Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُو لُ: »صَامَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ص حَتَّى قِيلَ مَا يُفْطِرُ ثُمَّ أَفْطَرَ حَتَّى قِيلَ مَ ا يَصُومُ ثُمَّ صَا مَ صَوْمَ دَ اوُدَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَوْ ماً وَ يَوْماً لاَ ثُمَّ قُبِضَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَى صِيَامِ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي اَلشَّهْرِ وَ قَالَ »يَعْدِلْنَ صَوْمَ اَلدَّهْرِ وَ يَذْهَبْنَ بِوَحَرِ اَلصَّدْرِ«« قَالَ حَمَّادٌ فَقُلْتُ فَمَا اَلْوَحَرُ فَقَالَ» اَلْوَحَرُ اَلْوَسْوَسَةُ« قَالَ حَمَّادٌ فَقُلْتُ أَيُّ اَلْأَيَّامِ هِيَ قَالَ» أَوَّلُ خَمِيسٍ فِي اَلشَّهْرِ وَ أَوَّلُ أَرْبِعَاءَ بَعْدَ اَلْعَشْرِ وَ آخِرُ خَمِيسٍ فِيهِ« فَقُلْتُ لِمَ صَارَتْ هَذِهِ اَلْأَيَّامُ اَلَّتِي تُصَامُ فَقَالَ »إِنَّ مَنْ قَبْلَنَا مِنَ اَلْأُمَمِ كَانَ إِذَ ا نَزَلَ عَلَى أَحَدِهِمُ اَلْعَذَابُ نَزَلَ فِي هَذِهِ اَلْأَيَّامِ اَلْمَخُوفَةِ«.

Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from al-Husayn ibn Muhammad, from Mualla ibn Muhammad, from al-Washsha, from Hammad ibn Uthman, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I heard Imam (a.s) saying: “The Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, fasted until it was said: 'he does not break the fast; (meaning that the blessed Prophet (saws) is always fasting) Then the Prophet (saws) broke the fast until it was said: ‘he does not fast’; (meaning that the blessed Prophet (saws) does not fast at all) Then the Prophet (saws) fasted the fast of Dawud (a.s), peace be upon him; one day and one day not; Then the Prophet (saws), peace be upon him, was taken (died) while upon fasting three days in the month.” And the Imam (a.s) said: “(fasting three days in a month) equal the fasting of the lifetime, and they remove the rancor (wahar) of the chest.” Hammad said: “So I asked: What is al-wahar?” Imam (a.s) said: “Al-wahar is whispering (al-waswasah).” Hammad said: “So I asked: ‘Which days are they?’” Imam (a.s) said: “The first Thursday in the month, and the first Wednesday after the tenth (of the month), and the last Thursday in it.” So I (narrator) replied: “Why did these become the days that are fasted?” Imam (a.s) said: “Indeed, those before us from the nations, when punishment descended upon one of them, it descended on these feared days.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلصِّيَامِ فِي اَلشَّهْرِ كَيْفَ هُوَ فَقَالَ» ثَلاَثٌ فِي اَلشَّهْرِ فِي كُلِّ عَشْرٍ يَوْمٌ إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّوَجَلَّ يَقُولُ» مَنْ جٰاءَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ عَشْرُ أَمْثٰالِهٰا« وَ ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ فِي اَلشَّهْرِ صَوْمُ اَلدَّهْرِ«.

And from him, from a number of our companions, from Sahl ibn Ziyad, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu al-Hasan (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘fasting in the month, how is it done?’ Imam (a.s) said: “Three in the month, one day in every ten. Indeed, Allah (swt), Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘Whoever comes with a good deed, then for him is ten like it’. (Surah Al-An'am 6:160) And thus three days in the month is (as if) fasting perpetually.’” – meaning fasting for the whole thirty days of the month.

سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْجَوْهَرِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ صَوْمِ اَلسُّنَّةِ فَقَالَ» صِيَامُ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ اَلْخَمِيسِ وَ اَلْأَرْبِعَاءِ وَ اَلْخَمِيسِ يَذْهَبْنَ بِبَلاَبِلِ اَلْقَلْبِ وَ وَحَرِ اَلصَّدْرِ اَلْخَمِيسِ وَ اَلْأَرْبِعَاءِ وَ اَلْخَمِيسِ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ اَلْإِثْنَيْنَ وَاَلْأَرْبِعَاءَ وَاَلْخَمِيسَ وَإِنْ صَامَ فِي كُلِّ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ يَوْماً فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ ثَلاَثُونَ حَسَنَةً وَإِنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَزِيدَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَلْيَزِدْ«.

Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa, from al-Husayn ibn Said, from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Jawhari, from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah, from Abu Basir, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘the fast of the Sunnah.’ Imam (a.s) said: “Fasting three days from every month: (first) Thursday, Wednesday (after the tenth), and (last)Thursday; of the month. They remove the anxieties of the heart and the burning rancor of the chest (wahar al-sadr): Thursday, Wednesday, and Thursday. And if he wishes, (he can also fast) Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday. And if he fasts one day in every ten days, then that is thirty good deeds. And if he loves to increase beyond that, then let him increase.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ عَنْ زِيَادٍ اَلْقَنْدِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:» إِذَا كَانَ فِي أَوَّلِ اَلشَّهْرِ خَمِيسَانِ فَصُمْ أَوَّلَهُمَا فَإِنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ وَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي آخِرِهِ خَمِيسَانِ فَصُمْ آخِرَهُمَا فَإِنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ«.

Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from al-Husayn ibn Muhammad, from Muhammad ibn Imran, from Ziyad al-Qandi, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who said: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said to me: “If there are two Thursdays at the beginning of the month, then fast the first of them, for it is better. And if there are two Thursdays at its end, then fast the last of them, for it is better.”

وَ اَلَّذِي رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ اَلْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ صَوْمِ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي اَلشَّهْرِ فَقَالَ» فِي كُلِّ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ يَوْمٌ خَمِيسٌ وَ أَرْبِعَاءُ وَ خَمِيسٌ وَ اَلشَّهْرِ اَلَّذِي يَلِيهِ أَرْبِعَاءُ وَ خَمِيسٌ وَ أَرْبِعَاءُ«.

And that which Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya narrated, from al-Husayn ibn Muhammad, from Imran al-Ashari, from Zurah, from Samaah, from Abu Basir, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam (a.s) about ‘fasting three days in the month.’ Imam (a.s) said: “In every ten days, one day: (first) Thursday, Wednesday (after the tenth), and (last) Thursday; And the month that follows it: Wednesday, Thursday, and Wednesday.”

فليس بمناف لما قدمناه من الاخبار لان الانسان مخير ان يصوم اربعاء بين خميسين أو خميسا بين اربعائين، وعلى ايهما عمل فليس عليه شئ، لان الاصل في هذا الصوم التنفل والتطوع فكيف في ترتيبه، والذي يدل على ما ذكرناه ما رواه:

It is not contrary to the reports we have previously presented, because a person has the choice to fast a Wednesday between two Thursdays, or a Thursday between two Wednesdays. Whichever of the two he acts upon, there is nothing upon him, because the basis of this fast is supererogation (tanafful) and voluntary devotion (tatawwu), so how then regarding its arrangement? What indicates what we have mentioned is what he narrated (in the following hadith):

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ اَلْمَدَائِنِيِّ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلصِّيَامِ فَقَالَ» ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ فِي اَلشَّهْرِ اَلْأَرْبِعَاءُ وَ اَلْخَمِيسُ وَ اَلْجُمُعَةُ« فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ أَصْحَابَنَا يَصُومُونَ أَرْبِعَاءَ بَيْنَ خَمِيسَيْنِ فَقَالَ» لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ وَ لاَ بَأْسَ بِخَمِيسٍ بَيْنَ أَرْبِعَاءَيْنِ«.

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya, from Musa ibn Jafar al-Madaini, from Ibrahim ibn Ismail ibn Dawud, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam al-Ridha (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘fasting.’ Imam (a.s) said: “Three days in the month: Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday.” So I (narrator) asked: “Our companions fast a Wednesday between two Thursdays.” – meaning the first and the last Thursday of the month. Imam (a.s) said: “There is no problem with that, And there is no problem with a Thursday between two Wednesdays.” – meaning the first and the last Wednesday of the month.