Virtue and Excellence of Serving in the Army

Jihad of Man and Woman

Kinds of Jihad (struggle)

To Whom Does the Obligation of Jihad Apply, and to Whom it Does not Apply

Mobilization Along with People when there is Fear for al-Islam

Under Whose Command Obligatory Jihad Takes Place?

‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd and al-Mu’taziliy Groups’ Visiting abu ‘Abd Allah ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Recommendations of the Messenger of Allah and Amir al-Mu’minin, about Smaller Armed Expeditions

Chapter 9(a) - Granting Immunity

Chapter 9(b)

Chapter 9(c)

Challenging the Enemy for a Fight

Kindness to the Prisoners and Providing Him Food

Calling to al-Islam before Fighting

Chapter 13(a) - Matters about which Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s), Recommended at the Time of War

Chapter 13(b)

It is not Lawful for a Muslim to Reside in a War Zone

Chapter 15(a) - Distribution of the Properties Captured from the Enemy

Chapter 15(b)

Chapter 15(c)

The Slogan

The Virtue of Maintaining Horses, Racing and Sharp Shooting Contests

Man’s Defending Himself Against the Thief

The Case of one Murdered over His Stolen Property

Chapter 20(a) - The Excellence of Martyrdom

Chapter 20(b)

Chapter 20(c)

Commanding others what is Obligatory and to Prohibit them from doing Evil

Chapter 22(a) - Rejecting Evil in one’s Heart

Chapter 22(b)

The Case of those who Displease the Creator to Please the Creatures

It is Detestable to Expose One’s Self to What He Cannot Endure

Al-Sufiy People’s Visiting Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam

The Meaning of Zuhd (Asceticism)

Using the Worldly Resources as Means for Success in the Hereafter

The Degree Of Efforts Which One Must Make In Search For One’s Sustenance To Follow In the Footsteps of ‘A’immah ‘Alayhim al-Salam

Promoting The Quest For Sustenance And Work To Make A Living

Al^Ibla’ (Trying) in the Work for Living

Meticulous Effort to Make a Living

Receiving Sustenance from Unexpected Sources

The Detestability of Sleeping and Passing Time without Work

Detestability of Laziness

One’s Working in His House

Amending one’s Properties and Planning for one’s Living

Hard Work for the Family

Earning Lawful kind of Sustenance

Saving for One’s Living Expenses

Detestability of Offering Oneself for Hire

Performing Personally one’s Business Tasks

Buying and Selling Real Estate

Debts and Borrowing

Payment of Debts

To Retaliate and Offset for Debts

When a Man Dies Payment of his Debts becomes Due

The Case of One Who Borrows But Does Not Intend To Pay Back

Sell off Debts in Exchange for Debts

Etiquette of Asking for Payment

The Case of Delaying Due Payment

Lodging With a Borrower When Demanding Payment

Chapter 28(a) - The Case of Gift to a Creditor

Chapter 28(b) - Bail out and Assignment or Referral

Working for al-Sultan and his Rewards

The Conditions to Work for al-Sultan

Selling Arms to al- Sultan

The Crafts (Technologies)

The Legal Status of Income from Cupping Operation

Income from Eulogizing Someone to Make People Mourn

The Legal Status of Income from Hairdressing and Circumcising

The Legal Status of the Income of Female Singer from Singing and Selling Singers (Slave-girls)

The Legal Status of Income from Teaching

The legal Status of Income from Selling Copies of the Holy Quran

Gambling and Looting

Earning in Unlawful ways

Unlawful Earnings in the form of al-Suht such as Buying and Selling of Intoxicating Liquors . . .

Consuming the Properties of Orphans

The Amount a Supervisor of the Properties of Orphans Can Lawfully Use

Using the Properties of Orphans in Business and Lending

Safe Return of Trust

A Father and Son’s Using Each Others Properties

A Husband and Wife’s Using Each Other’s Properties

Found and Lost Properties

Gifts and Presents

Rule about Unlawful Interest

Unlawful Interest Does Not Apply Between a Father and Son

The Excellence of Doing Business and Giving It Proper Attention

Etiquettes of Doing Business

Excellence of Keeping Accounts and Books

Entering the Market Before Others

Speaking of Allah, Most High, in the Market

Words to Say When Buying for Resale Purposes

People With Whom Doing Business Is Not Recommended

Using Proper and Improper Measurements in Business

Cheating in Business

Swearing at the Time of Buying and Selling

The Case of Prices of Goods

The Case of Monopolization (Hoarding) Goods in Public Demand

Another Chapter

Excellence of Buying Wheat and Food

Detestability of Estimating and Preferability of Using Measurements

Continuing Profitable Businesses

1- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَسَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكَرْخِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أُشَارِكُ الْعِلْجَ فَيَكُونُ مِنْ عِنْدِيَ الأرْضُ وَالْبَذْرُ وَالْبَقَرُ وَيَكُونُ عَلَى الْعِلْجِ الْقِيَامُ وَالسَّقْيُ وَالْعَمَلُ فِي الزَّرْعِ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ حِنْطَةً وَشَعِيراً وَيَكُونُ الْقِسْمَةُ فَيَأْخُذُ السُّلْطَانُ حَقَّهُ وَيَبْقَى مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلْعِلْجِ مِنْهُ الثُّلُثَ وَلِيَ الْبَاقِيَ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ قُلْتُ فَلِي عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ مِمَّا أَخْرَجَتِ الأرْضُ الْبَذْرَ وَيُقْسَمُ الْبَاقِي قَالَ إِنَّمَا شَارَكْتَهُ عَلَى أَنَّ الْبَذْرَ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ وَعَلَيْهِ السَّقْيُ وَالْقِيَامُ.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Ibrahim al-Karkhiy who has narrated the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘I become a partner of an al-‘ilj (a great non-Muslim person). I provide land, seed, and the bull. Al-‘ilj does the plantation and other works for the farm. When the wheat or barely comes, the produce is divided; al-Sultan takes away his right, one-third is for al-‘ilj and the remaining is for me. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I then asked if the seed can be given to me from the produce of the land and the rest is divided. He (the Imam) said, ‘You have formed a partnership which required you to provide the seed and he must provide water and other works.’” 

2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الأرْضُ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْخَرَاجِ فَيَدْفَعُهَا إِلَى الرَّجُلِ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْمُرَهَا وَيُصْلِحَهَا وَيُؤَدِّيَ خَرَاجَهَا وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ فَضْلٍ فَهُوَ بَيْنَهُمَا قَالَ لا بَأْسَ قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُعْطِي الرَّجُلَ أَرْضَهُ وَفِيهَا رُمَّانٌ أَوْ نَخْلٌ أَوْ فَاكِهَةٌ فَيَقُولُ اسْقِ هَذَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ وَاعْمُرْهُ وَلَكَ نِصْفُ مَا أُخْرِجَ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُعْطِي الرَّجُلَ الأرْضَ فَيَقُولُ اعْمُرْهَا وَهِيَ لَكَ ثَلاثُ سِنِينَ أَوْ خَمْسُ سِنِينَ أَوْ مَا شَاءَ اللهُ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمُزَارَعَةِ فَقَالَ النَّفَقَةُ مِنْكَ وَالأرْضُ لِصَاحِبِهَا فَمَا أَخْرَجَ اللهُ مِنْهَا مِنْ شَيْ‏ءٍ قُسِمَ عَلَى الشَّطْرِ وَكَذَلِكَ أَعْطَى رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ حِينَ أَتَوْهُ فَأَعْطَاهُمْ إِيَّاهَا عَلَى أَنْ يَعْمُرُوهَا وَلَهُمُ النِّصْفُ مِمَّا أَخْرَجَتْ.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn from Safwan from Ya’qub ibn Shu’ayb who has narrated the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who had a land of al-Kharaj (of government) which he had given to a man to develop, pay its taxes and the extra of its produce were to be shared by the two of them. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who gave his land to a man which had pomegranate, palm trees or fruit bearing trees. He told him to water and develop it for one-half of the produce thereof. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who told a man to have his land for three or five years or as Allah wills. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I then asked about sharecropping. He (the Imam) then said, ‘The expenses are from you and the land is from the land-owner. Its produce is divided in portions. This is how the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, gave the people of Khaybar when they came to him. He (the Messenger of Allah) gave it to them to develop for one-half of its produce.’” 

3- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ الْقَبَالَةُ أَنْ تَأْتِيَ الأرْضَ الْخَرِبَةَ فَتَقَبَّلَهَا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَتَعْمُرَهَا وَتُؤَدِّيَ مَا خَرَجَ عَلَيْهَا فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘In a land contract you can have it for twenty years or less from its people to develop it and pay its expenses; such contract is not unlawful.’” 

4- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُزَارَعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ الْمُشْرِكَ فَيَكُونُ مِنْ عِنْدِ الْمُسْلِمِ الْبَذْرُ وَالْبَقَرُ وَتَكُونُ الأرْضُ وَالْمَاءُ وَالْخَرَاجُ وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى الْعِلْجِ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمُزَارَعَةِ قُلْتُ الرَّجُلُ يَبْذُرُ فِي الأرْضِ مِائَةَ جَرِيبٍ أَوْ أَقَلَّ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ طَعَاماً أَوْ غَيْرَهُ فَيَأْتِيهِ رَجُلٌ فَيَقُولُ خُذْ مِنِّي نِصْفَ ثَمَنِ هَذَا الْبَذْرِ الَّذِي زَرَعْتَهُ فِي الأرْضِ وَنِصْفُ نَفَقَتِكَ عَلَيَّ وَأَشْرِكْنِي فِيهِ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ قُلْتُ وَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي يَبْذُرُ فِيهِ لَمْ يَشْتَرِهِ بِثَمَنٍ وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ شَيْ‏ءٌ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ قَالَ فَلْيُقَوِّمْهُ قِيمَةً كَمَا يُبَاعُ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَلْيَأْخُذْ نِصْفَ الثَّمَنِ وَنِصْفَ النَّفَقَةِ وَيُشَارِكُهُ. 

4. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama‘ah who has narrated the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about sharecropping of a Muslim and a pagan in which the Muslim provides seed and bull, the land, water, taxes and work is by the al-‘ilj. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I then asked about sharecropping saying that a man spreads seed on one hundred Jirib (acre) or less or more for grain or other produce. A man then comes and says to take one-half of the value of the seed from me and one-half of the expenses and give me a share in it. He (the Imam) then said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he has not bought the seed, it just was with him?’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘He must appraise it with that day’s prices, then take one-half of its value and one-half of his expenses and then share the farm with him.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 5

Book 2, Chapter 129