Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ اَلْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: فِي اَلْمُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ قَالَ« مَا غَلَبَ اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَاللَّهُ أَوْلَى بِالْعُذْرِ»

Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bukhtari from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I heard Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) say, regarding one who is unconscious; Imam (a.s) said: “Whatever Allah (swt) has caused to overcome him (for him to faint), then Allah (swt) is more entitled to excuse.”

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ اَلْخَزَّازِ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ أَيَّاماً لَمْ يُصَلِّ ثُمَّ أَفَاقَ أَ يُصَلِّي مَا فَاتَهُ قَالَ« لاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ»

From him, from Muhammad ibn Isa from Yunus from Ibrahim al-Khazzaz Abu Ayyub from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man who was unconscious for days, and did not pray, then regained consciousness. Should he make up what he missed? Imam (a.s) said: “There is nothing (of qadha) upon him.”

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ عَنْ مُرَازِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمَرِيضِ لاَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى اَلصَّلاَةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ« كُلَّمَا غَلَبَ اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَاللَّهُ أَوْلَى بِالْعُذْرِ»

Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Hadid from Murazim who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about a sick person who is not able to perform the prayer. Imam (a.s) said: “Whatever Allah (swt) has caused to overcome him (to faint), then Allah (swt) is more entitled to excuse.”

عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلْحَجَّالِ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمَرِيضِ يَقْضِي اَلصَّلاَةَ إِذَا أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ« لاَ»

From him, from al-Hajjal from Tha‘labah ibn Maymun from Ma‘mar ibn Umar who said: I asked Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, about the sick person, does he make up the prayer if he was unconscious? Imam (a.s) said: “No.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى اَلْفَقِيهِ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ اَلْعَسْكَرِيِّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ اَلْمُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ يَوْماً أَوْ أَكْثَرَ هَلْ يَقْضِي مَا فَاتَهُ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ أَمْ لاَ فَكَتَبَ« لاَ يَقْضِي اَلصَّوْمَ وَ لاَ يَقْضِي اَلصَّلاَةَ»

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Sulayman who said: I wrote to the jurist (faqih) Abu al-Hasan al-Askari (a.s), peace be upon him, asking Imam (a.s) about the one who falls unconscious for a day or more. Does he have to make up the prayers that he missed or not? So Imam (a.s) wrote: “He does not make up the fast, nor does he make up the prayer.”

سَعْدٌ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ نُوحٍ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ اَلثَّالِثِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ اَلْمُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ يَوْماً أَوْ أَكْثَرَ هَلْ يَقْضِي مَا فَاتَهُ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ أَمْ لاَ فَكَتَبَ« لاَ يَقْضِي اَلصَّوْمَ وَ لاَ يَقْضِي اَلصَّلاَةَ»

Sa’ad from Ayyub ibn Nuh who said: I wrote to Abu al-Hasan al-Thalith (a.s) (the Third), peace be upon him, asking Imam (a.s) about the one who falls unconscious for a day or more. Does he have to make up the prayers that he missed or not? So Imam (a.s) wrote: “He does not make up the fast, nor does he make up the prayer.”

فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمَرِيضِ يُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ قَالَ« إِذَا جَازَ عَلَيْهِ ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءٌ وَ إِذَا أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَعَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ اَلصَّلاَةِ فِيهِنَّ»

As for what was narrated by al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from al-Hasan from Zur'ah from Sama'ah who said: I asked him about the sick person who falls unconscious. He said: “If three days pass over him, then there is no obligation upon him to make it up; and if he is unconscious for three days, then he must make up the prayers during them.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَفْصٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ« يَقْضِي صَلاَةَ يَوْمٍ»

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub from Yaqub ibn Yazid from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hafs from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) about the one who falls unconscious. Imam (a.s) said: “He makes up the prayer of one day.”

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْجَبَّارِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ بْنِ اَلْفُضَيْلِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ يَوْماً إِلَى اَللَّيْلِ ثُمَّ يُفِيقُ قَالَ« إِنْ أَفَاقَ قَبْلَ غُرُوبِ اَلشَّمْسِ فَعَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ يَوْمِهِ هَذَا فَإِنْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ أَيَّاماً ذَوَاتِ عَدَدٍ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ إِلاَّ آخِرَ أَيَّامِهِ إِنْ أَفَاقَ قَبْلَ غُرُوبِ اَلشَّمْسِ وَ إِلاَّ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءٌ»

From him, from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar, from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from al-Alaa ibn al-Fudayl, said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about a man who falls unconscious from the day until the night, then regains consciousness. Imam (a.s) said: “If he regains consciousness before sunset, then he must make up the prayer of that day. But if he remains unconscious for a number of days, then he is only required to make up the prayer of the last of those days, if he regains consciousness before sunset. Otherwise, there is nothing upon him to make up.”

فالوجه في هذه الاخبار ان نحملها على ضرب من الاستحباب لان الاخبار الاولة محمولة على انه لا يجب عليه قضاء ما فاته في حالة الاغماء وهذه محمولة على استحباب ذلك له فأما الصلاة التي يفيق في وقتها فانه يجب عليه قضاؤها على كل حال وروى

So interpretation of these reports is that we understand them as indicating a kind of recommendation (mustahabb), because earlier reports are to be understood to mean that it is not obligatory upon him to make up what he missed during the state of unconsciousness, while these (latter ones) are understood as recommended for him. As for the prayer whose time he regains consciousness during, it is obligatory for him to make it up in any case. And it was narrated:

وَ رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمَرِيضِ يُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُفِيقُ كَيْفَ يَقْضِي صَلاَتَهُ قَالَ« يَقْضِي اَلصَّلاَةَ اَلَّتِي أَدْرَكَ وَقْتَهَا»

And Ahmad ibn Muhammad narrated from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Ri’ab from Abu Basir from one of the two Imams (a.s), peace be upon them, who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about the sick person, who falls unconscious and then regains consciousness, how does he make up his prayer? Imam (a.s) said: “He makes up the prayer whose time he caught.”

سَعْدٌ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اَللَّهِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمَرِيضِ هَلْ يَقْضِي اَلصَّلاَةَ إِذَا أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ« لاَ إِلاَّ اَلصَّلاَةَ اَلَّتِي أَفَاقَ فِيهَا»

Sa’ad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hammad ibn Uthman from Ubaydullah al-Halabi from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about the sick person, does he make up the prayer if he falls unconscious? Imam (a.s) said: “No, except for the prayer during which he regained consciousness.”

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَفْصٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« يَقْضِي اَلصَّلاَةَ اَلَّتِي أَفَاقَ فِيهَا»

Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hafs from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “He makes up the prayer during which he regained consciousness.”

فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنِ اِبْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« كُلُّ شَيْءٍ تَرَكْتَهُ مِنْ صَلاَتِكَ لِمَرَضٍ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْكَ فِيهِ فَاقْضِهِ إِذَا أَفَقْتَ»

As for what was narrated by al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from Fadalah from Ibn Sinan from Abu Abdillah (a.s): Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “Everything you left of your prayer due to an illness, in which you were rendered unconscious, make it up when you regain consciousness.”

عَنْهُ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُفِيقُ قَالَ« يَقْضِي مَا فَاتَهُ يُؤَذِّنَ فِي اَلْأُولَى وَ يُقِيمُ فِي اَلْبَقِيَّةِ»

From him, from Safwan from al-Alaa from Muhammad ibn Muslim from Abu Ja’far (a.s), who said: I asked Imam al-Baqir (a.s) about the man who falls unconscious, and then regains consciousness. Imam (a.s) said: “He makes up what he missed, he gives the adhan for the first prayer and gives the iqamah for the rest (when making up missed prayers).”

عَنْهُ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلْمُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ قَالَ« يَقْضِي كُلَّ مَا فَاتَهُ»

From him, from Safwan from Mansur ibn Hazim from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked regarding the one who falls unconscious. Imam (a.s) said: “He makes up everything that he missed.”

عَنْهُ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ شَهْراً مَا يَقْضِي مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ قَالَ« يَقْضِيهَا كُلَّهَا إِنَّ أَمْرَ اَلصَّلاَةِ شَدِيدٌ»

From him, from Ibn Abi Umayr from Rifaa'ah from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) about the one who falls unconscious for a month, what does he make up of the prayer? Imam (a.s) said: “He makes up all of it. Indeed, the matter of prayer is severe.”

عَنْهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي اَلْمَرِيضِ يُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ أَيَّاماً فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَقْضِي صَلاَةَ يَوْمِهِ اَلَّذِي أَفَاقَ فِيهِ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَقْضِي صَلاَةَ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ وَ يَدَعُ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ وَ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِنَّهُ لاَ قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ فَكَتَبَ« يَقْضِي صَلاَةَ اَلْيَوْمِ اَلَّذِي يُفِيقُ فِيهِ»

From him, from Abdullah ibn Muhammad who said: I wrote to him; “May I be ransomed for you, it has been narrated from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, regarding a sick person who becomes unconscious for several days. Some have said he makes up the prayer of the day in which he regains consciousness, and some have said he makes up the prayers of three days and leaves what is beyond that, and some have said that there is no make-up upon him.” So Imam (a.s) wrote: “He makes up the prayer of the day in which he regains consciousness.”

فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ نَهَاراً ثُمَّ يُفِيقُ قَبْلَ غُرُوبِ اَلشَّمْسِ فَقَالَ« يُصَلِّي اَلظُّهْرَ وَ اَلْعَصْرَ وَ مِنَ اَللَّيْلِ إِذَا أَفَاقَ قَبْلَ اَلصُّبْحِ قَضَى صَلاَةَ اَللَّيْلِ»

As for what was narrated by al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from Hammad ibn Isa from Shu'ayb from Abu Basir from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man who falls unconscious during the day and then regains consciousness before sunset. Imam (a.s) said: “He performs the Dhuhr and Asr prayers, and if he regains consciousness during the night before dawn, he makes up the night (Isha) prayers.”

فهذا الخبر توكيد لما قدمناه من انه يجب عليه قضاء الصلاة التي يفيق في وقتها وهذا الوقت هو آخر وقت المضطر فيجب عليه حينئذ قضاؤها

This report confirms what we have stated earlier, that it is obligatory upon him to make up the prayer whose time he regains consciousness during, and this time is the end of the time allotted for one in difficulty (al-mudtar), so it becomes obligatory upon him at that time to make it up.

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمَبْطُونِ فَقَالَ« يَبْنِي عَلَى صَلاَتِهِ»

Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr from Ibn Bukayr from Muhammad ibn Muslim who said: I asked Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, about the one suffering from abdominal illness (al-mabtun). Imam (a.s) said: “He builds upon his prayer.” (meaning performs ablution again, and continues from where he left it)

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« صَاحِبُ اَلْبَطْنِ اَلْغَالِبِ يَتَوَضَّأُ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَيُتِمُّ مَا بَقِيَ»

Muhammad ibn Mas'ud from Muhammad ibn Nusayr from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Ja’far ibn Bashir from Abdullah ibn Bukayr from Muhammad ibn Muslim from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Baqir (a.s) said: “The one afflicted with overpowering abdominal illness (sahib al-batn al-ghalib) performs ablution for his prayer and completes what remains.”

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: سُئِلَ عَنْ تَقْطِيرِ اَلْبَوْلِ قَالَ« يَجْعَلُ خَرِيطَةً إِذَا صَلَّى»

From him, from Muhammad ibn Nusayr from Muhammad ibn Isa from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabi from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about the dripping of urine (incontinence). Imam (a.s) said: “He should place a pouch (khariitah, to absorb), when he prays.”

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمَرِيضِ لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُ اَلْجُلُوسَ قَالَ« فَلْيُصَلِّ وَ هُوَ مُضْطَجِعٌ وَ لْيَضَعْ عَلَى جَبْهَتِهِ شَيْئاً إِذَا سَجَدَ فَإِنَّهُ يُجْزِي عَنْهُ وَ لَنْ يُكَلِّفَ اَللَّهُ مَا لاَ طَاقَةَ لَهُ بِهِ»

Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from al-Hasan from Zur'ah from Sama'ah who said: I asked him about the sick person who is not able to sit. He said: “Then let him pray while lying down, and let him place something on his forehead when he prostrates, for it suffices for him. And Allah (swt) will not burden a soul beyond its capacity.”

عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَكُونَ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ اَلْمَاءُ فَيَنْزِعُ اَلْمَاءَ مِنْهَا فَيَسْتَلْقِي عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ اَلْأَيَّامَ اَلْكَثِيرَةَ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً أَقَلَّ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَيَمْتَنِعُ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ اَلْأَيَّامَ وَ هُوَ عَلَى حَالٍ فَقَالَ« لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ وَ لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ مِمَّا حَرَّمَ اَللَّهُ إِلاَّ وَ قَدْ أَحَلَّهُ لِمَنِ اُضْطُرَّ إِلَيْهِ»

From him, from al-Hasan from Zur'ah from Sama'ah who said: I asked him about a man who has water in his eyes and has it removed, and then lies on his back for many days; forty days, less or more and refrains from prayer during those days while he is in that condition. He said: “There is no harm in that, and there is nothing among what Allah (swt) has forbidden except that He (azj) has made it lawful for the one who is compelled to it.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ عِيصٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ اِجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ صَلاَةُ سَنَةٍ مِنْ مَرَضٍ قَالَ« لاَ يَقْضِي»

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan from Iys who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about a man upon whom a year's worth of prayer has accumulated, due to illness. Imam (a.s) said: “He does not make them up.”

قال محمد بن الحسن هذا الخبر محمول على النوافل يدل على ذلك ما رواه

Muhammad ibn al-Hasan said: “This report is to be understood as referring to the supererogatory prayers (nawafil).” What indicates this is what was narrated:

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مَرِضَ فَتَرَكَ اَلنَّافِلَةَ قَالَ« يَا مُحَمَّدُ لَيْسَتْ بِفَرِيضَةٍ إِنْ قَضَاهَا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ يَفْعَلُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ فَلاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ»

Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Hammad from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who said: I said to Imam al-Baqir (a.s): “A man fell ill and left the supererogatory prayer (al-nafilah).” Imam said: “O Muhammad, it is not an obligation. If he makes it up, then it is a good deed that he does, and if he does not do it, then there is nothing upon him.”

عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ: أَنَّ سِنَاناً سَأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُدُّ إِحْدَى رِجْلَيْهِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ قَالَ« لاَ بَأْسَ وَ لاَ أَرَاهُ إِلاَّ فِي اَلْمُعْتَلِّ أَوِ اَلْمَرِيضِ»

Ali from his father from Abdullah ibn al-Mughirah from Mu'awiyah ibn Maysarah: that Sinan asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about a man who stretches out one of his legs in front of him while sitting. Imam (a.s) said: “There is no problem, and I do not see it except, in the case of someone afflicted (al-mu'tall) or sick (al-marid).”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةً عَنْ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمَرِيضِ أَيَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَقُومَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ وَ يَسْجُدَ عَلَى اَلْأَرْضِ قَالَ فَقَالَ« إِذَا كَانَ اَلْفِرَاشُ غَلِيظاً قَدْرَ آجُرَّةٍ أَوْ أَقَلَّ اِسْتَقَامَ لَهُ أَنْ يَقُومَ عَلَيْهِ وَ يَسْجُدَ عَلَى اَلْأَرْضِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلاَ»

Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan from Amr ibn Sa'id from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from Ammar from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) about the sick person, whether it is permissible for him to stand on his bed and prostrate on the ground? Imam (a.s) said: “If the bed is thick to the extent of a brick (ajurrah) or less, then it is correct for him to stand on it and prostrate on the ground. But if it is more than that, then no.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ حَمْدَوَيْهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ وَ سَأَلَهُ إِنْسَانٌ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ تُدْرِكُهُ اَلصَّلاَةُ وَ هُوَ فِي مَاءٍ يَخُوضُهُ لاَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى اَلْأَرْضِ قَالَ« إِنْ كَانَ فِي حَرْبٍ أَوْ سَبِيلٍ مِنْ سُبُلِ اَللَّهِ فَلْيُومِ إِيمَاءً وَ إِنْ كَانَ فِي تِجَارَةٍ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَخُوضَ اَلْمَاءَ حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ» قَالَ قُلْتُ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ« يَقْضِيهَا إِذَا خَرَجَ مِنَ اَلْمَاءِ وَ قَدْ ضَيَّعَ»

Muhammad ibn Mas'ud from Hamdawayh from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Abu Ayyub from Isma'il ibn Jabir who said: I heard Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, saying, and a man asked him about a person upon whom the prayer becomes due while he is in water, wading through it, and he is not able to reach the ground. Imam (a.s) said: “If he is in war or on a path among the paths of Allah (swt), then let him gesture with indication (yumi’ ima’an, with his head or eyes). But if he is on a trade journey, then it was not proper for him to enter the water until he had prayed.” He (narrator) said: “I asked: ‘What should he do?’” Imam (a.s) said: “He must make it up when he comes out of the water, and indeed he has been neglectful (of prayer).”

سَعْدٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ اَلطَّيَالِسِيِّ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ اَلْكَرْخِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ شَيْخٌ لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُ اَلْقِيَامَ إِلَى اَلْخَلاَءِ وَ لاَ يُمْكِنُهُ اَلرُّكُوعُ وَ اَلسُّجُودُ فَقَالَ« لِيُومِ بِرَأْسِهِ إِيمَاءً وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَنْ يَرْفَعُ اَلْخُمْرَةَ إِلَيْهِ فَلْيَسْجُدْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُمْكِنْهُ ذَلِكَ فَلْيُومِ بِرَأْسِهِ نَحْوَ اَلْقِبْلَةِ إِيمَاءً» قُلْتُ فَالصِّيَامُ قَالَ« فَإِذَا كَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ اَلْحَدِّ فَقَدْ وَضَعَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ مَقْدُرَةٌ فَصَدَقَةُ مُدٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ بَدَلَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ يَسَارُ ذَلِكَ فَلاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ»

Sa’ad from Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Tayalisi from Ibrahim ibn Abi Ziyad al-Karkhi who said: I said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “An old man is unable to stand, to go to the toilet, and he cannot perform bowing (rukuh) and prostration (sujud).” Imam (a.s) said: “Then let him gesture with his head by indication (ima'a), and if there is someone who can raise the khumrah (a small prayer mat or place of prostration) to him, then let him prostrate on it. If that is not possible for him, then let him gesture with his head in the direction of the qiblah by indication.” I asked: “And what about fasting?” Imam (a.s) said: “If he has reached that condition, then Allah (swt) has lifted the obligation from him. But if he is able, then giving in charity a mudd of food in place of each day is more beloved to me. And if he does not have the means for that, then there is nothing upon him.”

سَعْدٌ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لاَ يُصَلِّي عَلَى اَلدَّابَّةِ اَلْفَرِيضَةَ إِلاَّ مَرِيضٌ يَسْتَقْبِلُ بِهِ اَلْقِبْلَةَ وَ يُجْزِيهِ فَاتِحَةُ اَلْكِتَابِ وَ يَضَعُ بِوَجْهِهِ فِي اَلْفَرِيضَةِ عَلَى مَا أَمْكَنَهُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ وَيُومِئُ فِي اَلنَّافِلَةِ إِيمَاءً»

Sa’ad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Isma'il ibn Bazi' from Tha'labah ibn Maymun from Hammad ibn Uthman from Abdurrahman ibn Abi Abdillah from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “One does not perform the obligatory prayer on a riding animal except a sick person, who faces the qiblah with it, and Surah al-Fatihah suffices him. For the obligatory prayer, he should place his face on whatever he is able to from anything, and in the supererogatory prayer, he gestures by indication (ima'a).”

ولا ينافي هذا الخبر ما رواه

And this report does not contradict what was narrated:

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَشْيَمَ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلَهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ اَلنُّعْمَانِ فَقَالَ أُصَلِّي فِي مَحْمِلِي وَ أَنَا مَرِيضٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ« أَمَّا اَلنَّافِلَةُ فَنَعَمْ وَ أَمَّا اَلْفَرِيضَةُ فَلاَ» قَالَ وَ ذَكَرَ أَحْمَدُ شِدَّةَ وَجَعِهِ فَقَالَ أَنَا كُنْتُ مَرِيضاً شَدِيدَ اَلْمَرَضِ فَكُنْتُ آمُرُهُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَتِ اَلصَّلاَةُ يُنِيخُوا بِي فَأُحْتَمَلُ بِفِرَاشِي فَأُوضَعُ فَأُصَلِّي ثُمَّ أُحْتَمَلُ بِفِرَاشِي فَأُوضَعُ فِي مَحْمِلِي

Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Ashyam from Mansur ibn Hazim who said: Ahmad ibn al-Nu'man asked Imam (a.s), saying: “I pray in my litter (mahmil) while I am ill” Imam (a.s) said: “As for the supererogatory prayer, then yes (it is allowed); but as for the obligatory prayer, then no.” He (Mansur) said: “And Ahmad mentioned the severity of his pain, so he said: ‘I was severely ill, and I used to instruct them when the time of prayer arrived to make the camel kneel for me, and I would be carried on my bed and placed down, and I would pray. Then I would be carried on my bed and placed back in my litter’.”

لان هذا الخبر محمول على الاستحباب دون الفرض والايجاب ويزيد ما قلناه بيانا ما رواه

Because this report is to be understood as referring to recommendation (mustahabb), not obligation or requirement, and what we have stated is further clarified by what was narrated:

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَ يُصَلِّي اَلرَّجُلُ شَيْئاً مِنَ اَلْفُرُوضِ رَاكِباً فَقَالَ« لاَ إِلاَّ مِنْ ضَرُورَةٍ»

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Hilal from Yunus ibn Abd al-Rahman from Abdullah ibn Sinan who said: I said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “May a man perform any of the obligatory prayers while riding?” Imam (a.s) said: “No, except out of necessity.”