رُوِيَ عَنِ اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:» اَلْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ«.
It has been narrated from the Prophet (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, that the Prophet (saws) said: “Actions are according to intentions.”
وَ رُوِيَ بِلَفْظٍ آخَرَ وَ هُوَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:» إِنَّمَا اَلْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ وَ لِكُلِّ اِمْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى«.
And it has been narrated with another wording, which is that the Prophet (saws) said: “Actions are only according to intentions, and for every person is what he intended.”
وَ رُوِيَ عَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:» لاَ قَوْلَ إِلاَّ بِعَمَلٍ وَ لاَ عَمَلَ إِلاَّ بِنِيَّةٍ وَ لاَ نِيَّةَ إِلاَّ بِإِصَابَةِ اَلسُّنَّةِ«.
And it has been narrated from Imam al-Ridha (a.s), peace be upon him, that Imam (a.s) said: “There is no statement except with action, and no action except with intention, and no intention except by conforming to the Sunnah.”
اَلْحُسَيْنُ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلصَّائِمِ اَلْمُتَطَوِّعِ تَعْرِضُ لَهُ اَلْحَاجَةُ قَالَ» هُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ اَلْعَصْرِ وَ إِنْ مَكَثَ حَتَّى اَلْعَصْرِ ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ نَوَى ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ ذَلِكَ اَلْيَوْمَ إِنْ شَاءَ«.
Al-Husayn, from Fadalah, from al-Husayn ibn Uthman, from Samaah, from Abu Basir, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘the voluntary fasting person when a need arises for him.’ Imam (a.s) said: “He has the choice between himself and the afternoon prayer (Asr), and if he remains until the afternoon prayer (Asr), then it appears to him that he should fast, while he had not intended that, then he may fast that day if he wishes.”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ اَلْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَقْضِي رَمَضَانَ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ بَعْدَ مَا يُصْبِحُ قَبْلَ اَلزَّوَالِ إِذَا بَدَا لَهُ فَقَالَ» إِذَا كَانَ نَوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ اَللَّيْلِ وَ كَانَ مِنْ قَضَاءِ رَمَضَانَ فَلاَ يُفْطِرْ وَ يُتِمُّ صَوْمَهُ« قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَبْدُو لَهُ بَعْدَ مَا يُصْبِحُ وَيَرْتَفِعُ اَلنَّهَارُ أَنْ يَصُومَ ذَلِكَ اَلْيَوْمَ وَ يَقْضِيَهُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ نَوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ اَللَّيْلِ قَالَ» نَعَمْ يَصُومُهُ وَ يَعْتَدُّ بِهِ إِذَا لَمْ يُحْدِثْ شَيْئاً«.
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Safwan, from Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj, who said: I (narrator) asked him about ‘a man who makes up (fasts of the month of) Ramadan. Does he have the right to break the fast after he enters the morning, before midday (al-zawal), if it occurs to him?’ So he said: “If he had intended that from the night, and it was from the makeup of (month of) Ramadan, then he must not break the fast, and he must complete his fast.” He (narrator) said: “And I asked him about ‘a man to whom it occurs, after he enters the morning and the day rises, to fast that day and make it up from (month of) Ramadan, even though he had not intended that from the night.’” He said, “Yes, he fasts it and counts it, provided that he has not brought about anything (that invalidates the fast).”
عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ جَعَلَ لِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ صِيَامَ شَهْرٍ فَيُصْبِحُ وَ هُوَ يَنْوِي اَلصَّوْمَ ثُمَّ يَبْدُو لَهُ فَيُفْطِرُ وَ يُصْبِحُ وَ هُوَ لاَ يَنْوِي اَلصَّوْمَ فَيَبْدُو لَهُ فَيَصُومُ فَقَالَ» هَذَا كُلُّهُ جَائِزٌ«.
From him, from Ahmad, from al-Husayn, from Fadalah, from Salih ibn Abdullah, from Abu Ibrahim (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) said to Imam (a.s): “A man has made it binding upon himself for Allah (swt) to fast a month, so he enters the morning while intending to fast, then it occurs to him and he breaks the fast; and he enters the morning while not intending to fast, then it occurs to him and he fasts.” Imam (a.s) said: “All of this is permissible.”
عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ اَلنَّضْرِ عَنِ اِبْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» مَنْ أَصْبَحَ وَ هُوَ يُرِيدُ اَلصِّيَامَ ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ نِصْفِ اَلنَّهَارِ ثُمَّ يَقْضِي ذَلِكَ اَلْيَوْمَ فَإِنْ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ بَعْدَ مَا اِرْتَفَعَ اَلنَّهَارُ فَلْيَصُمْ فَإِنَّهُ يُحْسَبُ لَهُ مِنَ اَلسَّاعَةِ اَلَّتِي نَوَى فِيهَا«.
From him, from al-Husayn, from al-Nadr, from Ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “Whoever enters the morning while intending to fast, then it occurs to him to break the fast, he may break the fast between himself and the middle of the day. Then he makes up that day. But if it occurs to him to fast after the day has risen, then let him fast, for it is counted for him from the hour in which he intended it.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:» إِذَا لَمْ يَفْرِضِ اَلرَّجُلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ صِيَاماً ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ اَلصِّيَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطْعَمَ طَعَاماً أَوْ يَشْرَبَ شَرَاباً وَ لَمْ يُفْطِرْ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ«.
And from him, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn Isa, from Yusuf ibn Aqil, from Muhammad ibn Qays, from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam Ali (a.s), peace be upon him, said: “If a man has not made fasting obligatory upon himself, then he remembers fasting before eating any food or drinking any drink, and he has not broken the fast, then he has the choice; if he wishes, he may fast, and if he wishes, he may break the fast.”
عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلسِّنْدِيِّ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ اَلْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُصْبِحُ وَ لَمْ يَطْعَمْ وَ لَمْ يَشْرَبْ وَ لَمْ يَنْوِ صَوْماً وَ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمٌ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ ذَلِكَ اَلْيَوْمَ وَ قَدْ ذَهَبَ عَامَّةُ اَلنَّهَارِ فَقَالَ» نَعَمْ لَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ وَ يَعْتَدَّ بِهِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ«.
From him, from Ali ibn al-Sindi, from Safwan, from Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu al-Hasan Musa (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘a man who enters the morning and has not eaten, has not drunk, and has not intended a fast, while he has upon him a day from the month of Ramadan. Does he have the right to fast that day when most of the day has already passed?’ Imam (a.s) said: “Yes, he may fast and count it as from the month of Ramadan.”
عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي قَوْلِهِ اَلصَّائِمُ بِالْخِيَارِ إِلَى زَوَالِ اَلشَّمْسِ قَالَ» إِنَّ ذَلِكَ فِي اَلْفَرِيضَةِ وَ أَمَّا اَلنَّافِلَةُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ أَيَّ وَقْتٍ شَاءَ إِلَى غُرُوبِ اَلشَّمْسِ«.
From him, from al-Abbas ibn Maruf, from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from Ammar ibn Marwan, from Samaah, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: (Imam (a.s) was asked) concerning the his saying, ‘The fasting person has the choice until the declining of the sun (zawal al-shams).’ Imam (a.s) said: “That is in the obligatory fast. As for the supererogatory fast, he may break the fast at any time he wishes until the setting of the sun.”
اَلصَّفَّارُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ يُصْبِحُ وَلاَ يَنْوِي اَلصَّوْمَ فَإِذَا تَعَالَى اَلنَّهَارُ حَدَثَ لَهُ رَأْيٌ فِي اَلصَّوْمِ فَقَالَ» إِنْ هُوَ نَوَى اَلصَّوْمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَزُولَ اَلشَّمْسُ حُسِبَ لَهُ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ وَ إِنْ نَوَاهُ بَعْدَ اَلزَّوَالِ حُسِبَ لَهُ مِنَ اَلْوَقْتِ اَلَّذِي نَوَى«.
Al-Saffar, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn al-Hakam, from Hisham ibn Salim, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) said to Imam (a.s): “A man enters the morning and does not intend to fast. Then when the day rises high, an opinion occurs to him regarding fasting.” Imam (a.s) said: “If he intends the fast before the sun declines, it is counted for him from his day, and if he intends it after the decline, it is counted for him from the time in which he intended.”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ اَلْقَضَاءُ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ يُصْبِحُ فَلاَ يَأْكُلُ إِلَى اَلْعَصْرِ أَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ قَضَاءً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ» نَعَمْ«.
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Yaqub ibn Yazid, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, from one whom he mentioned, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) said to Imam (a.s): “A man has upon him makeup from the month of Ramadan, and he enters the morning and does not eat until the afternoon prayer. Is it permissible for him to make it makeup from the month of Ramadan?” Imam (a.s) said: “Yes.”
محمد بن علي بن محبوب عن معاوية بن حكيم عن صفوان عن عبد الرحمن بن الحجاج قال: سألت ابا الحسن موسى عليه السلام عن الرجل يصبح ولم يطعم ولم يشرب ولم ينو صوما وكان عليه يوم من شهر رمضان أله ان يصوم ذلك اليوم وقد ذهب عامة النهار؟ فقال: نعم له أن يصومه ويعتد به من شهر رمضان
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Muawiyah ibn Hakim, from Safwan, from Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu al-Hasan Musa (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘a man who enters the morning without having eaten or drunk, and without having intended a fast, while he owes a day from the month of Ramadan. May he fast that day when most of the day has already passed?’ Imam (a.s) said: “Yes, he may fast it and count it as being from the month of Ramadan.”
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْبَرْقِيِّ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَدْخُلُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَ يَقُولُ» عِنْدَكُمْ شَيْءٌ وَ إِلاَّ صُمْتُ« فَإِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُمْ شَيْءٌ أَتَوْهُ بِهِ وَ إِلاَّ صَامَ«.
Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Barqi, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hisham ibn Salim, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “The Commander of the Faithful (a.s), peace be upon him, would enter upon his family and say, ‘Do you have anything (to eat)? Otherwise, I will fast.’ If they had anything (to eat), they would bring it to him, and otherwise, Imam Ali (a.s) would fast.”
أحمد بن محمد عن علي بن الحكم عن هشام بن سالم عن ابي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: قلت له الرجل يصبح لا ينوي الصوم فإذا تعالى النهار حدث له رأى في الصوم فقال: إن هو نوى الصوم قبل أن تزول الشمس حسب ل يومه وان نواه بعد الزوال حسب له من الوقت الذى نوى
Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Ali ibn al-Hakam, from Hisham ibn Salim, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) said to Imam (a.s): “A man enters the morning without intending the fast, then when the day rises, an opinion occurs to him regarding fasting.” Imam (a.s) said: “If he intends the fast before the sun passes the meridian, his day is counted for him; And if he intends it after the sun has passed the meridian, it is counted for him from the time at which he intended.”
إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ اَلْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْحَمِيدِ عَنْ عِيسَى قَالَ:» مَنْ بَاتَ وَ هُوَ يَنْوِي اَلصِّيَامَ مِنْ غَدٍ لَزِمَهُ ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ أَفْطَرَ فَعَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ وَ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ وَ لَمْ يَنْوِ اَلصِّيَامَ مِنَ اَللَّيْلِ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِلَى أَنْ تَزُولَ اَلشَّمْسُ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ فَإِنْ زَالَتِ اَلشَّمْسُ وَ لَمْ يَأْكُلْ فَلْيُتِمَّ اَلصَّوْمَ إِلَى اَللَّيْلِ«.
Ibrahim ibn Hashim, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Hammad al-Kufi, from Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Hamid, from Isa: Isa said: “Whoever spends the night while intending to fast the next day, that becomes binding upon him. Then if he breaks the fast, he must make it up. And whoever enters the morning and had not intended the fast from the night, then he has the choice until the sun declines; if he wishes, he may fast, and if he wishes, he may break the fast. Then if the sun declines and he has not eaten, then let him complete the fast until the night.”
فهذا الخبر محمول على ضرب من الاستحباب لان الاخبار الاولة دلت على أن له ان يفطر أي وقت شاء من غير قضاء، ويحتمل ان يكون ذلك مخصوصا بقضاء شهر رمضان فانه إذا افطر فيه بعد الزوال كان عليه قضاؤه مع الكفارة على ما سنبينه فيما بعد ان شاء الله تعالى.
This report is understood as referring to a form of recommendation, because the earlier reports indicated that he may break the fast at whatever time he wishes without making it up. It is also possible that this is specific to making up the month of Ramadan, for if he breaks the fast in it after the sun has passed the meridian, then he must make it up along with expiation (kaffarah), according to what we shall clarify later, if Allah (swt) the Exalted wills.
