Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَمْرٍو اَلشَّامِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: » »إِنَّ عِدَّةَ اَلشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللهَِ اِثْنٰا عَشَرَ شَهْراً فِي كِتٰابِ اللهَِ « عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ »يَوْمَ خَلَقَ اَلسَّمٰاوٰاتِ وَ اَلْأَرْضَ« فَغُرَّةُ اَلشُّهُورِ شَهْرُ اَللَّهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَقَلْبُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَيْلَةُ اَلْقَدْرِ وَ نَزَلَ اَلْقُرْآنُ فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَاسْتَقْبِلِ اَلشَّهْرَ بِالْقُرْآنِ«.

Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Abdullah ibn al-Mughirah, from Amr al-Shami, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “‘Indeed, the number of months with Allah (swt) is twelve months in the Book of Allah (swt),’ Allah (swt) says, ‘On the day He (swt) created the heavens and the earth.’ So the first of the months is the month of Allah (swt), the month of Ramadan, And the heart of the month of Ramadan is the Night of Decree (Laylat al-Qadr), And the Quran was sent down on the first night of the month of Ramadan, so receive the month (of Ramadan) with the Quran.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنِ اَلْمِسْمَعِيِّ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يُوصِي وُلْدَهُ» إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَأَجْهِدُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَإِنَّ فِيهِ تُقَسَّمُ اَلْأَرْزَاقُ وَتُكْتَبُ اَلْآجَالُ وَ فِيهِ يُكْتَبُ وَفْدُ اَللَّهِ اَلَّذِينَ يَفِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَ فِيهِ لَيْلَةٌ اَلْعَمَلُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ اَلْعَمَلِ فِي أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ«.

And from him, from Ahmad ibn Idris, from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar, from Safwan, from Ishaq ibn Ammar, from al-Mismai: He (narrator) heard Abu Abdillah (a.s) advising his children: “When the month of Ramadan enters, then exert yourselves, for in it provisions are apportioned, lifespans are written, and in it the delegation of Allah (swt) who come to Him (swt) are written. In it is a night (Al-Qadr) in which action is better than action in a thousand months.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ اَلْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» مَنْ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ إِلَى قَابِلٍ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ عَرَفَةَ«.

And from him, from Muhammad ibn Ismail, from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hisham ibn al-Hakam, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam (a.s) said: “Whoever is not forgiven in the month of Ramadan will not be forgiven until the next year, unless he witnesses Arafah.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِاَللَّهِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ:» لَمَّا حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَذَلِكَ فِي ثَلاَثٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ قَالَ لِبِلاَلٍ نَادِ فِي اَلنَّاسِ فَجَمَعَ اَلنَّاسَ ثُمَّ صَعِدَ اَلْمِنْبَرَ فَحَمِدَ اَللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ» أَيُّهَا اَلنَّاسُ إِنَّ هَذَا اَلشَّهْرَ قَدْ خَصَّكُمُ اَللَّهُ بِهِ وَ هُوَ سَيِّدُ اَلشُّهُورِ لَيْلَةٌ فِيهِ» خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ« تُغْلَقُ فِيهِ أَبْوَابُ اَلنَّارِ وَ تُفَتَّحُ فِيهِ أَبْوَابُ اَلْجِنَانِ فَمَنْ أَدْرَكَهُ وَ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فَأَبْعَدَهُ اَللَّهُ وَ مَنْ أَدْرَكَ وَالِدَيْهِ وَ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فَأَبْعَدَهُ اَللَّهُ وَ مَنْ ذُكِرْتُ عِنْدَهُ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيَّ فَأَبْعَدَهُ اَللَّهُ««.

From him, from a number of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Said, from Fadalah ibn Ayyub, from Sayf ibn Amirah, from Abdullah ibn Ubaydullah, from a man, from Abu Ja’far (a.s): The Messenger of Allah (swt), said ‘when the month of Ramadan approached, and that was when three days remained from Shaban’, The Prophet (saws) said to Bilal: ‘Call out among the people.’ So Bilal gathered the people. The Prophet (saws) ascended the pulpit, praised Allah (swt) and extolled Him (swt), then said, “O people, indeed Allah (swt) has singled you out with this month (of Ramadan), and it is the master of the months. A night (Laylat al-Qadr) within it is better than a thousand months. In it the gates of the Fire are closed, and in it the gates of the gardens are opened. So whoever reaches this month and is not forgiven, may Allah (swt) distance him. And whoever reaches his parents and is not forgiven, may Allah (swt) distance him. And whoever I (saws) am mentioned before and does not send blessings upon Me (saws), may Allah (swt) distance him (from his mercy).’”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ يُقْبِلُ بِوَجْهِهِ إِلَى اَلنَّاسِ فَيَقُولُ» يَا مَعْشَرَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ إِذَا طَلَعَ هِلاَلُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ غُلَّتْ مَرَدَةُ اَلشَّيَاطِينِ وَ فُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُ اَلسَّمَاءِ وَ أَبْوَابُ اَلرَّحْمَةِ وَغُلِّقَتْ أَبْوَابُ اَلنَّارِ وَاُسْتُجِيبَ اَلدُّعَاءُ وَ كَانَ لِلَّهِ فِيهِ عِنْدَ كُلِّ فِطْرٍ عُتَقَاءُ يُعْتِقُهُمْ مِنَ اَلنَّارِ وَ يُنَادِي مُنَادٍ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ هَلْ مِنْ سَائِلٍ هَلْ مِنْ مُسْتَغْفِرٍ اَللَّهُمَّ أَعْطِ كُلَّ مُنْفِقٍ خَلَفاً وَ أَعْطِ كُلَّ مُمْسِكٍ تَلَفاً حَتَّى إِذَا طَلَعَ هِلاَلُ شَوَّالٍ نُودِيَ اَلْمُؤْمِنُونَ أَنِ اُغْدُوا إِلَى جَوَائِزِكُمْ فَهُوَ يَوْمُ اَلْجَائِزَةِ«« ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ »أَمَا وَ اَلَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا هِيَ بِجَائِزَةِ اَلدَّنَانِيرِ وَ اَلدَّرَاهِمِ«.

And from him, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Idris, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Said, from al-Husayn ibn Ulwan, from Amr ibn Shimr, from Jabir, from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “The Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, would turn his face toward the people and say, ‘O assembly of Muslims, when the crescent of the month of Ramadan rises; The rebellious devils are shackled, The gates of the heaven and the gates of mercy are opened, The gates of the Fire are closed, Supplication is answered, And Allah (swt) has, at every breaking of the fast within it, freed ones whom Allah (swt) frees from the Fire. And a caller calls out every night: ‘Is there any asker? Is there any seeker of forgiveness? O Allah (swt), give every spender a replacement, and give every withholder destruction.’ Then when the crescent of Shawwal rises, the believers are called: ‘Go early to your rewards, for it is the Day of Reward.’” Then Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, said: “Indeed, by the One (swt) in Whose hand (power) is my soul, it is not a reward of dinars and dirhams.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ:» إِنَّ لِلَّهِ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عُتَقَاءَ وَطُلَقَاءَ مِنَ اَلنَّارِ إِلاَّ مَنْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى مُسْكِرٍ فَإِذَا كَانَ فِي آخِرِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ أَعْتَقَ فِيهَا مِثْلَ مَا أَعْتَقَ فِي جَمِيعِهِ«.

And from him, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Jamil ibn Salih, from Muhammad ibn Marwan, who said: I (narrator) heard Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, saying: “Indeed, Allah (swt) has, on every night of the month of Ramadan, freed ones and released ones from the Fire, except for one who breaks the fast upon an intoxicant. Then when it is the last night of it (month of Ramadan), Allah (swt) frees therein the like of what Allah (swt) freed throughout all of it (month of Ramadan).”

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» نَزَلَتِ اَلتَّوْرَاةُ فِي سِتٍّ مَضَيْنَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ نَزَلَ اَلْإِنْجِيلُ فِي اِثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ مَضَتْ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ نَزَلَ اَلزَّبُورُ فِي ثَمَانِي عَشْرَةَ مَضَتْ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ نَزَلَ اَلْفُرْقَانُ» فِي لَيْلَةِ اَلْقَدْرِ««.

Al-Husayn ibn Said, from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, from Ali, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam (a.s) said: “The Torah was sent down after ‘six’ had passed from the month of Ramadan, And the Gospel was sent down after ‘twelve’ had passed from the month of Ramadan, And the Psalms were sent down after ‘eighteen’ had passed from the month of Ramadan, And the Furqan (Quran) was sent down ‘on the Night of Decree (Laylat al-Qadr).’”