5623 - قَالَ : وَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَ أُخْتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا فَقَالَ "لِلزَّوْجِ اَلنِّصْفُ ثَلاَثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ اَلْأُمِّ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ اَلْأَبِ سَهْمٌ " فَقَالَ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ فَإِنَّ فَرَائِضَ زَيْدٍ وَ فَرَائِضَ اَلْعَامَّةِ عَلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ يَقُولُونَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ اَلْأَبِ ثَلاَثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ هِيَ مِنْ سِتَّةٍ تَعُولُ إِلَى ثَمَانِيَةٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "وَ لِمَ قَالُوا هَذَا" فَقَالَ لِأَنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ وَ لَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهٰا نِصْفُ مٰا تَرَكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "فَإِنْ كَانَتِ اَلْأُخْتُ أَخاً" قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُ إِلاَّ اَلسُّدُسُ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "فَمَا لَكُمْ نَقَصْتُمُ اَلْأَخَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَحْتَجُّونَ أَنَّ لِلْأُخْتِ اَلنِّصْفَ بِأَنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ سَمَّى لَهَا اَلنِّصْفَ فَإِنَّ اَللَّهَ سَمَّى لِلْأَخِ اَلْكُلَّ وَ اَلْكُلُّ أَكْثَرُ مِنَ اَلنِّصْفِ لِأَنَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ فِي اَلْأُخْتِ فَلَهٰا نِصْفُ مٰا تَرَكَ وَ قَالَ فِي اَلْأَخِ وَ هُوَ يَرِثُهٰا يَعْنِي جَمِيعَ مَالِهَا إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَلاَ تُعْطُونَ اَلَّذِي جَعَلَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ اَلْجَمِيعَ فِي بَعْضِ فَرَائِضِكُمْ شَيْئاً وَ تُعْطُونَ اَلَّذِي جَعَلَ اَللَّهُ لَهُ اَلنِّصْفَ تَامّاً وَ تَقُولُونَ فِي زَوْجٍ وَ أُمٍّ وَ إِخْوَةٍ لِأُمٍّ وَ أُخْتٍ لِأَبٍ فَتُعْطُونَ اَلزَّوْجَ اَلنِّصْفَ وَ اَلْأُمَّ اَلسُّدُسَ وَ اَلْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ اَلْأُمِّ اَلثُّلُثَ وَ اَلْأُخْتَ مِنَ اَلْأَبِ اَلنِّصْفَ تَجْعَلُونَهَا مِنْ تِسْعَةٍ وَ هِيَ سِتَّةٌ تَعُولُ إِلَى تِسْعَةٍ" فَقَالَ كَذَلِكَ يَقُولُونَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "فَإِنْ كَانَتِ اَلْأُخْتُ أَخاً لِأَبٍ" قَالَ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ لَيْسَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ فَمَا تَقُولُ أَنْتَ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ اَلْأَبِ وَ اَلْأُمِّ وَ لاَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ اَلْأَبِ مَعَ اَلْأُمِّ شَيْءٌ".
Hadith.5623 - A man came to Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir 
and asked him about a woman who passed away, leaving behind her husband, maternal brothers, and a paternal sister.
Imam said: "The husband receives half of the inheritance, which is three shares. The maternal brothers receive two shares, and the paternal sister receives one share."
The man then said to Imam : "But the inheritance rulings of Zayd and the general scholars differ from this, O' Abu Ja'far . They say that the paternal sister receives three shares out of six, which are then adjusted to eight."
Imam asked him: "And why do they say this?"
The man replied: "Because Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, said: 'And if he has a sister, then she shall have half of what he leaves behind.'" (Surah An-Nisa 4:176)
Imam said: "What if the sister were a brother?"
The man replied: "Then he would receive only one-sixth."
Imam responded: "Why have you then reduced the brother's share? If you argue that the sister receives half because Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has explicitly designated half for her, then know that Allah (swt) has designated the entire inheritance for the brother, and the whole is greater than half. For Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, said regarding the sister: 'Then she shall have half of what he leaves behind.'" (Surah An-Nisa 4:176)
And Allah (swt) said regarding the brother: "And he shall inherit her" (Surah An-Nisa 4:176) - meaning he inherits all of her wealth if she has no child. Yet, in some of your rulings, you do not give anything to the one whom Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has assigned the entire inheritance, while you give the one whom Allah (swt) has assigned only half the full share.
You say in the case of a husband, a mother, maternal siblings, and a paternal sister that the husband receives half, the mother receives one-sixth, the maternal siblings receive one-third, and the paternal sister receives half. You calculate this from nine shares when it should be six, increasing it to nine.
The man replied: "Yes, that is what they say."
Imam asked: "What if the paternal sister were a paternal brother?"
The man answered: "He would receive nothing."
Imam then said: "Neither the full brothers and sisters nor the paternal brothers and sisters inherit alongside the mother."
