm in it.' He also asked about a woman who performs ghusl and has braided hair but does not undo it; how much water suffices for her? Imam (as) said: 'The amount that is absorbed by her hair, which is three handfuls over her head, two handfuls on the right side, and two handfuls on the left side, after which She should run her hands over her entire body.'

209 - وَ كَانَ بَعْضُ نِسَاءِ اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ تُرَجِّلُ شَعْرَهَا وَ تَغْسِلُ رَأْسَهَا وَ هِيَ حَائِضٌ.

Hadith.209 - Some of the wives of the Prophet (sw) used to comb their hair and wash their heads while they were menstruating.

210 - وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ: «أَنَّهُ صَارَ حَدُّ قُعُودِ اَلنُّفَسَاءِ عَنِ اَلصَّلاَةِ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً لِأَنَّ أَقَلَّ اَلْحَيْضِ ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَ أَكْثَرَهُ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَأَوْسَطُهُ خَمْسَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَجَعَلَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِلنُّفَسَاءِ أَيَّامَ أَقَلِّ اَلْحَيْضِ وَ أَوْسَطِهِ وَ أَكْثَرِهِ».

Hadith.210 - It has been narrated: 'The limit for the postnatal period of refraining from prayer has been set at eighteen days because the minimum duration of menstruation is three days, the maximum is ten days, and the average is five days. Thus, Allah (swt), the Exalted, has designated the days of postnatal bleeding (nifas) to correspond with the minimum, average, and maximum days of menstruation.'

211 - وَ رَوَى عَمَّارُ بْنُ مُوسَى اَلسَّابَاطِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ أَصَابَهَا اَلطَّلْقُ اَلْيَوْمَ وَ اَلْيَوْمَيْنِ وَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ تَرَى صُفْرَةً أَوْ دَماً كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ بِالصَّلاَةِ قَالَ «تُصَلِّي مَا لَمْ تَلِدْ فَإِنْ غَلَبَهَا اَلْوَجَعُ صَلَّتْ إِذَا بَرَأَتْ.

Hadith.211 - Ammar ibn Musa al-Sabati narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) that He said: I asked him about a woman who experiences labor pains for one or two days or more and sees yellowish discharge or blood. What should She do regarding prayer? Imam (as) said: 'She should pray as long as She has not given birth. If the pain overwhelms her, She should pray when She recovers.'.