The Will and What it Must Consist of

The Witness for the Will

A Man Makes a Will and Appoints an Executor but he Refuses to Accept it

The Owner is more Rightful to his Property as Long as he is Living

Making a Will for the Heir

The Matters for which one can Make a Will and what is Preferable in the Issue

Another Chapter

A Man Makes a Will, then Cancels it

If the Beneficiary of a Will dies before the Death of the Testator or before Taking Possession

Executing the Will as it Requires

A Will for Setting free Slaves, Charity or al-Hajj

The Executor of the Will must Correct the Possible Violation of the Law in the Will

An Executor of the Will is held Responsible for Changing a Lawful Will

Al-Mudabbar (the Slave for whose Freedom Death of the Master is a Condition) is from One Third of the Legacy

First the Shroud, then Debts, then Will is paid for from the Legacy

The Will and Debts

One Who Sets Free a Slave and He is Indebted

The Will about a Contracted Slave

The Will of Immature Boys and Girls, the Lawful and Unlawful Matters in it

Will in Favor of Mothers of Children

The Matters Permissible in Endowment, Charity, Gift, Present, Providing Conditional Housing and Matters Permissible or otherwise for a Child and others

The Will for a Part of One’s Assets

The Will about Something of One’s Legacy

The Will about a Share of One’s Legacy

One in His Illness Confesses His Indebtedness to One of his Heirs

When certain ones of the Heirs Confirm Freeing of a Slave or Debts

The Case of One Who Leaves very Little Legacy with a Larger Amount of Debt and Dependents

The Adults whose Will is not Acceptable

Distribution of What is Bequeathed To Relatives

The Case of one who Makes a Bequest for an Adult with whom a Child must Share

The Case of One’s Appointing Two Executors for the Will, Each of whom Deals with a Certain Portion of the Legacy

Charities of the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, Fatimah and ‘A’immah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam

Things that Reach a Deceased after his Death

The Rare Ahadith

The Case of One who Dies without a Will, Leaves behind Small Heirs and it is Sold upon Him

The Executor of the Will Hands over the Assets of Children who were Small, now Adults, but they Refuse to Take Charge, the Children who Become Adults but are not Found to be of Proper Understanding, the Limit of Adulthood

The Ordained Shares

The Legacy Comes from the Share of the One Nearest in Relationship to Him and that the Owner of Ordained Share is more Deserving than those who do not have any Ordained Share

Obligations are not Fulfilled without the Sword

Invalidity of Deficiency (in the Ordained Shares)

Another Chapter on Invalidity of al-‘Awl (deficiency or excess) and the Ordained Shares are not more than Six

Knowing to Avoid Deficiency

With the Existence of a Child and Parents no one Else Inherits Except a Husband and Wife

The Reason Why Ordained Shares are not more than Six

The Reason Why a Male’s Share is Twice the Share of a Female

The Legacy is Just for the Eldest Son

The Share of Children from the Legacy

The Share of Grandchildren in the legacy

Inheritance of Parents

Inheritance of Parents with Brothers and Sisters from the Father and Brothers and Sisters from the Mother

The Inheritance of a Son with both Parents

Inheritance of the Son, with Husband and Woman and Both Parents

Inheritance of Parents with Husband and Wife

AI-Kalalah (Burdensome one’s in Inheritance)

Inheritance of Brothers and Sisters with Children

Inheritance of the Grandfather

Brothers from a Mother with the Grandfather

Son of a Brother with a Grandfather

Inheritance of Relatives

A Woman Leaves Behind Just her Husband

A Deceased Leaves behind Just his Wife

Women do not Inherit Anything from Real Property

Dispute of Man and Woman over Household Items

Inheritance of a Boy and a Girl who are not yet Mature

The Inheritance of a Married and Mature Female before going to Bed

Inheritance of Women Divorced during Illness or without Illness

Inheritance of Relatives with Mawali

Inheritance of People Drowned and because of the Collapse of a Structure on them

Inheritance of People Killed, those who Inherit and those who do not Inherit from the Wergild

The Inheritance of a Killer

Inheritance of People of other Religions

Another Chapter on Inheritance of People of other Religions

The Inheritance of the People of Religion among them according to the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Holy Prophet

If a Deceased Leaves Behind Muslim and non-Muslim Heirs

Inheritance of Slaves

The Free and Slaves do not Inherit each other

Deceased leaves Behind One Free and One Owned Heir

The Inheritance Due to Special Contract

Inheritance of an Apostate

Inheritance of One who is Lost

Inheritance of the Crying Newborn Child

Inheritance of Hermaphrodite

Inheritance of the Child of Parents who Condemn Each other (al -Mula‘anah (condemnation))

Another Chapter about the Child of Mula‘anah (condemnation)

Inheritance of a Child from Fornication

The Case of a Child Carried away from his Birthplace ( al-Hamil )

Confirming of Certain Heir a Debt

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ فِي الْمَنْفُوسِ إِذَا تَحَرَّكَ وَرِثَ إِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا كَانَ أَخْرَسَ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan all from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Rib‘iy ibn ‘ Abd Allah who has narrated the following: “I once heard abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), saying about newborn, ‘If he moves, he inherits; perhaps he is speechless.”’ 

2- عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ فِي السِّقْطِ إِذَا سَقَطَ مِنْ بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ فَتَحَرَّكَ تَحَرُّكاً بَيِّناً يَرِثُ وَيُورَثُ فَإِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا كَانَ أَخْرَسَ.

2. Ali has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Rib‘iy who has narrated the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘If a miscarried child falls off the womb of his mother and moves with clear movement, he inherits and is inherited; perhaps he is speechless so that he did not cry.’” 

3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ فَوَضَعَتْ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ غُلاماً ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْغُلامُ بَعْدَ مَا وَقَعَ عَلَى الأرْضِ فَشَهِدَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ الَّتِي قَبِلَتْهَا أَنَّهُ اسْتَهَلَّ وَصَاحَ حِينَ وَقَعَ عَلَى الأرْضِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ عَلَى الإمَامِ أَنْ يُجِيزَ شَهَادَتَهَا فِي رُبُعِ مِيرَاثِ الْغُلامِ.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad all from ibn Mahbub from ‘Umar ibn Yazid who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies leaving behind a woman who is pregnant. She gives birth after his death and the boy dies after falling on the ground. The female nurse saw and heard him crying when falling on the ground but then died. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is up to the Imam to apply her testimony for the one-fourth of the legacy of the boy.’” (The testimony of the nurse is one out of four needed) 

4- ابْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ الْقَابِلَةِ فِي الْمَوْلُودِ إِذَا اسْتَهَلَّ وَصَاحَ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ وَيُوَرَّثُ الرُّبُعَ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ بِقَدْرِ شَهَادَةِ امْرَأَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَتَا امْرَأَتَيْنِ قَالَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُمَا فِي النِّصْفِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ.

4. Ibn Mahbub has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has narrated the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘The testimony of a female nurse about the crying of a newborn at the time of birth is effective for one-fourth of the legacy proportionate to the testimony of one woman.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if they are two women?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is effective for one-half of the legacy.’” 

5- حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي مِيرَاثِ الْمَنْفُوسِ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ قَالَ لا يَرِثُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئاً حَتَّى يَصِيحَ وَيُسْمَعَ صَوْتُهُ.

5. Humayd ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from Muhammad ibn Ziyad from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has narrated the following: “About the case of inheritance of a newborn from a wergild, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He cannot inherit from a wergild anything unless he cries at birth and his crying is heard.’” 

6- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ إِنَّ الْمَنْفُوسَ لا يَرِثُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئاً حَتَّى يَسْتَهِلَّ وَيُسْمَعَ صَوْتُهُ. 

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ibn ‘Awn from certain persons of them who has narrated the following: “I once heard him (the Imam) (a.s.), saying, ‘A newborn does not inherit from a wergild anything unless he cries at the time of birth and his voice is heard.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 7

Book 2, Chapter 48