قال الشيخ رحمه الله:) والخمس لله ولرسوله ولقرابة الرسول ص وايتام آل الرسول ومساكينهم وابناء سبيلهم(
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) bless him said: “The one-fifth levy (khums) belongs to Allah (swt), to His Messenger (saws), to the relatives of Messenger (saws), to the orphans of the family of the Messenger (saws), to their poor, and to their wayfarers.”
سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ مُسْكَانَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ مَالِكٍ اَلْجُعْفِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ» وَاِعْلَمُوا أَنَّمٰا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلّٰهِ خُمُسَهُ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ وَ لِذِي اَلْقُرْبىٰ وَ اَلْيَتٰامىٰ وَ اَلْمَسٰاكِينِ وَ اِبْنِ اَلسَّبِيلِ« فَقَالَ» أَمَّا خُمُسُ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَلِلرَّسُولِ يَضَعُهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ وَأَمَّا خُمُسُ اَلرَّسُولِ فَلِأَقَارِبِهِ وَخُمُسُ ذَوِي اَلْقُرْبَى فَهُمْ أَقْرِبَاؤُهُ وَاَلْيَتَامَى يَتَامَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ فَجَعَلَ هَذِهِ اَلْأَرْبَعَةَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَسْهُمٍ فِيهِمْ وَ أَمَّا اَلْمَسَاكِينُ وَ اِبْنُ اَلسَّبِيلِ فَقَدْ عَرَفْتَ أَنَّا لاَ نَأْكُلُ اَلصَّدَقَةَ وَ لاَ تَحِلُّ لَنَا فَهِيَ لِلْمَسَاكِينِ وَ أَبْنَاءِ اَلسَّبِيلِ«.
Sa'd ibn Abdullah, from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar, from Safwan ibn Yahya, from Abdullah ibn Muskan, who said: Zakariyya ibn Malik al-Ju'fi narrated to us, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: He (narrator) asked Imam (a.s) about ‘the saying of Allah (swt), Mighty and Majestic: ‘Whatever thing you gain, then indeed for Allah (swt) is its fifth, and for Messenger (saws), and for the near relative, and the orphans, and the needy, and the wayfarer.’ (Surah Al-Anfal 8:41) Imam (a.s) said: "As for the fifth of Allah (swt), the Majestic, it is for the Messenger (saws); he places it in the way of Allah (swt). As for the ‘fifth of the Messenger (saws)’, it is for His (saws) relatives. And the ‘fifth of those of near kin’, they are His (saws) relatives. And the ‘orphans’ are the orphans of the people of His (saws) household. So the Prophet (saws) made these four into four shares among them. As for the needy and the wayfarer, you already know that we (Ahlul Bayt (a.s)) do not eat charity, and it is not lawful for us, so it is for the needy and the wayfarers."
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ تَعَالَى» وَاِعْلَمُوا أَنَّمٰا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلّٰهِ خُمُسَهُ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ وَ لِذِي اَلْقُرْبىٰ وَ اَلْيَتٰامىٰ وَاَلْمَسٰاكِينِ وَاِبْنِ اَلسَّبِيلِ« قَالَ» خُمُسُ اَللَّهِ وَخُمُسُ اَلرَّسُولِ لِلْإِمَامِ وَخُمُسُ ذِي اَلْقُرْبَى لِقَرَابَةِ اَلرَّسُولِ وَ اَلْإِمَامِ وَ اَلْيَتَامَى يَتَامَى آلِ اَلرَّسُولِ وَ اَلْمَسَاكِينُ مِنْهُمْ وَ أَبْنَاءُ اَلسَّبِيلِ مِنْهُمْ فَلاَ يُخْرَجُ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى غَيْرِهِمْ«.
And from him, from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal, from his father, from Abdullah ibn Bukayr, from some of his companions, from one of the two Imams (a.s), peace be upon them: (Imam (a.s) was asked) regarding the saying of Allah (swt), Exalted is He (swt): ‘And know that whatever thing you gain, then indeed for Allah (swt) is its fifth, and for the Messenger (saws), and for the near relative, and the orphans, and the needy, and the wayfarer.’ (Surah Al-Anfal 8:41) Imam (a.s) said: "The fifth of Allah (swt) and the fifth of the Messenger (saws) are for the Imam (a.s), And the fifth of ‘near relative’ is for the relatives of Messenger (saws) and the Imam (a.s), And the ‘orphans’ are the orphans of the family of the Messenger (saws), And the ‘needy’ are from them, and the ‘wayfarers’ are from them, so it is not taken out from them to others."
عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ اَلزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ اَلْهِلاَلِيِّ عَنْ أَمِيرِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ كَلاَماً كَثِيراً ثُمَّ قَالَ:» وَ أَعْطِهِمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ سَهْمَ ذِي اَلْقُرْبَى قَالَ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى» إِنْ كُنْتُمْ آمَنْتُمْ بِاللّٰهِ وَ مٰا أَنْزَلْنٰا عَلىٰ عَبْدِنٰا يَوْمَ اَلْفُرْقٰانِ يَوْمَ اِلْتَقَى اَلْجَمْعٰانِ« نَحْنُ وَ اَللَّهِ عُنِيَ بِذِي اَلْقُرْبَى وَ هُمُ اَلَّذِينَ قَرَنَهُمُ اَللَّهُ بِنَفْسِهِ وَبِنَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ فَقَالَ» فَأَنَّ لِلّٰهِ خُمُسَهُ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ وَ لِذِي اَلْقُرْبىٰ وَ اَلْيَتٰامىٰ وَ اَلْمَسٰاكِينِ وَ اِبْنِ اَلسَّبِيلِ« مِنَّا خَاصَّةً وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَنَا فِي سَهْمِ اَلصَّدَقَةِ نَصِيباً أَكْرَمَ اَللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ وَ أَكْرَمَنَا أَنْ يُطْعِمَنَا أَوْسَاخَ أَيْدِي اَلنَّاسِ«.
Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Faddal, from Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Za'farani, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Umar ibn Udhaynah, from Aban ibn Abi Ayyash, from Sulaym ibn Qays al-Hilali, from the Commander of the Believers (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) heard Imam Ali (a.s) speaking many words, then Imam (a.s) said: "And give them, from all of that, the share of the near relative. Allah (swt), the Exalted, said: ‘If you have believed in Allah (swt) and what We revealed to Our servant on that decisive day when the two armies met (at Badr).’ (Surah Al-Anfal 8:41) We (Ahlul Bayt (a.s)), by Allah (swt), are those meant by the ‘near relative’, and they are those whom Allah (swt) joined with Himself (swt) and with His blessed Prophet (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family.” Then Imam (a.s) said: “Then indeed, for Allah (swt) is its fifth, and for the Messenger (saws), and for the near relative, and the orphans, and the needy, and the wayfarer, from us (Ahlul Bayt (a.s)) specifically. And Allah (swt) did not appoint for us (Ahlul Bayt (a.s)) any share in the share of charity. Allah (swt) honored His Prophet (saws) and honored us by keeping us away from being fed from the filth of what is in the people's hands.”
عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قَالَ لَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي اَلْبِلاَدِ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْكَ زَكَاةٌ فَقَالَ» لاَ وَ لَكِنْ نُفْضِلُ وَ نُعْطِي هَكَذَا« وَ سُئِلَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ تَعَالَى» وَاِعْلَمُوا أَنَّمٰا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلّٰهِ خُمُسَهُ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ وَ لِذِي اَلْقُرْبىٰ وَ اَلْيَتٰامىٰ وَ اَلْمَسٰاكِينِ« فَقِيلَ لَهُ فَمَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ فَلِمَنْ هُوَ قَالَ» لِلرَّسُولِ وَ مَا كَانَ لِلرَّسُولِ فَهُوَ لِلْإِمَامِ« فَقِيلَ لَهُ أَفَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ صِنْفٌ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ صِنْفٍ وَ صِنْفٌ أَقَلَّ مِنْ صِنْفٍ فَكَيْفَ نَصْنَعُ بِهِ فَقَالَ» ذَاكَ إِلَى اَلْإِمَامِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ كَيْفَ صَنَعَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ يُعْطِي عَلَى مَا يَرَى هُوَ كَذَلِكَ اَلْإِمَامُ«.
Ali ibn al-Hasan, from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, from Abu al-Hasan (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Ibrahim ibn Abi al-Bilad said to Imam (a.s): “Zakat has become obligatory upon you.” Imam (a.s) said: “No, rather, we give extra and we give in this manner.” And Imam (a.s), peace be upon him, was asked about ‘the saying of Allah (swt), the Exalted, ‘And know that whatever you gain of anything, then indeed, for Allah (swt) is one-fifth of it, and for the Messenger (saws), and for the near relative, and the orphans, and the needy.’ (Surah Al-Anfal 8:41) It was said to Imam (a.s): “Then that which belongs to Allah (swt), to whom does it go?” Imam (a.s) said: “It is for the Messenger (saws), and whatever belongs to the blessed Messenger (saws), then it belongs to the Imam (a.s).” It was said to Imam (a.s): “What is your view if one category is greater in number than another, while another category is fewer in number? How should it be dealt with?” Imam (a.s) said: “That is left to the Imam (a.s). Do you not see how the blessed Messenger of Allah (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, acted? The Prophet (saws) would only give according to what He (saws) deemed appropriate. The Imam (a.s) is likewise.”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا رَفَعَ اَلْحَدِيثَ قَالَ:» اَلْخُمُسُ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَشْيَاءَ مِنَ اَلْكُنُوزِ وَاَلْمَعَادِنِ وَاَلْغَوْصِ وَاَلْمَغْنَمِ اَلَّذِي يُقَاتَلُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَحْفَظِ اَلْخَامِسَ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ فَتْحٍ لَمْ يُقَاتَلْ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَمْ يُوجَفْ عَلَيْهِ بِ»خَيْلٍ وَ لاٰ رِكٰابٍ« إِلاَّ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَنَا يَأْتُونَهُ فَيُعَامِلُونَ عَلَيْهِ فَكَيْفَ مَا عَامَلَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ اَلنِّصْفُ أَوِ اَلثُّلُثُ أَوِ اَلرُّبُعُ أَوْ مَا كَانَ يُسْهَمُ لَهُ خَاصَّةً وَ لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ إِلاَّ مَا أَعْطَاهُ هُوَ مِنْهُ وَ بُطُونُ اَلْأَوْدِيَةِ وَ رُءُوسُ اَلْجِبَالِ وَ اَلْمَوَاتُ كُلُّهَا هِيَ لَهُ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى» يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ اَلْأَنْفٰالِ« أَنْ تُعْطِيَهُمْ مِنْهُ قَالَ» قُلِ اَلْأَنْفٰالُ لِلّٰهِ وَ اَلرَّسُولِ« وَ لَيْسَ هُوَ يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ اَلْأَنْفَالِ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنَ اَلْقُرَى وَمِيرَاثُ مَنْ لاَ وَارِثَ لَهُ فَهُوَ لَهُ خَاصَّةً وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ »مٰا أَفٰاءَ اللهَُ عَلىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْقُرىٰ« فَأَمَّا اَلْخُمُسُ فَيُقْسَمُ عَلَى سِتَّةِ أَسْهُمٍ سَهْمٌ لِلَّهِ وَ سَهْمٌ لِلرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَ سَهْمٌ لِذِي اَلْقُرْبَى وَ سَهْمٌ لِلْيَتَامَى وَ سَهْمٌ لِلْمَسَاكِينِ وَ سَهْمٌ لِأَبْنَاءِ اَلسَّبِيلِ فَالَّذِي لِلَّهِ وَ لِرَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ فَرَسُولُ اَللَّهِ أَحَقُّ بِهِ فَهُوَ لَهُ خَاصَّةً وَ اَلَّذِي لِلرَّسُولِ هُوَ لِذِي اَلْقُرْبَى وَ اَلْحُجَّةِ فِي زَمَانِهِ فَالنِّصْفُ لَهُ خَاصَّةً وَ اَلنِّصْفُ لِلْيَتَامَى وَ اَلْمَسَاكِينِ وَ أَبْنَاءِ اَلسَّبِيلِ مِنْ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلَّذِينَ لاَ تَحِلُّ لَهُمُ اَلصَّدَقَةُ وَلاَ اَلزَّكَاةُ عَوَّضَهُمُ اَللَّهُ مَكَانَ ذَلِكَ بِالْخُمُسِ فَهُوَ يُعْطِيهِمْ عَلَى قَدْرِ كِفَايَتِهِمْ فَإِنْ فَضَلَ مِنْهُمْ شَيْءٌ فَهُوَ لَهُ وَ إِنْ نَقَصَ عَنْهُمْ وَ لَمْ يَكْفِهِمْ أَتَمَّهُ لَهُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ كَمَا صَارَ لَهُ اَلْفَضْلُ كَذَلِكَ يَلْزَمُهُ اَلنُّقْصَانُ«.
Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, who said: Some of our companions narrated to us, raising the hadith, saying: “The fifth (khums) is taken from five things: treasures (kunuz), minerals (ma‘adin), diving (ghaws), the booty (maghnam) over which fighting takes place, and he did not remember the fifth (category). And whatever comes from a conquest over which fighting did not take place, and against which neither horses nor riding camels were driven forward, except that our companions come to him and make a transaction with him concerning it, then whatever he makes a transaction with them upon, whether half, or a third, or a quarter, or whatever share is assigned specifically to him, then no one has any right in it except what he gives from it. And the depths of valleys, the tops of mountains, and every dead land, they belong to him. And this is the saying of Allah (swt), the Exalted: ‘They ask you concerning the spoils (al-anfal),’ meaning that you should give them from it. (Surah Al-Anfal 8:1) He said: ‘Say: The spoils (al-anfal) belong to Allah (swt) and the Messenger (saws).’ And it is not: ‘They ask you about the spoils (al-anfal).’ And whatever belongs to the towns, and the inheritance of one who has no heir, then it belongs specifically to him. And this is the saying of Allah (swt), Mighty and Majestic: ‘As for gains granted by Allah (swt) to His Messenger (saws) from the people of (other) lands.’ (Surah Al-Hashr 59:7) As for the fifth (khums), it is divided into six shares: (Surah Al-Anfal 8:41) A share for Allah (swt), A share for the Messenger (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, A share for the near relative, A share for the orphans, A share for the needy, And a share for the sons of the road (wayfarers). So that which belongs to Allah (swt) and to the Messenger of Allah (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, the Messenger of Allah (saws) has the greatest right to it, and therefore it belongs specifically to him. And that which belongs to the Messenger (saws) belongs to the near relative and the proof (al-hujjah) in his time; therefore, half belongs specifically to him, meaning the Imam (a.s). And the other half is for the orphans, the needy, and the sons of the road (wayfarers) from the family of Muhammad (saws), peace be upon them, those for whom charity and zakat are not lawful. Allah (swt) compensated them, in place of that, with the fifth (khums), so he gives it to them according to the measure of their sufficiency. If anything remains after their needs have been met, then it belongs to him. And if it falls short for them and does not suffice them, he completes it for them from himself. Just as the surplus belongs to him, likewise the shortfall becomes binding upon him.”
