Foreword

Reward for the Monotheists and Gnostics

Divine Unity and‬‬ Negation of Anthropomorphism

The Definition of One, Divine Unity, and the Believer in Divine Unity

The Commentary of Chapter 112 the Unity [al-Tawhid]

The Meaning of Divine Unity and Divine Justice

The Mighty and High is Devoid of both Body and Image

The Blessed and Exalted is a Thing

What is Related Regarding the Vision

Omnipotence

Knowledge

Attributes of Essence and Attributes of Actions

The Commentary of verse 88 of Chapter 28 the Narrative [al-Qasas] Everything is perishable but He.

The Commentary of Verse 75 of Chapter 38 Sad O Iblis! What prevented you that you should do obeisance to him whom I created with My Two Hands?

The Commentary of Verse 42 of Chapter 68 Qalam - On the Day when there shall be a severe affliction, and they shall be called upon to make obeisance

The Commentary of Verse 35 of Chapter 24 the Light [al-Nur]

The Commentary of Verse 67 of Chapter 9 the Repentance [al-Tawbah] They have forsaken Allah, so He has forsaken them.

The Commentary of Verse 67 of Chapter 39 the Companies [al-Zumar] And the whole Earth shall be in His Grip on the Day of Resurrection and the Heavens rolled up in his Right Hand.

The Commentary of Verse 15 of Chapter 83 the Defrauders [al-Mutaffifin] Nay! Most surely they shall on that day be debarred from their Lord.

The Commentary of Verse 22 of Chapter 89 the Daybreak [al-Fajr] And your Lord comes and (also) the angels in ranks.

The Commentary of Verse 210 of Chapter 2 the Cow [al-Baqarah] They do not wait aught but that Allah should come to them in the shadow of clouds along with the angels.

Meaning of Scoffing, Mockery, Planning and Deception of Allah

The Meaning of Allah’s Side

The Meaning of the Waistband

Meaning of the Eye, the Ear, and the Tongue of Allah

The Meaning of Allah’s Hand is Tied Up

The Meaning of His Pleasure and His Anger

The Meaning of Allah’s Breathing of Spirit And I breathed into him of My Sprit.

Negation of Space, Time, Stillness, Motion, Descending, Ascending, and Transference from Allah

The Names of Allah, the Exalted,‬‬ and the Difference between their Meanings and the Meaning of the‬‬ Names of Creation

What is the Qur’an?

The Meaning of “In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful”

The Explanation of‬‬ the Letters of the Alphabet.

The Explanation of the Letters of the Alphabet According to Their Numerical Value

The Explanation of the Words of the Calls to Prayer

The Commentary of Guidance, Misguidance, Direction, and Forsaking is from Allah, the Exalted

The Refutation of the Dualists & the Atheists

There is no‬‬ god but the One God

The‬‬ Remembrance of Allah’s Greatness, Mighty be His Glory

The Subtlety of Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted

The Least Required for Recognizing Diving Unity

He, the Mighty and High, in not Recognized, Except by Himself.

The Assertion of the Emergence of the Universe

The Tradition of Dhi`lib.

The Tradition of Subakht, the Jewish Man

The Meaning of “Glory be to Allah” [Subhan Allah]

The Meaning of Allah is the Greatest [Allahu Akbar]

The Meaning of the First and the Last

the Most Compassionate is Firm on the Empyrean.

His Empyrean was on the Water

The Empyrean and Its‬‬ Description

The Empyrean was Created in Quarters

The Meaning of `His Knowledge Extend over the Heavens and the Earth’

Allah made the Nature of the Creation upon Divine Unity

The Appearance [Al-Bada’]

The Will and the Intent

Capability

The Trial and the Test

Privilege and Adversity

The Negation of Determinism and Relinquishment

Predestination, Divine Decree, Trials, Means of Sustenance Rates, and Restricted Powers

Children and Allah’s Justice Concerning Them

Allah only does what is best for His servants

Command, Prohibition, Promise and Threat

Recognition, Explanation, Evidence, and Guidance

A Session of al-Ridha (AS‬‬) with Theologians from Among the Rhetoricians and Various‬‬ Religions about Unity in the presence of al-Ma`mun

A Session of al-Ridha (AS) with Sulayman al-Marwazi, the Theologian of Khurasan, in‬‬ the Presece of al-Ma`mun concerning the Subject of Divine Unity.

The Prohibition of Discussing, Debating, and Arguing about Allah

1 - أخبرني أبو الحسين طاهر بن محمد بن يونس بن حياة  الفقيه ببلخ، قال: حدثنا محمد بن عثمان الهروي، قال: حدثنا أبو محمد الحسن بن الحسين بن مهاجر  قال: حدثنا هشام بن خالد، قال: حدثنا الحسن بن يحيى الحنيني  قال حدثنا صدقة بن عبد الله، عن هشام، عن أنس  عن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم، عن جبرئيل، عن الله عز وجل، قال: قال الله تبارك وتعالى: من أهان وليا لي فقد بارزني بالمحاربة وما ترددت في شئ أنا فاعله مثل ما ترددت في قبض نفس المؤمن  يكره الموت وأكره مساءته ولا بد له منه، وما تقرب إلي عبدي بمثل أداء ما افترضت عليه، ولا يزال عبدي يتنفل لي حتى أحبه، ومتى أحببته كنت له سمعا وبصرا ويدا ومؤيدا، إن دعاني أجبته، وإن سألني أعطيته، وإن من عبادي المؤمنين لمن يريد الباب من العبادة فأكفه عنه لئلا يدخله عجب فيفسده ذلك، وإن من عبادي المؤمنين لمن لا يصلح إيمانه إلا بالفقر ولو أغنيته لأفسده ذلك، وإن من عبادي المؤمنين لمن لا يصلح إيمانه إلا بالغناء ولو أفقرته لأفسده ذلك، وإن من عبادي المؤمنين لمن لا يصلح إيمانه إلا بالسقم ولو صححت جسمه لأفسده ذلك  وإن من عبادي المؤمنين لمن لا يصلح إيمانه إلا بالصحة ولو أسقمته لأفسده ذلك، إني أدبر عبادي لعلمي بقلوبهم، فإني عليم خبير. 

1. Abu al-Husayn Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Yunus ibn Hayat the Jurist in Balkh reported to us that Muhammad ibn `Uthman al-Hirawi said: Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn ibn Muhajir said: Hisham ibn Khalid said: al-Hasan ibn Yahya al-Hunayni said: Sadaqah ibn `Abdillah said, on the authority of Hisham, on the authority of Anas that the Prophet (sw) said: Jibra’il said: Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, said: Whoever insults My Beloved one has declared war on Me. I do not hesitate in anything like I do when I seize the soul of a believer. He abhors death, and I abhor his evil deeds. However, there is no escape from it. My Servant is never so close to Me as when he fulfils all that I have made obligatory on him. My servant continues to perform superogatory prayers until I star to love him. And when I love him, I become his hearing, his seeing, his hand, and his supporter. When he calls Me, I answer him. And if he asks Me for something, I bestow it upon him. <br>Verily, among My believing servants is one that intends an act of service, but I prevent him from it so self-admiration does not enter him, as this would lead to his destruction. Among My believing servants is one whose faith will not be proper unless he remains poor, for if I made him wealthy, it would lead to his destruction. Among My believing servants is one whose faith will not be proper unless he is wealthy, for if I made him poor it would lead to his destruction. Among My believing servants is one whose faith will not be proper unless he is ill, for if I made him healthy, it would lead to his destruction. Among My believing servant sis one whose faith would not be proper unless he was healthy, for if I made him ill, it would lead to his destruction. Verily, I mange My Servants though my Knowledge of what is in their hearts. Verily, I am the All-Knowing, the All-informed.

2 - حدثنا أبو أحمد الحسن بن عبد الله بن سعيد العسكري، قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن محمد بن عبد الكريم، قال: حدثنا محمد بن عبد الرحمن البرقي، قال: حدثنا عمرو بن أبي سلمة، قال: قرأت على أبي عمر الصنعاني  عن العلاء بن عبد الرحمن، عن أبيه، عن أبي هريرة: أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله قال وسلم: رب أشعث أغبر ذي طمرين مدفع بالأبواب  لو أقسم على الله عز وجل لأبره. 

2. Abu Ahmad al-Hasan ibn `Abd Allah ibn Sa`id al-`Askari said: `Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn `Abd al-Karim said: Muhammad ibn `Abd al-Rahman al-Barqi said: `Amr ibn Abu Salamah said: I read to Abu `Umar al-San`ani on the authority of al-`Ala’ ibn `Abd al-Rahman, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah that The Messenger of Allah (SA) said: There are many beggars with unkempt hair, who are covered in dust, and who wear nothing but two tattered garments, who are turned away when they knock on doors. If they swear by Allah, the Mighty and High, He will keep their oath.

3 - حدثنا أبي رحمه الله، قال: حدثنا علي بن إبراهيم بن هاشم، عن أبيه عن الحسن بن محبوب، عن عبد الله بن سنان، عن محمد بن المنكدر، قال: مرض عون ابن عبد الله بن مسعود فأتيته أعوده فقال: ألا أحدثك بحديث عن عبد الله بن مسعود قلت: بلى، قال: قال عبد الله: بينما نحن عند رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله إذ تبسم، فقلت له ما لك يا رسول الله؟ قال: عجبت من المؤمن وجزعه من السقم، ولو يعلم ما له في السقم من الثواب لأحب أن لا يزال سقيما حتى يلقى ربه عز وجل. 

3. My father (RA) said: `Ali ibn Ibrahim ibn Hashim said, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, on the authority of `Abd Allah ibn Sinan, on the authority of Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir that `Awn ibn `Abd Allah ibn Mas`ud became sick as I went to visit him. He said: “Shall I not related to you a tradition from `Abd Allah ibn mas`ud?” I replied, “Why not?” He said: `Abd Allah said: “While we were in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (SA), he smiled. So I asked him, “What is it, O Messenger of Allah?” He (SA) replied, “I am surprised at how a believer can worry about being sick. If he knew the reward which resides in illness, he would ask to be ill until he meets his Lord, the Mighty and High.”

4 - حدثنا محمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن الوليد رحمه الله، قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن الصفار، عن يعقوب بن يزيد، عن محمد بن أبي عمير، عن هشام بن سالم، قال: قال أبو عبد الله عليه السلام: إن قوما أتوا نبيا فقالوا: ادع لنا ربك يرفع عنا الموت، فدعا لهم، فرفع الله تبارك وتعالى عنهم الموت، وكثروا حتى ضاقت بهم المنازل وكثر النسل، وكان الرجل يصبح فيحتاج أن يطعم أباه وأمه وجده وجد جده ويرضيهم  ويتعاهدهم، فشغلوا عن طلب المعاش، فأفتوه فقالوا: سل ربك أن يردنا إلى آجالنا التي كنا عليها، فسأل ربه عز وجل فردهم إلى آجالهم. 

4. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn al-Walid (RA) said: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan alSaffar said, on the authority of Ya`qub ibn Yazid, on the authority of Muhammad ibn Abu `Umayr, on the authority of Hisham ibn Salim that Abu `Abd Allah al-Sadiq (AS) said: A group of people came to a prophet and said: Pray to your Lord for us that He may remove death from us. Hence, he prayed for them, and Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, removed death from them. Due to their increase in number, their houses became congested and their offspring increased. A man used to wake up in the morning and had to feed, please, and take care of his father, mother, grandfather, and greatgrandfather. As a result, he became preoccupied with seeking means of subsistence. Consequently, they came to the prophet and said: Ask your Lord to return death to us, as we had before. She asked his Lord, the Mighty and high, and He returned them to their moment of death.

5 - حدثنا علي بن أحمد بن عبد الله بن أحمد بن أبي عبد الله البرقي (ره) قال حدثنا أبي، عن جده أحمد بن أبي عبد الله، عن الحسن بن علي بن فضال، عن علي بن عقبة، عن أبيه، عن سليمان بن خالد، عن أبي عبد الله الصادق، عن أبيه، عن جده عليهم السلام قال: ضحك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله ذات يوم حتى بدت نواجذه، ثم قال: ألا تسألوني مم ضحكت، قالوا: بلى يا رسول الله، قال: عجبت للمرء المسلم أنه ليس من قضاء يقضيه الله عز وجل إلا كان خيرا له في عاقبة أمره. 

5. `Ali ibn Ahmad ibn `Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Abu `Abd Allah al-Barqi (RA) said: My father said, on the authority of his grandfather Ahmad ibn Abu `Abd Allah, on the authority of alHasan ibn `Ali ibn Fuddal, on the authority of `Ali ibn `Uqbah, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Sulayman ibn Khalid, on the authority of Abu `Abd Allah al-Sadiq, on the authority of his father, on the authority of his grandfather (AS) who said that One day the Messenger of Allah smiled until his teeth were showing, He (SA) said: “Will you not ask me why I smiled?” The replied, “Of course, O Messenger of Allah.” He (SA) said: “I am astonished at a Muslim person that there is not a prayer, which Allah, the Mighty and High, grants him except there is good for him in the Hereafter.”

6 - حدثنا محمد بن موسى بن المتوكل رضي الله عنه، قال: حدثنا علي بن الحسين السعدآبادي، عن أحمد بن محمد بن خالد، عن أبيه، عن أبي قتادة القمي قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن يحيى، عن أبان الأحمر، عن الصادق جعفر بن محمد عليهما السلام قال: والذي بعث جدي صلى الله عليه وآله بالحق نبيا إن الله تبارك وتعالى ليرزق العبد على قدر المروة، وإن المعونة لتنزل من السماء على قدر المؤونة، وإن الصبر لينزل على قدر شدة البلاء. 

6. Muhammad ibn Musa ibn al-Mutawakkil (RA) said: `Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Sa`dabadi said, on the authority of Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Abu Qatadah al-Qummi that `Abd Allah ibn Yahya said, on the authority of Aban al-Ahmar that Al-Sadiq Ja`far ibn Muhammad (AS) said: Verily, I swear by the One that send my grandfather (SA) as a righteous prophet that Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, give sustenance to a servant according to his generosity. Verily, the help provided from Heaven is based on the extent of the need. And verily, patience must match the level of affliction.

7 - حدثنا الحسين بن أحمد بن إدريس رحمه الله، قال: حدثنا أبي، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى، عن عبد الرحمن بن أبي نجران، عن المفضل بن صالح، عن جابر بن يزيد الجعفي، عن أبي جعفر محمد بن علي الباقر عليهما السلام، قال: إن موسى بن عمران عليه السلام قال: يا رب رضيت بما قضيت تميت الكبير وتبقي الصغير، فقال الله عز وجل: يا موسى أما ترضاني لهم رازقا وكفيلا؟ قال: بلى يا رب فنعم الوكيل أنت ونعم الكفيل . 

7. Al-Husayn ibn Ahmad ibn Idris (RA) said: My father said: Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn `Isa said, on the authority of `Abd al-Rahman ibn Abu Najran, on the al-Mufaddal ibn Salih, on the authority of Jabir ibn Yazid al-Jufi that Abu Ja`far Muhammad ibn `Ali al-baqir (AS) said: Verily, Musa son of `Imran (AS) said: “O my Lord! I am pleased with what You have decreed regarding taking the souls of the elderly, and leaving the souls of the young.” Allah, the Mighty and High, replied, “O Musa! Are you not pleased with Me for being their Sustainer and Provider [kafil]?” Musa replied, “Of course, O Lord. You are the best Custodian, and the Best Provider.”

8 - حدثنا محمد بن موسى بن المتوكل رضي الله عنه، قال: حدثنا علي بن الحسين السعدآبادي، عن أحمد بن محمد بن خالد، عن أبيه، عن صفوان بن يحيى، عن محمد بن أبي الهزهاز، عن علي بن الحسين  قال: سمعت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام يقول: إن الله عز وجل جعل أرزاق المؤمنين من حيث لا يحتسبون، وذلك أن العبد إذا لم يعرف وجه رزقه كثر دعاؤه. 

8. Muhammad ibn Musa ibn al-Mutawakkil (RA) said: `Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Sa`dabadi said, on the authority of Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Safwan ibn Yahya, on the authority of Muhammad ibn Abu al-Hazhaz, on the authority of `ali ib al-Hasan that Abu `Abd Allah al-Sadiq (AS): “Verily, Allah, the Mighty and High, has provided the believer with sustenance from places they cannot even imagine. The pleas of a servant increase when he has no idea where his sustenance will come from.”

9 - حدثنا علي بن أحمد بن محمد بن عمران الدقاق رضي الله عنه، قال: حدثنا محمد بن أبي عبد الله الكوفي، قال: حدثنا محمد بن إسماعيل البرمكي، قال: حدثنا جعفر بن سليمان بن أيوب الخزاز  قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن الفضل الهاشمي، قال: قلت لأبي عبد الله عليه السلام: لأي علة جعل الله تبارك وتعالى الأرواح في الأبدان بعد كونها في ملكوته الأعلى في أرفع محل؟ فقال عليه السلام: إن الله تبارك وتعالى علم أن الأرواح في شرفها وعلوها متى تركت على حالها نزع أكثرها إلى دعوى الربوبية دونه عز وجل، فجعلها بقدرته في الأبدان التي قدرها لها في ابتداء التقدير نظرا لها ورحمة بها، وأحوج بعضها إلى بعض، وعلق بعضها على بعض، ورفع بعضها فوق بعض درجات، وكفى بعضها ببعض، وبعث إليهم رسله واتخذ عليهم حججه مبشرين منذرين يأمرونهم بتعاطي العبودية والتواضع لمعبودهم بالأنواع التي تعبدهم بها ونصب لهم عقوبات في العالج وعقوبات في الآجل ومثوبات في العاجل ومثوبات في الآجل ليرغبهم بذلك في الخير ويزهدهم في الشر وليذلهم  بطلب المعاش والمكاسب فيعلموا بذلك أنهم مربوبون وعباد مخلوقون و يقبلوا على عبادته فيستحقوا بذلك نعيم الأبد وجنة الخلد ويأمنوا من النزوع إلى ما ليس لهم بحق، ثم قال عليه السلام: يا ابن الفضل إن الله تبارك وتعالى أحسن نظرا لعباده منهم لأنفسهم، ألا ترى أنك لا ترى فيهم إلا محبا للعلو  على غيره حتى أن منهم لمن قد نزع إلى دعوى الربوبية، ومنهم من قد نزع إلى دعوى النبوة بغير حقها، ومنهم من قد نزع إلى دعوى الإمامة بغير حقها، مع ما يرون في أنفسهم من النقص والعجز والضعف والمهانة والحاجة والفقر والآلام المتناوبة عليهم و الموت الغالب لهم والقاهر لجميعهم، يا ابن الفضل إن الله تبارك وتعالى لا يفعل لعباده إلا الأصلح لهم، ولا يظلم الناس شيئا ولكن الناس أنفسهم يظلمون. 

9. `Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn `Imran al-Daqqaq (RA) said: Muhammad ibn Abu `Abd Allah al-Kufi said: Muhammad ibn Isma`il al-Barmaki said: Ja`far ibn Sulayman ibn Ayyub alKhazzaz said: `Abd Allah ibn al-Fadl al-Hashimi said I asked Abu `Abd Allah al-Sadiq (AS): “Why did Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, place the sols in bodies when they had been in the highest of realms?” Thus, he (AS) replied, Verily, Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, knows that whenever the spirits are left on their own in their elevated and high place, most of them dispute over the Lordship for other than the Mighty and High. Therefore, He placed them with His Power into the bodies, which He had decreed for them from the beginning of the Divine Decree. Bearing them in mind and having mercy over them, He made them in need of each other, and connected them to each other. He elevated the status of some over others, and sufficed some of them for others. He sent messengers to them and made them proofs over them as bearers of good news and warners. They commanded them to seek their Lord, and to be humble before God through acts of devotion. They set punishment and rewards for them, for now and in the future to promote the good and to forbid the evil. He humbled them by making them seek their own means of sustenance and earning so that they may know that they have a Lord and that they are created servants. He accept their service and through it they deserve the ever-lasting bounty and the eternal paradise. They should make peace rather than fight over what they have no right. He (AS) then added, O son of al-Fadl! Verily, Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, intends for His Servants better than what they do for themselves. Do you not see that people seek nothing but self-elevation, until some of them claim to be God? Among them are people who falsely claim the Prophethood, and among them are some who falsely claim the reigns of divine leadership [Imamate], knowing full well their deficiencies, their inability, their limitations, their lowliness, their need, their lack, their suffering, and the death will overpower them and subdue them all. O son of al-Fadl! Verily, Allah the Blessed and Exalted wishes nothing but the best for His Servants. He does not oppress the people at all. On the contrary, it is the people who oppress themselves.

10 - حدثنا محمد بن أحمد الشيباني رضي الله عنه، قال: حدثنا محمد بن أبي - عبد الله الكوفي، قال: حدثنا موسى بن عمران النخعي، عن عمه الحسين بن يزيد النوفلي، عن علي بن سالم، عن أبيه، عن أبي بصير، عن أبي عبد الله جعفر الصادق عليه السلام، قال: سألته عن قول الله عز وجل: (ولا يزالون مختلفين * إلا من رحم ربك و لذلك خلقهم  قال: خلقهم ليفعلوا ما يستوجبوا به رحمته فيرحمهم. 

10. Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Shaybani (ra) said: Muhammad ibn Abu `Abd Allah al-Kufi said: Musa ibn `Imran al-Nakha`I said, on the authority of his paternal uncleal-Husayn ibn Yazi al-Nawfali, on the authority of `Ali ibn Salim, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Abu Basir that I asked Abu Abd Allah Ja`far al-Sadiq (as) about the Word of Allah, the Mighty and High: And they shall continue to differ, except those on whom your Lord has mercy; and for this did He create them. He replied, “He created them to do what makes them deserve His Mercy so that He may have mercy on them.”

11 - حدثنا محمد بن القاسم الأسترآبادي، قال: حدثنا يوسف بن محمد بن زياد وعلي بن محمد بن سيار عن أبويهما، عن الحسن بن علي، عن أبيه، علي بن محمد، عن أبيه محمد بن علي، عن أبيه علي بن موسى الرضا، عن أبيه موسى بن جعفر عن أبيه جعفر بن محمد، عن أبيه محمد بن علي، عن أبيه علي بن الحسين عليهم السلام في قول الله عز وجل: ﴿الذي جعل لكم الأرض فراشا﴾  قال: جعلها ملائمة لطبائعكم موافقة لأجسادكم، لم يجعلها شديدة الحمى والحرارة فتحرقكم، ولا شديدة البرد فتجمدكم، ولا شديدة طيب الريح فتصدع هاماتكم، ولا شديدة النتن فتعطبكم، ولا شديدة اللين كالماء فتغرقكم، ولا شديدة الصلابة فتمتنع عليكم في دوركم و أبنيتكم وقبور موتاكم، ولكنه عز وجل جعل فيها من المتانة ما تنتفعون به و تتماسكون وتتماسك عليها أبدانكم وبنيانكم، وجعل فيها ما تنقاد به لدوركم و قبوركم وكثير من منافعكم  فلذلك جعل الأرض فراشا لكم، ثم قال عز وجل (والسماء بناء) أي سقفا من فوقكم محفوظا، يدير فيها شمسها وقمرها ونجومها لمنافعكم، ثم قال عز وجل: (وأنزل من السماء ماء) يعني المطر نزله من العلي ليبلغ قلل جبالكم وتلالكم وهضابكم وأوهادكم، ثم فرقة رذاذا ووابلا وهطلا وطلا لتنشفه أرضوكم، ولم يجعل ذلك المطر نازلا عليكم قطعة واحدة فيفسد أرضيكم وأشجاركم وزروعكم وثماركم، ثم قال عز وجل: (فأخرج به من الثمرات رزقا لكم فلا تجعلوا لله أندادا) أي أشباها وأمثالا من الأصنام التي لا تعقل ولا تسمع ولا تبصر ولا تقدر على شئ (وأنتم تعلمون) أنها لا تقدر على شئ من هذه النعم الجليلة التي أنعمها عليكم ربكم تبارك وتعالى. 

11. Muhammad ibn al-Qasim al-Astarabadi said: Yusuf ibn Muhammad ibn Ziyad and `ali ibn Muhammad ibn Sayyar both said, on the authority of their father, on the authority of al-Hasan ibn `Ali, on the authority of his father `Ali ibn Muhammad, on the authority of his father Muhammad ibn `Ali, on the authority of his father, `Ali ibn Musa al-Rida, on the authority of his father Musa ibn Ja`far, on the authority of his father Ja`far ibn Muhammad, on the authority of his father Muhammad ibn `Ali (AS) that His father, `Ali ibn al-Husayn (AS), was asked to interpret the Word of Allah, the Mighty and High: Who made the Earth a resting place for you. He (AS) said He made it suitable for your nature and in harmony with your bodies. He did not make it severely hot and warm so it may burn you, nor severely cold so it may freeze you. Neither did He make it severely perfumed to give you headaches, nor did He make it terribly foul-smelling so it may sicken you. He neither made it severely soft like water so it may drown you, nor did He make it severely hard so it may obstruct you from making houses, buildings, and graves for your deceased. However, Allah, the Mighty and High, made it with firmness so that you could benefit form it, enabling your bodies to walk upon it and your houses to hold together. He placed in it soft soil so that you could build your homes upon it, dig graves, and so that you could find other benefits. This is why He made the earth a resting place for you. Then the Mighty and high said: Heaven a canopy, i.e. a protecting roof over you, where its sun, moon and stars rotate for your benefit. The Mighty and High then said: And (Who sends down water from heaven, i.e. the rain which He sends down form a height so that I may reach the highest points of the mountains, the hills, the elevations, and the low-lying land. Then He separated the rain into drizzle, shower, heavy downpour, and sprinkles so that he earth could better absorb it. He did not sent the rain down in one shot, as that would have destroyed our lands, trees, field and fruits. Then the Mighty and High said: Then brings forth with it subsistence for you of the fruits; therefore, do not set up rivals to Allah, i.e. Images or idols, which cannot think, hear, see, and do not have power over anything. While you know, that they do not have power over the magnificent bounties which your Lord, the Blessed and Exalted, ha blessed you with.

12 - حدثنا أبي رضي الله عنه، قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله، عن أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى، عن الحسن بن محبوب، عن داود بن كثير الرقي، عن أبي عبيدة الحذاء، عن أبي جعفر عليه السلام، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: قال الله جل جلاله: إن من عبادي المؤمنين لمن يجتهد في عبادتي فيقوم من رقاده ولذيذ وساده فيتهجد في الليالي ويتعب نفسه في عبادتي فأضربه بالنعاس الليلة والليلتين نظرا مني له و إبقاء عليه فينام حتى يصبح ويقوم وهو ماقت لنفسه زار عليها، ولو أخلي بينه وبين ما يريد من عبادتي لدخله من ذلك العجب فيصيره العجب إلى الفتنة بأعماله  ورضاه عن نفسه حتى يظن أنه قد فاق العابدين، وجاز في عبادته حد التقصير  فيتباعد مني عند ذلك وهو يظن أنه يتقرب إلي. 

12. My father (RA) said: Sa`d ibn `Abd Allah said, on the authority of Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn `Isa, on the authority of al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, on the authority of Dawud ibn Kathir alRaqqi, on the authority of Abu `Ubaydah al-Hadhdah’, on the authority of Abu `Ja`far (AS) who said The Messenger of Allah (SA) said: Allah, Great be His Gory, said: Verily, among My believing servants are those who strive to worship Me. They wake up from their sleep and the comfort of their pillows to perform supererogatory prayers during the night. They exhaust themselves in My Worship. Since I look out for them, I overpower them with sleep for a night or two for watching over them. They sleep until morning, and when they get up, they are disgusted with themselves and afflicted over it. If I do not prevent them from worshiping Me as they desire, they would become proud, which would lead to their destruction. They could even reach a point that they would believe that they have exceeded all the worshippers. Inadequacy is possible in My Worship. People can reach a point when they think they are drawing close to Me, when they are actually straying far away from Me.

13 - حدثنا محمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن الوليد رحمه الله، قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن الصفار، عن إبراهيم بن هاشم، عن الحسن بن محبوب، عن مالك بن عطية، عن داود بن فرقد، عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: كان فيما أوحى الله عز وجل إلى موسى عليه السلام: أن يا موسى ما خلقت خلقا أحب إلي من عبدي المؤمن، وإنما أبتليه لما هو خير له وأعافيه لما هو خير له، وأنا أعلم بما يصلح عليه أمر عبدي، فليصبر على بلائي وليشكر نعمائي وليرض بقضائي أكتبه في الصديقين عندي إذا عمل برضائي فأطاع أمري .  باب الأمر والنهي والوعد والوعيد 

13. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn al-Walid (RA) said: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan alSaffar said, on the authority of Ibrahim ibn Hashim, on the authority of al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, on the authority of Malik ibn `Atiyyah, on the authority of Dawud ibn Farqad that Abu `Abd Allah al-Sadiq (AS) said: Among what Allah, the Mighty and High, revealed to Musa was: O Musa, I have not crated a creation more beloved to Me than My believing servant. Verily, I try him with what is good for him, and cure him for what is good for him. I know what is best for My Servant in his affairs. Hence, he should be patient with My Trials. He should thank me for My Bounties. And he should be pleased with My Destiny. If he act for My Pleasure, and obeys My Command, I will count hi among the truthful ones.

Al-Tawḥīd

Book 2, Chapter 62