7. Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Qittan said: al-Hasan ibn `Ali al-Sukkari said: Muhammad ibn Zakariyya said, on the authority of Ja`far ibn Muhammad ibn `Uamrah, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ja`far ibn Muhammad, on the authority of his father Muhammad ibn `Ali, on the authority of his father `Ali ibn al-Husayn, on the authority of his father, al-Husayn عليه السلام that The Commander of the Faithful عليه السلام said: Verily, the body has six states: health, illness, death, life, sleep and wakefulness. Similar is the spirit: its life is its knowledge, its death is its ignorance, its illness is its doubt, its health is its certainty, it sleep is its negligence, and its wakefulness is its preservation (against evil). The Compiler of this book says: And amongst the proofs of the bodies having emerged is that the bodies are not free from co-existence or separation, or from being in motion or being still. Co-existence, separation, motion and stillness have all emerged. Therefore, we have learnt that the body has emerged due to the emergence of what does not separate from it, not precedes it. If someone says: Why did you say: Co-existence and separation are two independent connotations and likewise motion and stillness, so that you may claim that the body is not free from them? It would be replied to him: The proof of that is we find the body co-existing after being separated, while it is possible for it to remain separated. If it was not so that it had emerged, then it would not be more worthy for it to co-exist than to remain separated on what it was, because it dos not emerge itself in this time, so it may have emerged itself on what has coexisted. Neither has it annulled it this time so that it may exist due to its annulment. It is not possible for what has co-existed to take its meaning due to annulment. Do you not see that if it was so that it would not co-exist but due to annulment of a meaning or it would not separated but due to annulment of a meaning, then it would necessitate for it to co-exist and separate within one state due to the annulment of both meanings? Also, if everything was free form containing the meaning of co-existence and separated, then it would necessitate for the accidents to e co-existent and separated, because they are free of these (four) meanings. Its annulment has been explained and the proof of its annulment is that it co-exists due to emergence of a meaning and separated due to emergence of a meaning. Similar is the case for the motion and stillness and all other accidents. If someone says: if you said: The co-existent becomes co-existent due to the being of the coexistence and becomes separated due to the separation. Thus, why have you rejected it becoming co-existent or separated due to both of their existence in it? Similarly, you necessitate this statement: The co-existent becomes co-existent due to the negation of separation and the separated becomes separated due to the negation of co-existence. It would be replied to him: Indeed the co-existence and separation are opposites. Opposites do not appear in one existence at the same time. However, this ruling does not apply in the negation, because the negation of two opposites cannot be rejected in an existence at the same time unlike their subsistence. This is why we have said that if a body co-exists due to negation of separation and is separated due to negation of co-existence; it would necessitate for them to become co-existent and separated due to the negation of separation and is separated due to the negation of co-existence; it would necessitate for them to become coexistent and separated due to the negation of both of them. Is it not so that both black and white colors are negated from a red color, while both are opposites? However, it is not possible for both of them to be present and co-exist at one time. Thus, it is proved that negation of opposites cannot be rejected in one state like the way their affirmation can be rejected. Also, the one saying this has proved the co-existence, separation, motion and stillness and has necessitated that body cannot be free from them, because if it was free from them it would necessitate for it to co-exist, be separated, be in motion and be still. For if it was free from them it will not be attributed with this ruling. If the matter is such, and the body is not fee from these changes then it necessitates it being emerged. What also indicates this is that the human being is ordered on co-existence, separation, motion and stillness and it carries them out, and is praised for it, thanked for it and condemned over it if it was evil. We now know that it is not possible to command the body to do or not to do, nor to praise it for that action or denounce it. Therefore, it is necessary for who can be commanded to do or not to do and deserves praise or criticism for that action to be other than the one who cannot be commanded to do or not to do and not deserve praise or criticism for it. The requirement of this is the affirmation of the accidents. If he said: Why do you accept: The body is not free form co-existence, separation, motion and stillness. And why do you reject that it has never been free of them? Thus, this does not indicate upon the emergence of a body. It would be replied to him: If it has ever been possible for it to be free from co-existence, separation, motion and stillness then it would be possible now and we should witness it. Therefore, when it is not possible to find bodies without co-existence or separation, then we come to know that they have never been free of them in the past. If he says: Why do you reject that if the bodies could not be free of these in the past then it is not possible for the bodies to be free of them in present? It would be said to him: Time and space do not have an effect in this matter. Is it not so that if someone says: I was free from this in the first year r for twenty years and it has become possible for me after this period? Or it is possible for me in Syria but not in Iraq or it is possible in Iraq but not in Hejaz; he would be perplexed and ignorant to the wise and whoever endorses him would also be ignorant. Therefore, we know that time and space do not affect in this. If there is no rule and effect in this matter, then it is necessary that the rule of body applies to it in what has passed and in what will come in the future has the ruling of the present. When it is not possible for the body to be free in present form co-existence or separation, and motion or stillness, we lean that it can never be free from these ever. If it could be free form these in the past, then it cannot be rejected that it can remain as that in the present. So if someone informs us about an unknown town that bodies there were neither coexistent nor separated, neither in motion nor still, then we would doubt in that and not believe that to be true. The annulment of that proof is the annulment of this statement. Moreover, whoever proves that bodies are neither co-existent nor separated, most definitely proves them to be neither close together to one another nor far apart from each other. This attribution cannot be rational, because there should be either partition and distance between two bodies, or there should not be any partition and distance between them; there is not third way. If there is partition and distance between them, they would be separated. However, if there is no partition and distance between them, it would be necessary fro them to be co-existent, because this is the limit of the co-existence and separation. If it is so then whoever proves that bodies are neither co-existent nor separated, is proving them with an attribute that is not rational. And whosoever goes out of the boundary of rationality is a void-doer. So if he says: Why do you accept that: The accidents are emerged and reject that they are not eternal and are always connected to bodies? I would be replied to him: Because we find the co-existent when separated, the co-existence is annulled from it and separation emerge to it. Similar is the separated when made t co-exist, the separation is annulled from it and the co-existence emerges to it. The eternal is eternal due to itself. It is not possible for it to emerge and be annulled. Therefore, it is proved that the co-existence and separation are both emerged and like is the case for all accidents. Is it not so that they are annulled by their contraries then emerge after that. Whatever has the possibility of emergence and annulment cannot be but emerged. Further more, the eternal being which continues have no need in its essence to a creator, clarifying that it is worthier of being existent than nonexistent, because if it is not so then he would too exist but through a creator. If it is so then we know that the eternal cannot be annulled, if it is worthier of being existent than nonexistent. And that whatever can be annulled, cannot be eternal. If he says: Why do you say that whatever does not have precedence over the emerged, it is necessary for it to be emerged? It would be replied to him: Because the emerged is that which comes about after not being there and the eternal is the existent that has always been there. The existent that ahs always been there is necessarily the preceding over the one that came about after not being there. Whatever has not proceeded is the emerged. Therefore, its share of the essence is the share of the emerged, because it does not have the precedence but of the emerged. If it is so then the emerged does not have the share of the eternal in the essence and precedence. Rather it would be of the emerged. In addition whatever shares in its cause or is equal in its essence and does not have precedence over it then it is necessary for it to be emerged. If he says: Is it not so that he body is free form accidents and it is not necessary for it to be an accident then why do you reject that it is not free from changes and that it is not necessary for it to have emerged? It would be replied to him: We have attributed the accident [`arad] that it is not of the attributes of precedence and subsequence. It is indeed informing about genuses of the accidents. If the body does not precede it then it is not necessary that it may become from their genus. This is why it is not necessary for the body to be an accident, even if it does not precede over accidents, if it does not share the accidents in what makes them accidents. We attributed the eternal that it is informing about its precedence and its essence not having any prior to it. And we attributed the emerged that it is informing about its being connected with a finish and an end, and a beginning and start. If it is so, then whatever has no bodies preceding over it, it is necessary for it to remain to a finish and an end, because it is no possible for an existence that is not present from the beginning to have precedence over another existence that is present from the beginning. If this is true, then the emerged shares in what it has emerged and that is its existence to an end. This is why it necessitates to be emerged for its existence to a finish and an end. Similar is the answer to all what one may ask in this matter from this issue. If someone says: if it is proven that the body has emerged then what is the proof that it has One who has emerged it? It would be said to him: Because we find changes in their entirety are connected to the emerged. If he says: Why do you say that the emerged are connected to the emerged for what it is? It would be replied: Because if they were not emerged, they would not be in need of a creator. Is it not so that they were non-emerged existents or were nonexistent, it would not be possible that they may be connected to the emerged. If it is so then it is proven that they are connected to the emerged for what the emerged is. Therefore, it is necessary for every emerged being to have their ruling that every emerged being requires a creator or one that emerges them. These are proofs of the supporters of the Unity (of God), which are in accordance with the Book and the authentic traditions of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم and the Imam عليه السلام.