Virtue and Excellence of Serving in the Army

Jihad of Man and Woman

Kinds of Jihad (struggle)

To Whom Does the Obligation of Jihad Apply, and to Whom it Does not Apply

Mobilization Along with People when there is Fear for al-Islam

Under Whose Command Obligatory Jihad Takes Place?

‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd and al-Mu’taziliy Groups’ Visiting abu ‘Abd Allah ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Recommendations of the Messenger of Allah and Amir al-Mu’minin, about Smaller Armed Expeditions

Chapter 9(a) - Granting Immunity

Chapter 9(b)

Chapter 9(c)

Challenging the Enemy for a Fight

Kindness to the Prisoners and Providing Him Food

Calling to al-Islam before Fighting

Chapter 13(a) - Matters about which Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s), Recommended at the Time of War

Chapter 13(b)

It is not Lawful for a Muslim to Reside in a War Zone

Chapter 15(a) - Distribution of the Properties Captured from the Enemy

Chapter 15(b)

Chapter 15(c)

The Slogan

The Virtue of Maintaining Horses, Racing and Sharp Shooting Contests

Man’s Defending Himself Against the Thief

The Case of one Murdered over His Stolen Property

Chapter 20(a) - The Excellence of Martyrdom

Chapter 20(b)

Chapter 20(c)

Commanding others what is Obligatory and to Prohibit them from doing Evil

Chapter 22(a) - Rejecting Evil in one’s Heart

Chapter 22(b)

The Case of those who Displease the Creator to Please the Creatures

It is Detestable to Expose One’s Self to What He Cannot Endure

Al-Sufiy People’s Visiting Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Meaning of Zuhd (Asceticism)

Using the Worldly Resources as Means for Success in the Hereafter

The Degree Of Efforts Which One Must Make In Search For One’s Sustenance To Follow In the Footsteps of ‘A’immah ‘Alayhim al-Salam

Promoting The Quest For Sustenance And Work To Make A Living

Al^Ibla’ (Trying) in the Work for Living

Meticulous Effort to Make a Living

Receiving Sustenance from Unexpected Sources

The Detestability of Sleeping and Passing Time without Work

Detestability of Laziness

One’s Working in His House

Amending one’s Properties and Planning for one’s Living

Hard Work for the Family

Earning Lawful kind of Sustenance

Saving for One’s Living Expenses

Detestability of Offering Oneself for Hire

Performing Personally one’s Business Tasks

Buying and Selling Real Estate

Debts and Borrowing

Payment of Debts

To Retaliate and Offset for Debts

When a Man Dies Payment of his Debts becomes Due

The Case of One Who Borrows But Does Not Intend To Pay Back

Sell off Debts in Exchange for Debts

Etiquette of Asking for Payment

The Case of Delaying Due Payment

Lodging With a Borrower When Demanding Payment

Chapter 28(a) - The Case of Gift to a Creditor

Chapter 28(b) - Bail out and Assignment or Referral

Working for al-Sultan and his Rewards

The Conditions to Work for al-Sultan

Selling Arms to al- Sultan

The Crafts (Technologies)

The Legal Status of Income from Cupping Operation

Income from Eulogizing Someone to Make People Mourn

The Legal Status of Income from Hairdressing and Circumcising

The Legal Status of the Income of Female Singer from Singing and Selling Singers (Slave-girls)

The Legal Status of Income from Teaching

The legal Status of Income from Selling Copies of the Holy Quran

Gambling and Looting

Earning in Unlawful ways

Unlawful Earnings in the form of al-Suht such as Buying and Selling of Intoxicating Liquors . . .

Consuming the Properties of Orphans

The Amount a Supervisor of the Properties of Orphans Can Lawfully Use

Using the Properties of Orphans in Business and Lending

Safe Return of Trust

A Father and Son’s Using Each Others Properties

A Husband and Wife’s Using Each Other’s Properties

Found and Lost Properties

Gifts and Presents

Rule about Unlawful Interest

Unlawful Interest Does Not Apply Between a Father and Son

The Excellence of Doing Business and Giving It Proper Attention

Etiquettes of Doing Business

Excellence of Keeping Accounts and Books

Entering the Market Before Others

Speaking of Allah, Most High, in the Market

Words to Say When Buying for Resale Purposes

People With Whom Doing Business Is Not Recommended

Using Proper and Improper Measurements in Business

Cheating in Business

Swearing at the Time of Buying and Selling

The Case of Prices of Goods

The Case of Monopolization (Hoarding) Goods in Public Demand

Another Chapter

Excellence of Buying Wheat and Food

Detestability of Estimating and Preferability of Using Measurements

Continuing Profitable Businesses

1- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ الْجَبَلِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ الأشَلِّ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) كَيْفَ مَاسَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) النِّسَاءَ حِينَ بَايَعَهُنَّ قَالَ دَعَا بِمِرْكَنِهِ الَّذِي كَانَ يَتَوَضَّأُ فِيهِ فَصَبَّ فِيهِ مَاءً ثُمَّ غَمَسَ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى فَكُلَّمَا بَايَعَ وَاحِدَةً مِنْهُنَّ قَالَ اغْمِسِي يَدَكِ فَتَغْمِسُ كَمَا غَمَسَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فَكَانَ هَذَا مُمَاسَحَتَهُ إِيَّاهُنَّ. عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) مِثْلَهُ.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Khalid from Muhammad ibn Ali from Muhammad ibn Aslam al-Jabaliy from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Salim al-Ashal from al-Mufaddal ibn ‘Umar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘How did the Messenger of Allah touch the hands of women for their pledge of allegiance? He (the Imam) said, ‘He (the Messenger of Allah) asked for a bucket in which he would make wudu. He (the Messenger of Allah) poured water in it, then immersed his right hand in water and as soon as one of them pledged allegiance he (the Messenger of Allah) asked her to immerse her hand in the water and she did so whenever he (the Messenger of Allah), O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, did and this is how he touched their hands.’” Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from certain persons of his people from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), a similar Hadith. 

2- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ سَعْدَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَتَدْرِي كَيْفَ بَايَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) النِّسَاءَ قُلْتُ اللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَابْنُ رَسُولِهِ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ جَمَعَهُنَّ حَوْلَهُ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِتَوْرِ بَرَامٍ فَصَبَّ فِيهِ نَضُوحاً ثُمَّ غَمَسَ يَدَهُ فِيهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ اسْمَعْنَ يَا هَؤُلاءِ أُبَايِعُكُنَّ عَلَى أَنْ لا تُشْرِكْنَ بِاللهِ شَيْئاً وَلا تَسْرِقْنَ وَلا تَزْنِينَ وَلا تَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلادَكُنَّ وَلا تَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ تَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيكُنَّ وَأَرْجُلِكُنَّ وَلا تَعْصِينَ بُعُولَتَكُنَّ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ أَقْرَرْتُنَّ قُلْنَ نَعَمْ فَأَخْرَجَ يَدَهُ مِنَ التَّوْرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُنَّ اغْمِسْنَ أَيْدِيَكُنَّ فَفَعَلْنَ فَكَانَتْ يَدُ رَسُولِ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) الطَّاهِرَةُ أَطْيَبَ مِنْ أَنْ يَمَسَّ بِهَا كَفَّ أُنْثَى لَيْسَتْ لَهُ بِمَحْرَمٍ.

2. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Ahmad ibn Ishaq from Sa‘dan ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once asked me, ‘Do you know how the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, pledged allegiance with women?’ I replied, ‘Allah knows best and the child of His Messenger knows best.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He (the Messenger of Allah) called them to come together around him (the Messenger of Allah) and asked for a bowl. The place was Baram (near al-Baqi‘). He (the Messenger of Allah) poured water in the bowl just to moisten it and immersed his hand in it, then said, ‘Listen all of you. I pledge allegiance with you with the condition that you will not call anything as partners of Allah, you must not steal, you must not fornicate, you must not kill your children, you must not accuse falsely fabricating all by yourselves and you must not disobey your husbands in lawful matters. Do you confirm and acknowledge?’ They replied, ‘Yes, we confirm.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) then moved his hand from the bowl then said to them, ‘Immerse your hands in the bowl and they also did so. The purified and holy hand of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, must not have touched female hands who were not of his relatives.’” 

3- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَ��ْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَلا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ قَالَ الْمَعْرُوفُ أَنْ لا يَشْقُقْنَ جَيْباً وَلا يَلْطِمْنَ خَدّاً وَلا يَدْعُونَ وَيْلا وَلا يَتَخَلَّفْنَ عِنْدَ قَبْرٍ وَلا يُسَوِّدْنَ ثَوْباً وَلا يَنْشُرْنَ شَعْراً.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from a man who has said the following: “About the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . that they must not disobey you in lawful matters’ (60:13) Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘lawful matters means not to tear one’s shirt, slap one’s face, crying, ‘woe is me’, must not remain behind near the grave, must not blacken clothes and must not spread hairs.’” 

4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ الْخُزَاعِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي الْمِقْدَامِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ تَدْرُونَ مَا قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى وَلا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ قُلْتُ لا قَالَ إِنَّ 14- رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) قَالَ لِفَاطِمَةَ (عَلَيْهِا السَّلام) إِذَا أَنَا مِتُّ فَلا تَخْمِشِي عَلَيَّ وَجْهاً وَلا تَنْشُرِي عَلَيَّ شَعْراً وَلا تُنَادِي بِالْوَيْلِ وَلا تُقِيمِي عَلَيَّ نَائِحَةً قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ هَذَا الْمَعْرُوفُ الَّذِي قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Salmah ibn al-Khattab from Sulayman ibn Sama‘ah al-Khuza‘iy from Ali ibn ‘Isma’il from ‘Amr ibn abu al-Miqdam who has said the following: “I once heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘Do you know what is the meaning of the words of Allah, ‘. . . that they must not disobey you in lawful matters?’ (60:13) I replied, ‘No, I do not know.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once said to Fatimah, ‘Alayha al-Salam, ‘When I die, you must not cause abrasion to any face, you must not spread for me any hairs, you must not cry ‘woe is me’ and you must not call any gathering to mourn for me.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘This is the lawful matter about which Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has spoken.’” 

5- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ لَمَّا فَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) مَكَّةَ بَايَعَ الرِّجَالَ ثُمَّ جَاءَ النِّسَاءُ يُبَايِعْنَهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذا جاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِناتُ يُبايِعْنَكَ عَلى‏ أَنْ لا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللهِ شَيْئاً وَلا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلا يَزْنِينَ وَلا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلادَهُنَّ وَلا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ فَبايِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللهَ إِنَّ اللهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ فَقَالَتْ هِنْدٌ أَمَّا الْوَلَدُ فَقَدْ رَبَّيْنَا صِغَاراً وَقَتَلْتَهُمْ كِبَاراً وَقَالَتْ أُمُّ حَكِيمٍ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا ذَلِكَ الْمَعْرُوفُ الَّذِي أَمَرَنَا اللهُ أَنْ لا نَعْصِيَنَّكَ فِيهِ قَالَ لا تَلْطِمْنَ خَدّاً وَلا تَخْمِشْنَ وَجْهاً وَلا تَنْتِفْنَ شَعْراً وَلا تَشْقُقْنَ جَيْباً وَلا تُسَوِّدْنَ ثَوْباً وَلا تَدْعِينَ بِوَيْلٍ فَبَايَعَهُنَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) عَلَى هَذَا فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَيْفَ نُبَايِعُكَ قَالَ إِنَّنِي لا أُصَافِحُ النِّسَاءَ فَدَعَا بِقَدَحٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ فَأَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ ثُمَّ أَخْرَجَهَا فَقَالَ أَدْخِلْنَ أَيْدِيَكُنَّ فِي هَذَا الْمَاءِ فَهِيَ الْبَيْعَةُ. 

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Aban from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who said: “When the Messenger of Allah (sw) liberated Makkah, men pledged allegiance; then women came to pledge allegiance; and Allah, most Majestic and most Glorious, said, ‘O Prophet, when believing women come to pledge allegiance with you not to call anything as partner of Allah, not to steal, not to commit fornication, not to kill their children, not to accuse falsely of their own making, must not disobey you in lawful matters, then pledge allegiance with them and ask forgiveness from Allah for them, Allah is forgiving and merciful.’ (60:13) Hind then said, ‘We brought up children from the time they were infants but you killed them when they grew up.’ Umm Hakim daughter of al-Harith ibn Hisham, wife of ‘Ikramah ibn abu Jahl asked, ‘O Messenger of Allah, what is that ‘lawful matters’ that Allah has commanded us not to disobey you? He (the Messenger of Allah) replied, ‘You must not slap any face, abrade it, pull out any hair, tear apart front part of a shirt, blacken clothes and you must not cry ‘woe is me’.’ The Messenger of Allah (sw) pledged allegiance with them on this and then she said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, how can we pledge allegiance to you?’ He (the Messenger of Allah) said, ‘I do not place my hand in the hands of women.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) then asked for a bowl of water and immersed his hand in it and then moved it and told them to immerse their hands in the bowl and that was pledging allegiance.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 5

Book 3, Chapter 167