Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

عَلِيُّ بْنُ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلنَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ جَرَّاحٍ اَلْمَدَائِنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» إِنَّ اَلصِّيَامَ لَيْسَ مِنَ اَلطَّعَامِ وَ اَلشَّرَابِ وَحْدَهُ« ثُمَّ قَالَ» قَالَتْ مَرْيَمُ» إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمٰنِ صَوْماً« أَيْ صَمْتاً فَإِذَا صُمْتُمْ فَاحْفَظُوا أَلْسِنَتَكُمْ وَغُضُّوا أَبْصَارَكُمْ وَ لاَ تَنَازَعُوا وَلاَ تَحَاسَدُوا« قَالَ» وَ سَمِعَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ اِمْرَأَةً تُسَابُّ جَارِيَةً لَهَا وَ هِيَ صَائِمَةٌ فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ بِطَعَامٍ فَقَالَ لَهَا» كُلِي« فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي صَائِمَةٌ فَقَالَ» كَيْفَ تَكُونِينَ صَائِمَةً وَ قَدْ سَبَبْتِ جَارِيَتَكِ إِنَّ اَلصَّوْمَ لَيْسَ مِنَ اَلطَّعَامِ وَ اَلشَّرَابِ««.

Ali ibn Mahziyar, from al-Husayn ibn Said, from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, from al-Qasim ibn Sulayman, from Jarrah al-Madaini, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam (a.s) said: “Indeed, fasting is not from food and drink alone.” Then Imam (a.s) said: “Mary (s.a) said, ‘Indeed, I have vowed a fast to the Most Merciful,’ meaning silence. (Surah Maryam 19:26) So when you fast, guard your tongues, lower your gazes, do not dispute, and do not envy one another.” Imam (a.s) said: “And the Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, heard a woman abusing a slave girl of hers while she was fasting. So the Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, called for food and said to her: “Eat.” She replied: “I am fasting.” So the Prophet (saws) said: ‘How can you be fasting when you have abused your slave girl? Indeed, fasting is not (only) from food and drink.’”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:» إِذَا صُمْتَ فَلْيَصُمْ سَمْعُكَ وَبَصَرُكَ وَشَعْرُكَ وَجِلْدُكَ وَعَدَّدَ أَشْيَاءَ غَيْرَ هَذَا قَالَ وَلاَ يَكُونُ يَوْمُ صَوْمِكَ كَيَوْمِ فِطْرِكَ«.

And from him, from Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad ibn Uthman, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: “When you fast, then let your hearing, your sight, your hair, and your skin fast.” And the Imam (a.s) enumerated things other than this. Imam (a.s) said: “And the day of your fasting should not be like the day of your breaking the fast.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ اَلنَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ جَرَّاحٍ اَلْمَدَائِنِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:» إِذَا صُمْتَ فَلْيَصُمْ مَعَكَ سَمْعُكَ وَبَصَرُكَ مِنَ اَلْحَرَامِ وَاَلْقَبِيحِ وَدَعِ اَلْمِرَاءَ وَأَذَى اَلْخَادِمِ وَلْيَكُنْ عَلَيْكَ وَقَارُ اَلصَّوْمِ وَ لاَ تَجْعَلْ يَوْمَ صَوْمِكَ كَيَوْمِ فَطْرِكَ«.

And from him, from al-Husayn, from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, from al-Qasim ibn Sulayman, from Jarrah al-Madaini, who said: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: “When you fast, let your hearing and your sight fast with you from what is forbidden and vile, And abandon disputation and harming the servant. Let the dignity of fasting be upon you, and do not make the day of your fast like the day when you are not fasting.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَ غَيْرِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» لاَ تُنْشِدِ اَلشِّعْرَ بِلَيْلٍ وَ لاَ تُنْشِدْ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِلَيْلٍ وَ لاَ نَهَارٍ« فَقَالَ لَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ يَا أَبَتَاهْ فَإِنَّهُ فِينَا قَالَ» وَ إِنْ كَانَ فِينَا«.

And from him, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hammad ibn Uthman and others, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him,: Imam (a.s) said: “Do not recite poetry at night, and do not recite (poetry) in the month of Ramadan, by night or by day.” So Ismail said to Imam (a.s): “O my father, even if it is concerning us?” Imam (a.s) said: “Even if it is concerning us.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنِ اَلْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:» إِذَا صَامَ أَحَدُكُمُ اَلثَّلاَثَةَ اَلْأَيَّامِ فِي اَلشَّهْرِ فَلاَ يُجَادِلَنَّ أَحَداً وَ لاَ يَجْهَلْ وَ لاَ يُسْرِعْ إِلَى اَلْأَيْمَانِ وَاَلْحَلْفِ بِاللَّهِ وَ إِنْ جَهِلَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ فَلْيَتَحَمَّلْ«.

And from him, from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from Abu Ayyub, from al-Fudayl ibn Yasar, who said: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: “When one of you fasts the three days in the month, then he must not dispute with anyone, nor act ignorantly, nor hasten to oaths and swearing by Allah (swt). And if anyone acts ignorantly toward him, then let him bear it patiently.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ:» يُكْرَهُ رِوَايَةُ اَلشِّعْرِ لِلصَّائِمِ وَلِلْمُحْرِمِ وَ فِي اَلْحَرَمِ وَ فِي يَوْمِ اَلْجُمُعَةِ وَ أَنْ يُرْوَى بِاللَّيْلِ« قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ شِعْرَ حَقٍّ قَالَ» وَ إِنْ كَانَ شِعْرَ حَقٍّ«.

And from him, from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Hammad ibn Uthman, who said: I (narrator) heard Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, saying: “The narration of poetry is disliked for the fasting person, for the one in ihram, in the Sacred Precinct (al-haram), on Friday (Jumuah), and that it be narrated at night.” He (narrator) said: “I asked, ‘Even if it is poetry of truth?’” Imam (a.s) said: “Even if it is poetry of truth.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ:» إِنَّ اَللَّهَ كَرِهَ لِي سِتَّ خِصَالٍ وَكَرِهْتُهُنَّ لِلْأَوْصِيَاءِ مِنْ وُلْدِي وَ أَتْبَاعِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِيَ اَلرَّفَثَ فِي اَلصَّوْمِ«.

Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Hasan ibn Musa, from Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim, from Ishaq ibn Ammar, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: The Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, said: “Indeed, Allah (swt) disliked six qualities for Me (saws), and I (saws) disliked them for the successors from my children (the Imams (a.s)) and their followers (Shi’ah) after me; it is ‘obscene speech during fasting.’”