1- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى جَمِيعِ أَهْلِ الْمِلَلِ وَلا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from abu ‘ Ubaydah who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that testimony of Muslims is admissible against the people of all other nations. The testimony of taxpayers is not admissible against Muslims.”’

2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ شَهَادَةِ أَهْلِ الْمِلَّةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ لا تَجُوزُ إِلا عَلَى أَهْلِ مِلَّتِهِمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْ غَيْرَهُمْ جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُمْ عَلَى الْوَصِيَّةِ لأنَّهُ لا يَصْلُحُ ذَهَابُ حَقِّ أَحَدٍ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Zur’ah from Sama‘ah who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the testimony of members of other nations. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is admissible only against the people of their nation, however, if no one can be found to bear witness about the will (of a Muslim), then their testimony is acceptable because invalidating one’s right is not proper.’”

3- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى إِذَا شَهِدُوا ثُمَّ أَسْلَمُوا جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُمْ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has narrated the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If Jews and Christians bear testimony then become Muslims, their testimony is admissible.’”

4- عَلِيٌّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ وَالْعَبْدِ وَالنَّصْرَانِيِّ يَشْهَدُونَ بِشَهَادَةٍ فَيُسْلِمُ النَّصْرَانِيُّ أَتَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

4. Ali has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about a child, a slave and a Christian who bear testimony; then the Christian becomes a Muslim, if his testimony becomes admissible. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it becomes admissible.’”

5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حُمْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ أُشْهِدَ عَلَى شَهَادَةٍ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ بَعْدُ أَتَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ هُوَ عَلَى مَوْضِعِ شَهَادَتِهِ.

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Najran from Muhammad ibn Humran who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a Christian man who bears a testimony, then becomes a Muslim if his testimony is acceptable. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he is in the right position to testify.’”

6- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَوْ آخَرانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّجُلُ فِي أَرْضِ غُرْبَةٍ لا يُوجَدُ فِيهَا مُسْلِمٌ جَازَتْ شَهَادَةُ مَنْ لَيْسَ بِمُسْلِمٍ عَلَى الْوَصِيَّةِ.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn al-Hakam who has narrated the following: “About the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ’. . .or two from people other than your people,’ (5:106) abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘This applies when a man is away from his land where Muslims are not found, then appointing non-Muslims as witness to a will is permissible.’”

7- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ ضُرَيْسٍ الْكُنَاسِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ شَهَادَةِ أَهْلِ الْمِلَلِ هَلْ تَجُوزُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ مِلَّتِهِمْ فَقَالَ لا إِلا أَنْ لا يُوجَدَ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالِ غَيْرُهُمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدْ غَيْرُهُمْ جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُمْ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ لأنَّهُ لا يَصْلُحُ ذَهَابُ حَقِّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ وَلا تَبْطُلُ وَصِيَّتُهُ.

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn Mahbub from abu Ayyub ‘Abd al-’Aziz al-‘ from Durays al-Kunasiy who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the testimony of people of other nations if they can be appointed as witness. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, unless no one else can be found, in which case their bearing testimony about a will is permissible, because it is not proper to invalidate the right of a Muslim man and void his will.’”

8- ابْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ حُمْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ذَوا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ اللَّذَانِ مِنْكُمْ مُسْلِمَانِ وَاللَّذَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ فَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ الْمُسْلِمُ فِي أَرْضِ غُرْبَةٍ فَيَطْلُبُ رَجُلَيْنِ مُسْلِمَيْنِ لِيُشْهِدَهُمَا عَلَى وَصِيَّتِهِ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مُسْلِمَيْنِ فَلْيُشْهِدْ عَلَى وَصِيَّتِهِ رَجُلَيْنِ ذِمِّيَّيْنِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مَرْضِيَّيْنِ عِنْدَ أَصْحَابِهِمَا.

8. Ibn Mahbub has narrated from Jamil ibn Salih from Hamzah ibn Humran who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . two just man from among you or two men from other people. 5 (5:106) He (the Imam) said, ‘The ‘two from you’ means two Muslims, the ‘two from other people 5 means from the followers of the book. 5 He (the Imam) then said, ‘This can happen when a Muslim dies far away from his land where he cannot find two Muslim men, thus he can appoint two taxpayers of the followers of the book who are acceptable among their own people to bear witness to his will."