قال الشيخ رحمه الله:) ووقت وجوبها يوم العيد بعد الفجر منه قبل الصلاة( إلى آخر الباب
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “And the time of its obligation is the day of Eid after dawn, before the prayer,” until the end of the chapter.
اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ اَلْعِيصِ بْنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْفِطْرَةِ مَتَى هِيَ فَقَالَ» قَبْلَ اَلصَّلاَةِ يَوْمَ اَلْفِطْرِ« قُلْتُ فَإِنْ بَقِيَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ بَعْدَ اَلصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ» لاَ بَأْسَ نَحْنُ نُعْطِي عِيَالَنَا مِنْهُ ثُمَّ يَبْقَى فَنَقْسِمُهُ«.
Al-Husayn ibn Said, from Safwan, from al-Is ibn al-Qasim, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about ‘(zakat) al-fitrah, when is it due?’ Imam (a.s) said: “Before the prayer on the day of al-Fitr.” I (narrator) asked: “Then if something of it remains after the prayer?” Imam (a.s) said: “There is no harm. We give our dependents from it, then it remains, so we distribute it.”
وَعَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ اَلْحَضْرَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ تَعَالَى »قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكّٰى` وَ ذَكَرَ اِسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلّٰى« فَقَالَ» يَرُوحُ إِلَى اَلْجَبَّانَةِ فَيُصَلِّي«.
From him, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Hasan, from Abu Bakr al-Hadrami, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: (Imam (a.s) was asked) concerning the saying of Allah (swt), the Exalted: ‘Successful indeed are those who purify themselves, remember the Name of their Lord (azj), and pray.’ (Surah Al-A’la 87:14-15) Imam (a.s) said: “He goes to the open prayer-ground (al-jabbanah) and prays.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:» اَلْفِطْرَةُ إِنْ أَعْطَيْتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ إِلَى اَلْعِيدِ فَهِيَ فِطْرَةٌ وَ إِنْ كَانَ بَعْدَ مَا تَخْرُجُ إِلَى اَلْعِيدِ فَهِيَ صَدَقَةٌ«.
And from him, from Hammad, from Muawiyah ibn Ammar, from Ibrahim ibn Maymun, who said: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: Imam (a.s) said: “The Fitrah, if you give it before you go out to the Eid, then it is Fitrah; and if it is after you go out to the Eid, then it is charity.”
سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ وَ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ وَ اَلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ بُكَيْرٍ اِبْنَيْ أَعْيَنَ وَ اَلْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُمَا قَالاَ:» عَلَى اَلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ عَنْ كُلِّ مَنْ يَعُولُ مِنْ حُرٍّ وَ عَبْدٍ صَغِيرٍ وَ كَبِيرٍ يُعْطِي يَوْمَ اَلْفِطْرِ فَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ وَ هُوَ فِي سَعَةٍ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهَا فِي أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ يَدْخُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَى آخِرِهِ فَإِنْ أَعْطَى تَمْراً فَصَاعٌ لِكُلِّ رَأْسٍ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطِ تَمْراً فَنِصْفُ صَاعٍ لِكُلِّ رَأْسٍ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ أَوْ شَعِيرٍ وَ اَلْحِنْطَةُ وَ اَلشَّعِيرُ سَوَاءٌ مَا أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُ اَلْحِنْطَةُ فَالشَّعِيرُ يُجْزِي«.
Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Said, and Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Najran, and al-Abbas ibn Maruf, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Umar ibn Udhaynah, from Zurarah and Bukayr, the two sons of Ayan, and al-Fudayl ibn Yasar, and Muhammad ibn Muslim, and Burayd ibn Muawiyah, from Abu Ja’far (a.s) and Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon them both, said: Imams (a.s) said: “It is upon a man to give on behalf of everyone whom he supports, from free person and slave, young and old. He gives on the Day of Fitr, and that is better, and he has leeway to give it from the first day that enters in the month of Ramadan until its end. So if he gives dates, then it is one sa’ for every head; and if he does not give dates, then half a sa’ for every head of wheat or barley. Wheat and barley are the same; whatever wheat suffices for, barley suffices.”
فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي اَلْخَطَّابِ عَنْ ذُبْيَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ عَنِ اَلْحَارِثِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» لاَ بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تُؤَخِّرَ اَلْفِطْرَةَ إِلَى هِلاَلِ ذِي اَلْقَعْدَةِ«.
As for what Sa’ad ibn Abdullah narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn Abi al-Khattab, from Dhibyan ibn Hakim, from al-Harith, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: “There is no harm in delaying the Fitrah until the crescent of Dhu al-Qadah.”
فمحمول على انه إذا لم يجد لها مستحقا لا بأس بأن يؤخرها لكنه يجب عليه أن يعزلها من ماله ويميزها في وقتها ويعطي المستحق وقت تمكنه من ذلك، يبين ذلك ما رواه:
Thus, it is to be understood as meaning that if he does not find a deserving recipient for it, there is no harm in delaying it. However, he must set it aside from his wealth and distinguish it at its time, and give it to the deserving recipient when he is able to do that. What makes that clear is what was narrated (in the following hadith):
عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ :»فِي اَلْفِطْرَةِ إِذَا عَزَلْتَهَا وَ أَنْتَ تَطْلُبُ بِهَا اَلْمَوْضِعَ أَوْ تَنْتَظِرُ بِهَا رَجُلاً فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ«.
Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Faddal, from Yaqub ibn Yazid, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from some of our companions, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam (a.s) said: “Regarding the Fitrah, when you set it aside while you are seeking the proper place for it, or waiting with it for a man, then there is no harm in it.”
سَعْدٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ وَ غَيْرِهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْفِطْرَةِ قَالَ» إِذَا عَزَلْتَهَا فَلاَ يَضُرُّكَ مَتَى أَعْطَيْتَهَا قَبْلَ اَلصَّلاَةِ أَوْ بَعْدَ اَلصَّلاَةِ«.
Sa’ad, from Muhammad ibn Isa, from Yunus, from Ishaq ibn Ammar and others, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam (a.s) about ‘the (zakat of) Fitrah.’ Imam (a.s) said: “When you set it aside, it does not harm you whenever you give it, before the prayer or after the prayer.”
سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ أَخْرَجَ فِطْرَتَهُ فَعَزَلَهَا حَتَّى يَجِدَ لَهَا أَهْلاً فَقَالَ» إِذَا أَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ ضَمَانِهِ فَقَدْ بَرِئَ وَ إِلاَّ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهَا حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَهَا إِلَى أَرْبَابِهَا«.
Sa’ad ibn Abdullah, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Abbas ibn Maruf, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Hariz ibn Abdullah, from Zurarah ibn Ayan, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: (Imam (a.s) was asked) concerning ‘a man who took out his Fitrah and set it aside until he finds people worthy of it.’ Imam (a.s) said: “If he has taken it out from his liability, then he has become free of responsibility; otherwise, he is liable for it until he delivers it to its owners.”
