قال الشيخ رحمه الله روي عن الصادقين عليهما السلام إلى قوله ولا صلاة عند آل محمد صلى الله عليه وآله
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “It has been narrated from the two Sadiqs (Imams (a.s)), peace be upon them” up to his statement; “And there is no prayer (without the love or allegiance) of the family of (Prophet) Muhammad (saws), blessings of Allah (swt) be upon him and his family”.
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ يُكَبِّرُ عَلَى قَوْمٍ خَمْساً وَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ أَرْبَعاً وَ إِذَا كَبَّرَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ أَرْبَعاً اُتُّهِمَ يَعْنِي بِالنِّفَاقِ»
Muhammad ibn Yaqub narrated from Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hammad ibn Uthman and Hisham ibn Salim from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him. Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “The Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, used to say five takbirs over some people (for Salat Al Mayyit) and four takbirs over others. And when Prophet (saws) said four takbirs over a man (for Salat Al Mayyit), he (the deceased) would be accused (meaning) of hypocrisy.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« كَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ عَلَى حَمْزَةَ سَبْعِينَ تَكْبِيرَةً وَ كَبَّرَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَى سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ خَمْساً وَعِشْرِينَ تَكْبِيرَةً» قَالَ« كَبَّرَ خَمْساً خَمْساً كُلَّمَا أَدْرَكَهُ اَلنَّاسُ قَالُوا يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَمْ نُدْرِكِ اَلصَّلاَةَ عَلَى سَهْلٍ فَيَضَعُهُ فَيُكَبِّرُ عَلَيْهِ خَمْساً حَتَّى اِنْتَهَى إِلَى قَبْرِهِ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ»
And from him, from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa’id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah from Abu Basir from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him. Imam al-Baqir (a.s) said: “The Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, said seventy takbirs over Hamzah (a.s), and Imam Ali (a.s), peace be upon him, said twenty-five takbirs over Sahl ibn Hunayf.” Imam (a.s) said: “Imam Ali (a.s) said five takbirs at a time; whenever people caught up with him, they said, ‘O Commander of the Faithful (a.s), we did not catch the prayer over Sahl,’ so Imam Ali (a.s) would place him down (his bier down) and say five takbirs over him, until He (a.s) reached his grave, (Imam (a.s) did this separately) five times.”
قال الشيخ رحمه الله ولا صلاة عند آل محمد على من لا يعقل الصلاة
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “And there is no prayer (Salat Al Mayyit), according to the family of (Prophet) Muhammad (saws), upon one who does not comprehend the prayer”. (meaning young children)
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ اَلصَّلاَةِ عَلَى اَلصَّبِيِّ مَتَى يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ قَالَ« إِذَا عَقَلَ اَلصَّلاَةَ» قُلْتُ مَتَى تَجِبُ اَلصَّلاَةُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ« إِذَا كَانَ اِبْنَ سِتِّ سِنِينَ وَ اَلصِّيَامُ إِذَا أَطَاقَهُ»
Muhammad ibn Yaqub narrated from Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hammad ibn Uthman from al-Halabi from Zurarah from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) over a child, when is it to be performed over him? Imam (a.s) said: “When he comprehends the prayer.” I asked: “When does the prayer become obligatory over him?” Imam (a.s) said: “When he is six years old, and fasting is when he is able to bear it.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ اِبْناً لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي حَيَاةِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يُقَالُ لَهُ عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ فَطِيمٌ قَدْ دَرَجَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا غُلاَمُ مَنْ ذَا اَلَّذِي إِلَى جَنْبِكَ لِمَوْلًى لَهُمْ فَقَالَ هَذَا مَوْلاَيَ فَقَالَ لَهُ اَلْمَوْلَى يُمَازِحُهُ لَسْتُ لَكَ بِمَوْلًى فَقَالَ ذَاكَ شَرٌّ لَكَ فَطَعَنَ فِي جِنَازَةِ اَلْغُلاَمِ فَمَاتَ فَأُخْرِجَ فِي سَفَطٍ إِلَى اَلْبَقِيعِ فَخَرَجَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ عَلَيْهِ جُبَّةُ خَزٍّ صَفْرَاءُ وَ عِمَامَةُ خَزٍّ صَفْرَاءُ وَ مِطْرَفُ خَزٍّ أَصْفَرُ فَانْطَلَقَ يَمْشِي إِلَى اَلْبَقِيعِ وَ هُوَ مُعْتَمِدٌ عَلَيَّ وَ اَلنَّاسُ يُعَزُّونَهُ عَلَى اِبْنِ اِبْنِهِ فَلَمَّا اِنْتَهَى إِلَى اَلْبَقِيعِ تَقَدَّمَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ فَكَبَّرَ عَلَيْهِ أَرْبَعاً ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِهِ فَدُفِنَ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ بِيَدَيَّ فَتَنَحَّى بِي ثُمَّ قَالَ« إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يُصَلَّى عَلَى اَلْأَطْفَالِ إِنَّمَا كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَأْمُرُ بِهِمْ فَيُدْفَنُونَ مِنْ وَرَاءَ وَرَاءَ وَلاَ يُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِمْ وَ إِنَّمَا صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَهْلِ اَلْمَدِينَةِ كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ يَقُولُوا لاَ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى أَطْفَالِهِمْ»
And from him, from Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Ibn Abi Umayr from Zurarah. Zurarah said: “I saw a son of Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, during the lifetime of Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, who was called ‘Abdullah’. He was weaned (fatim, or recently weaned), who passed away. I (Zurarah) said to him (Abdullah): “O boy, who is this next to you?” referring to a servant of theirs. Abdullah said: “This is my master.” The servant lightheartedly replied to Abdullah: “I am not your master.” So Abdullah replied: “That is worse for you.” Then he (the servant) jabbed at the boy’s body (in jest), and the boy (Abdullah) died. He (Abdullah) was then carried out in a box (safat) to al-Baqi’ (cemetery). Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, came out wearing a yellow khazz cloak, a yellow khazz turban, and a yellow khazz mantle. Imam (a.s) walked toward al-Baqi‘, leaning on me, while the people were offering him condolences for his grandson (Abdullah). When He (a.s) reached al-Baqi‘, Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, stepped forward and prayed over him (Abdullah), saying four takbirs. Then Imam (a.s) ordered that he (Abdulla) be buried. After that, Imam (a.s) took me (Zurarah) by the hand and moved aside with me, and said: “Indeed, it was not customary to pray (Salat Al Mayyit) over children. Rather, the Commander of the Faithful (a.s), peace be upon him, used to order that they (children) be buried behind (the rows), and Imam Ali (a.s) would not pray over them. But I prayed over him (Abdullah) for the sake of the people of Medina, out of dislike that they might say: ‘They do not pray (Salat Al Mayyit) over their children.’”
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ اَلْبَجَلِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلصَّبِيِّ أَ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ إِذَا مَاتَ وَ هُوَ اِبْنُ خَمْسِ سِنِينَ قَالَ« إِذَا عَقَلَ اَلصَّلاَةَ صُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ»
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa narrated from Musa ibn al-Qasim al-Bajali from Ali ibn Ja’far from his brother Musa ibn Ja’far, peace be upon them both. He said: I asked Imam al-Kadhim (a.s) about a child, Should the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) be performed over him if he dies and he is five years old? Imam (a.s) said: “If he comprehends the prayer, then the prayer is performed over him.”
فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لاَ يُصَلَّى عَلَى اَلْمَنْفُوسِ وَ هُوَ اَلْمَوْلُودُ اَلَّذِي لَمْ يَسْتَهِلَّ وَ لَمْ يَصِحْ وَ لَمْ يُوَرَّثْ مِنَ اَلدِّيَةِ وَ لاَ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا وَ إِذَا اِسْتَهَلَّ فَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِ وَ وَرِّثْهُ»
As for what was narrated by Ibn Abi Umayr from Abdillah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “The prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) is not performed over the stillborn (al-manfus) and this is a newborn who did not cry out, and did not show signs of life, and thus will not inherit from blood money (al-diyyah) or anything else. But if it (newborn) cries (shows signs of life), then pray (Salat Al Mayyit) over it (if they die afterwards) and include them in inheritance.”
فهذا الخبر محمول على ضرب من الاستحباب أو التقية لئلا ينافي ما قدمناه ويزيد ما ذكرناه بيانا ما رواه
So this report is to be understood as being of the nature of recommendation (mustahabb) or out of taqiyyah (precautionary dissimulation), so that it does not contradict what we have previously presented. And to further clarify what we have mentioned is the narration::
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ اَلْمَوْلُودِ مَا لَمْ يَجْرِ عَلَيْهِ اَلْقَلَمُ هَلْ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ قَالَ« لاَ إِنَّمَا اَلصَّلاَةُ عَلَى اَلرَّجُلِ وَ اَلْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا جَرَى عَلَيْهِمَا اَلْقَلَمُ»
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya narrated from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan from Amr ibn Sa’id from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from Ammar from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about the newborn, over whom the ‘Pen’ (of accountability) has not yet passed, is the funeral prayer performed over him? Imam (a.s) said: “No. The prayer is only for the man and the woman when the ‘Pen’ (of accountability) has passed over them.”
قال الشيخ رحمه الله ومن ادرك تكبيرة على الميت أو اثنتين تمم
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “Whoever catches one or two takbirs (of Salat Al Mayyit) over the deceased should complete (the rest of prayer)”.
اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عِيصِ بْنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُدْرِكُ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ عَلَى اَلْمَيِّتِ تَكْبِيرَةً قَالَ« يُتِمُّ مَا بَقِيَ»
Al-Husayn ibn Sa’id narrated from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Is ibn al-Qasim. He said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about a man who catches one takbir from the prayer over the deceased (Salat Al Mayyit). Imam (a.s) said: “He completes what remains (of the Salat Al Mayyit).”
سَعْدٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ اَلنَّضْرِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَادٍّ اَلْقَلاَنِسِيِّ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يُدْرِكُ مَعَ اَلْإِمَامِ فِي اَلْجِنَازَةِ تَكْبِيرَةً أَوْ تَكْبِيرَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ« يُتِمُّ اَلتَّكْبِيرَ وَ هُوَ يَمْشِي مَعَهَا فَإِذَا لَمْ يُدْرِكِ اَلتَّكْبِيرَ كَبَّرَ عِنْدَ اَلْقَبْرِ فَإِنْ كَانَ أَدْرَكَهُمْ وَ قَدْ دُفِنَ كَبَّرَ عَلَى اَلْقَبْرِ»
Sa’ad narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from al-Nadr ibn Shu’ayb from Khalid ibn Maad al-Qalanisi from a man from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him. He said: I heard Imam al-Baqir (a.s) say regarding a man, who catches one or two takbirs, with the imam (of prayer) in the funeral prayer. Imam (a.s) said: “He should complete the takbirs while walking with it (the bier). If he does not catch the takbirs, he should say the takbirs at the grave. And if he reaches them (funeral) after it has already been buried, he should say the takbirs over the grave.”
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« إِذَا أَدْرَكَ اَلرَّجُلُ اَلتَّكْبِيرَةَ وَ اَلتَّكْبِيرَتَيْنِ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ عَلَى اَلْمَيِّتِ فَلْيَقْضِ مَا بَقِيَ مُتَتَابِعاً»
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa narrated from his father from Abdillah ibn al-Mughira from Abdillah ibn Muskan from al-Halabi from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him. Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “If a man catches one or two takbirs from the prayer over the deceased (Salat Al Mayyit), then let him make up what remains consecutively.”
عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ زَيْدٍ اَلشَّحَّامِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلصَّلاَةِ عَلَى اَلْجَنَائِزِ إِذَا فَاتَ اَلرَّجُلَ مِنْهَا اَلتَّكْبِيرَةُ أَوِ اَلثِّنْتَانِ أَوِ اَلثَّلاَثُ قَالَ« يُكَبِّرُ مَا فَاتَهُ»
From him, from al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal from Abu Jamila from Zayd al-Shahham. He (Zayd) said: “I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about the funeral prayer if a man misses one, two, or three takbirs from it.” Imam (a.s) said: “He should say the takbirs that he missed.”
فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُوسَى اَلْخَشَّابِ عَنْ غِيَاثِ بْنِ كَلُّوبٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَانَ يَقُولُ:« لاَ يُقْضَى مَا سَبَقَ مِنْ تَكْبِيرِ اَلْجَنَائِزِ» فالوجه في هذه الرواية انه لا يقضي كما كان يبتدأ به من الفصل بينهما بالدعاء وانما يقضي متتابعا على ما فصله الحلبي في روايته المتقدمة
As for what was narrated by Sa’ad ibn Abdillah from al-Hasan ibn Musa al-Khashshab from Ghiyath ibn Kallub from Ishaq ibn Ammar from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, from his father (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam al-Baqir (a.s) said: “Imam Ali (a.s), peace be upon him, used to say: ‘What has passed of the takbirs in the funeral prayer is not to be made up.’”
قال الشيخ رحمه الله ولا بأس بالصلاة على القبر يوما وليلة فان زاد على يوم وليلة لم تجز الصلاة عليه
The interpretation of this narration is that the missed takbirs are not to be made up in the same manner as they are initially performed with intervals of supplication between them; rather, they are to be made up consecutively, as al-Halabi clarified in his aforementioned narration. The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “There is no harm in praying (Salat Al Mayyit) over the grave, (delayed) by a day and a night; but if it exceeds a day and a night, then the prayer over it is not permissible”.
سَعْدٌ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ اَلرَّجُلُ عَلَى اَلْمَيِّتِ بَعْدَمَا يُدْفَنُ»
Sa’ad from Ya'qub ibn Yazid from Ibn Abi 'Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “There is no harm if a man performs the prayer over the deceased (Salat Al Mayyit), after he has been buried.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ مَوْلَى اَلْجَهْمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« إِذَا فَاتَتْكَ اَلصَّلاَةُ عَلَى اَلْمَيِّتِ حَتَّى يُدْفَنَ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِالصَّلاَةِ عَلَيْهِ وَ قَدْ دُفِنَ»
And from him, from Abu Ja’far, from his father, from Abdillah ibn al-Mughirah, from Abdillah ibn Muskan, from Malik, the client (mawla) of al-Jahm, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “If the prayer over the deceased (Salat al-Mayyit) passes you by (meaning you miss it) until he is buried, then there is no harm in praying (Salat Al Mayyit) over him after he has been buried.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يُوسُفَ عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ اَلْجَوْهَرِيِّ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ جُمَيْعٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ إِذَا فَاتَتْهُ اَلصَّلاَةُ عَلَى اَلْمَيِّتِ صَلَّى عَلَى اَلْقَبْرِ»
And from him, from Abu Ja’far, from al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Yusuf, from Mu'adh ibn Thabit al-Jawhari, from Amr ibn Jumay' from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “Whenever the Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, missed the prayer over the deceased (Salat al-Mayyit), He (saws) would perform the prayer over the grave.”
فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ ظَبْيَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« نَهَى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَنْ يُصَلَّى عَلَى قَبْرٍ أَوْ يُقْعَدَ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ يُبْنَى عَلَيْهِ»
As for what was narrated by Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Ya'qub ibn Yazid from Ziyad ibn Marwan from Yunus ibn Zabyan from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, from his father (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Baqir (a.s) said: “The Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, forbade that prayer be performed over a grave, or that one sit upon it, or that anything be built upon it.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَمَّنْ صُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ اَلْإِمَامُ فَإِذَا اَلْمَيِّتُ مَقْلُوبٌ رِجْلاَهُ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ رَأْسِهِ قَالَ« يُسَوَّى وَ تُعَادُ اَلصَّلاَةُ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ حُمِلَ مَا لَمْ يُدْفَنْ فَإِنْ دُفِنَ فَقَدْ مَضَتِ اَلصَّلاَةُ عَلَيْهِ وَلاَ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ مَدْفُونٌ»
And from him, from Ahmad ibn al-Hasan, from Amr ibn Sa'id, from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah, from Ammar ibn Musa, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about someone over whom the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) was performed, and when the imam (of prayer) finished the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit), it was found that the deceased was turned, with his feet at the place of his head. Imam (a.s) said: “He is to be straightened, and the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) is to be repeated over him. And if he has already been carried (to the grave), then so long as he has not been buried, it (Salat Al Mayyit) is to be repeated. But if he has already been buried, then the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) upon him has already been completed, and he is not to be prayed over (again) while he is buried.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلسَّيَّارِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْجَزِيرَةِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يُصَلَّى عَلَى اَلْمَدْفُونِ بَعْدَ مَا يُدْفَنُ قَالَ« لاَ لَوْ جَازَ لِأَحَدٍ لَجَازَ لِرَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَالَ« بَلْ لاَ يُصَلَّى عَلَى اَلْمَدْفُونِ وَ لاَ عَلَى اَلْعُرْيَانِ»
And from him, from al-Sayyari, from Muhammad ibn Aslam, from a man from the people of al-Jazirah, who said: I asked Imam al-Ridha (a.s), peace be upon him: “Is it permissible to pray (Salat Al Mayyit) over the one who has been buried, after he has been buried?” Imam (a.s) said: “No. If it had been permissible for anyone, it would have been permissible for the Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family.” Imam (a.s) said: “Rather, one does not pray (Salat Al Mayyit) over the (already) buried, nor over the naked.” (meaning a deceased body that has exposed private parts)
فهذه الاخبار وما أشبهها مما ورد في معناها يجوز ان يكون المراد بها انه لا تجوز الصلاة على المدفون بعد مضي يوم وليلة عليه لا انه يراد بها انه لا تجوز الصلاة عليه في الحال أو بعده بساعة أو في ذلك اليوم وإذا احتمل ذلك لم يكن بينها وبين ما تقدم من الاخبار تناف وان لم تحمل على هذا الضرب من التأويل لاحتجنا إلى إسقاط تلك الا حاديث جملة وهذا لا يجوز ويحتمل ان يكون المراد بالاخبار المتقدمة التي تضمنت جواز الصلاة على الميت بعد الدفن إنما أراد بها الدعاء له دون الصلاة المخصوصة لان ذلك يسمى صلاة في اللغة ويزيد ما ذكرناه بيانا ما رواه
So these reports and those similar to them which have come with the same meaning, it is possible that what is meant by them is that it is not permissible to pray over the buried one, after a day and a night have passed over him. It is not meant that it is not permissible to pray over him immediately, or an hour later, or on that same day. And if this interpretation is possible, then there is no contradiction between them and the earlier reports. But if they are not interpreted in this manner, then we would be compelled to reject those traditions altogether, and this is not permissible. It is also possible that what is meant by the earlier reports which included the permissibility of praying over the deceased after burial, is that what was intended by them was supplication (du‘a) for him, not the specific ritual prayer (salat) because supplication is called salat in the language. What we have mentioned is further clarified by what was narrated:
عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ: قَدِمَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَكَّةَ فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ فَقُلْتُ مَاتَ فَقَالَ «مَاتَ» قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ« فَانْطَلِقْ بِنَا إِلَى قَبْرِهِ حَتَّى نُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ» قُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ« لاَ وَ لَكِنْ نُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ هَاهُنَا» فَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ يَدْعُو وَ اِجْتَهَدَ فِي اَلدُّعَاءِ وَ تَرَحَّمَ عَلَيْهِ
Ali ibn al-Husayn from Sa’ad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr from al-Husayn ibn Musa from Ja’far ibn Isa who said: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, arrived in Mecca and asked me about Abdillah ibn A'yan, so I said: “He has died.” Imam (a.s) said: “He has died?” I replied: “Yes.” Imam (a.s) said: “Then let us go to his grave so that we may pray over him.” I said: “Yes.” Imam (a.s) said: “No, but rather we will pray over him here.” Then Imam (a.s) raised his hands, supplicating, and exerted himself in supplication and asked for mercy upon him (Abdillah ibn A'yan).
اَلصَّفَّارُ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ نُوحِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ أَوْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ:« اَلصَّلاَةُ عَلَى اَلْمَيِّتِ بَعْدَ مَا يُدْفَنُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ اَلدُّعَاءُ» قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالنَّجَاشِيُّ لَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَ فَقَالَ« لاَ إِنَّمَا دَعَالَهُ»
Al-Saffar from Ibrahim ibn Hashim from Nuh ibn Shu'ayb from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim or Zurarah: It was said: “The prayer over the deceased (Salat al-Mayyit) after he has been buried is merely supplication (du'a).” He (narrator) said: “I asked, ‘Did the Prophet (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, not pray over al-Najashi?” Imam (a.s) said: “No, He (saws) only supplicated for him.”
قال الشيخ رحمه الله ويصلى على الميت في كل وقت من اليوم والليلة
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “And the prayer over the deceased (Salat Al Mayyit) is to be performed at any time of the day and night.”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ اَلْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« يُصَلَّى عَلَى اَلْجِنَازَةِ فِي كُلِّ سَاعَةٍ إِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِصَلاَةِ رُكُوعٍ وَ لاَ سُجُودٍ وَ إِنَّمَا تُكْرَهُ اَلصَّلاَةُ عِنْدَ طُلُوعِ اَلشَّمْسِ وَ عِنْدَ غُرُوبِهَا اَلَّتِي فِيهَا اَلْخُشُوعُ وَ اَلرُّكُوعُ وَ اَلسُّجُودُ لِأَنَّهَا تَغْرُبُ بَيْنَ قَرْنَيْ شَيْطَانٍ وَ تَطْلُعُ بَيْنَ قَرْنَيْ شَيْطَانٍ»
Muhammad ibn Ya'qub from Abu Ali al-Ash'ari from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from al-Ala ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Baqir (a.s) said: “The funeral prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) may be performed at any hour, for it is not a prayer of bowing (ruku') and prostration (sujud). Rather, what is disliked is prayer at sunrise and at sunset, the prayer which contain humility (khushu), bowing (rukuh), and prostration (sujud) because sun sets between the horns of a devil and it rises between the horns of a devil.” (metaphorical warning not to imitate non-Islamic or pagan rituals as they used to do)
قال الشيخ رحمه الله ولا بأس بالصلاة على الميت بغير وضوء وكذلك للجنب
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “There is no harm in performing the prayer over the deceased without ablution (wudu), and likewise for one in a state of major ritual impurity (junub).”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اِبْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْجِنَازَةِ أُصَلِّي عَلَيْهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ فَقَالَ« نَعَمْ إِنَّمَا هُوَ تَكْبِيرٌ وَ تَسْبِيحٌ وَ تَحْمِيدٌ وَ تَهْلِيلٌ كَمَا تُكَبِّرُ وَ تُسَبِّحُ فِي بَيْتِكَ عَلَى غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ»
Muhammad ibn Ya'qub from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa from Ibn Faddal from Yunus ibn Ya'qub, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about the funeral, can I pray over it without ablution (wudu)? Imam (a.s) said: “Yes. It is merely glorification (takbir), praise (tasbih), thanksgiving (tahmid), and declaration of God's oneness (tahlil), just as you glorify and praise in your house without ablution.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ اَلْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ وَ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ اَلْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْجَبَّارِ جَمِيعاً عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْحَمِيدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلْجِنَازَةُ يُخْرَجُ بِهَا وَ لَسْتُ عَلَى وُضُوءٍ فَإِنْ ذَهَبْتُ أَتَوَضَّأُ فَاتَتْنِي اَلصَّلاَةُ أَيُجْزِينِي أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهَا وَ أَنَا عَلَى غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ قَالَ« تَكُونُ عَلَى طُهْرٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ»
And from him, from Muhammad ibn Isma'il, from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan and Abu Ali al-Ash'ari, from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar all from Safwan ibn Yahya from Abd al-Hamid ibn Sa’ad, who said: I said to Abu al-Hasan (a.s), peace be upon him: “A funeral is being brought out and I am not in a state of ablution (wudu). If I go to perform ablution, I will miss the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit). Is it sufficient for me to pray over it, while I am not in a state of ablution?” Imam (a.s) said: “That you be in a state of purity is more beloved to me.”
وهذه الرواية تضمنت ان الطهارة أفضل وهي تدل على ان غير الطهارة أيضا جائز ويجوز ان يتيمم الانسان بدلا من الطهارة أذا خاف ان تفوته الصلاة روى ذلك
And this narration includes that purity (taharah) is better, and it indicates that lack of purity is also permissible. And it is allowed for a person to perform dry ablution (tayammum) in place of ritual purity if he fears that he will miss the prayer. This was narrated by:
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَرَّتْ بِهِ جَنَازَةٌ وَ هُوَ عَلَى غَيْرِ طُهْرٍ قَالَ« يَضْرِبُ بِيَدَيْهِ عَلَى حَائِطِ اَللَّبِنِ فَيَتَيَمَّمُ»
Muhammad ibn Ya'qub from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa from al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from his brother al-Hasan from Zur'ah from Sama'ah, who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man over whom a funeral (procession) passes while he is not in a state of purity. Imam (a.s) said: “He should strike his hands on a clay wall and perform ‘tayammum’ (dry ablution).”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْكِنْدِيِّ عَنِ اَلْمِيثَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ تُصَلِّي اَلْحَائِضُ عَلَى اَلْجِنَازَةِ قَالَ« نَعَمْ وَ لاَ تَقِفُ مَعَهُمْ تَقُومُ مُفْرَدَةً»
Muhammad ibn Ya'qub from Humayd ibn Ziyad from al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Kindi from al-Mi’thami from Aban ibn Uthman from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdillah from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: I said to Imam al-Sadiq (a.s): “Does a menstruating woman (al-ha'id) pray over the funeral (Salat Al Mayyit)?” Imam (a.s) said: “Yes, but she does not stand with them (within rows with others); she stands separately.”
عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْحَائِضِ تُصَلِّي عَلَى اَلْجِنَازَةِ قَالَ« نَعَمْ وَ لاَ تَقِفُ مَعَهُمْ تَقِفُ مُفْرَدَةً»
Ali from his father from Hammad ibn Isa from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, about the menstruating woman (al-ha'id), does she pray over the funeral (Salat Al Mayyit)? Imam (a.s) said: “Yes, but she does not stand with them; she stands separately.”
سَعْدٌ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ وَ اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« اَلطَّامِثُ تُصَلِّي عَلَى اَلْجِنَازَةِ لِأَنْ لَيْسَ فِيهَا رُكُوعٌ وَ لاَ سُجُودٌ وَ اَلْجُنُبُ يَتَيَمَّمُ وَ يُصَلِّي عَلَى اَلْجِنَازَةِ»
Sa’ad from Abu Ja’far from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Najran and al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from Hammad from Hariz from someone who informed him from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “The menstruating woman (al-tamith) may pray over the funeral (Salat Al Mayyit), because it does not contain bowing (rukuh) or prostration (sujud). And the one in a state of major ritual impurity (al-junub) may perform tayammum and pray over the funeral.”
وَعَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ اَلطَّامِثِ إِذَا حَضَرَتِ اَلْجِنَازَةَ فَقَالَ« تَتَيَمَّمُ وَ تُصَلِّي عَلَيْهَا وَ تَقُومُ وَحْدَهَا بَارِزَةً مِنَ اَلصَّفِّ»
And from him, from Abu Ja’far, from Uthman, from Sama'ah, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him. Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked regarding the menstruating woman (al-tamith), and when she is present at the funeral. Imam (a.s) said: “She performs tayammum and prays over it (Salat Al Mayyit), and she stands alone, separate from the row.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ اَلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْحَائِضِ تُصَلِّي عَلَى اَلْجِنَازَةِ فَقَالَ« نَعَمْ وَ لاَ تَقِفُ مَعَهُمْ وَ اَلْجُنُبُ يُصَلِّي عَلَى اَلْجِنَازَةِ»
And from him, from Abu Ja’far, from his father and al-Abbas ibn Ma'ruf from Abdillah ibn al-Mughirah from a man, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) about the menstruating woman (al-ha'id), does she pray over the funeral (Salat Al Mayyit)? Imam (a.s) said: “Yes, but she does not stand with them. And the one in a state of major ritual impurity (al-junub) may also perform the funeral prayer.”
قال الشيخ رحمه الله وأولى الناس بالصلاة على الميت أولا هم بميراثه إلى آخر الباب
The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “The one most entitled to perform the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) over the deceased, is the one who is most entitled to inherit from him” until the end of the chapter.
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« يُصَلِّي عَلَى اَلْجِنَازَةِ أَوْلَى اَلنَّاسِ بِهَا أَوْ يَأْمُرُ مَنْ يُحِبُّ»
Muhammad ibn Ya'qub from Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Ibn Abi 'Umayr from one of his companions from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “The one who has the greatest right over the deceased performs the funeral prayer (Salat Al Mayyit), or he appoints whomever he wishes.”
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ اَلْمَرْأَةُ تَمُوتُ مَنْ أَحَقُّ اَلنَّاسِ بِالصَّلاَةِ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ« زَوْجُهَا» قُلْتُ اَلزَّوْجُ أَحَقُّ مِنَ اَلْأَبِ وَ اَلْوَلَدِ وَ اَلْأَخِ قَالَ« نَعَمْ وَ يُغَسِّلُهَا»
And from him, from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa from al-Husayn ibn Sa'id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah from Abu Basir from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I said to Imam al-Sadiq (a.s): “If a woman dies, who is the most entitled among the people to perform the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) over her?” Imam (a.s) said: “Her husband.” I asked: “Is the husband more entitled than the father, the child, and the brother?” Imam (a.s) said: “Yes, and he washes her.”
فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَاهُ مُحَسِّنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلصَّلاَةِ عَلَى اَلْمَرْأَةِ اَلزَّوْجُ أَحَقُّ بِهَا أَوِ اَلْأَخُ قَالَ« اَلْأَخُ»
As for what was narrated by Muhassin ibn Ahmad from Aban ibn Uthman from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdillah, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, regarding the funeral prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) over a woman, is the husband more entitled to it or the brother? Imam (a.s) said: “The brother.”
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ اَلْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلْمَرْأَةِ تَمُوتُ وَ مَعَهَا أَخُوهَا وَ زَوْجُهَا أَيُّهُمَا يُصَلِّي عَلَيْهَا قَالَ« أَخُوهَا أَحَقُّ بِالصَّلاَةِ عَلَيْهَا»
Ahmad ibn Abi Abdillah from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bukhtari from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam (a.s) was asked regarding a woman who dies and her brother and husband are present, which of them should pray (Salat Al Mayyit) over her? Imam (a.s) said: “Her brother is more entitled to perform the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) over her.”
فالوجه في هذين الخبرين ان تحملهما على ضرب من التقية لانهما موافقان لمذاهب العامة
So the proper interpretation of these two reports is to consider them as being based on taqiyyah (precautionary dissimulation), because they are in agreement with the doctrines of the general public (al-‘ammah, meaning non-Shia).
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ اَلْعَيَّاشِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ هَلْ تَؤُمُّ اَلنِّسَاءَ قَالَ« تَؤُمُّهُنَّ فِي اَلنَّافِلَةِ فَأَمَّا فِي اَلْمَكْتُوبَةِ فَلاَ وَ لاَ تَتَقَدَّمُهُنَّ وَ لَكِنْ تَقُومُ وَسَطَهُنَّ»
Muhammad ibn Mas'ud al-'Ayyashi from Muhammad ibn Nusayr, who said: Muhammad ibn al-Husayn narrated to us from Ja’far ibn Bashir from Hisham ibn Salim from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) about the woman, can she lead other women in prayer? Imam (a.s) said: “She may lead them in the nafilah (supererogatory prayer), but as for the maktoobah (obligatory prayer), then no. And she should not stand in front of them, but rather she stands in the middle of them.” (meaning other women will join her shoulder-to-shoulder either side of her)
وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ اَلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي اَلْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ اَلْمَرْأَةُ تَؤُمُّ اَلنِّسَاءَ قَالَ« لاَ إِلاَّ عَلَى اَلْمَيِّتِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ أَوْلَى مِنْهَا تَقُومُ وَسَطَهُنَّ فِي اَلصَّفِّ فَتُكَبِّرُ وَ يُكَبِّرْنَ»
And from him, from al-Abbas ibn al-Mughirah, who said: al-Fadl ibn Shadhan narrated to me from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from Hariz from Zurarah from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I asked Imam al-Baqir (a.s): “Can a woman lead other women in prayer?” Imam (a.s) said: “No, except over the deceased (Salat Al Mayyit), if there is no one more entitled than her. She stands in the middle of them in the row, and she says the takbir, and they say the takbir.”
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« إِذَا حَضَرَ اَلْإِمَامُ اَلْجِنَازَةَ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ اَلنَّاسِ بِالصَّلاَةِ عَلَيْهَا»
Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Talhah ibn Zayd from Abu Abdillah (a.s), said: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “If the Imam is present at the funeral, then he is the most entitled of the people to perform the prayer over it.”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنِ اَلنَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ اَلسَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:« إِذَا حَضَرَ سُلْطَانٌ مِنْ سُلْطَانِ اَللَّهِ جِنَازَةً فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِالصَّلاَةِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ قَدَّمَهُ وَلِيُّ اَلْمَيِّتِ وَ إِلاَّ فَهُوَ غَاصِبٌ»
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Ibrahim ibn Hashim from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from Imam Ja’far (a.s) from his father Imam al-Baqir (a.s), from his forefathers, peace be upon them, who said: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “The Commander of the Faithful (a.s), peace be upon him, said: ‘If a ruler among the rulers of Allah (swt) (meaning Imam (a.s)), is present at a funeral, then he is the most entitled to perform the prayer (Salat Al Mayyit) over it, if the guardian of the deceased permits him. Otherwise, he (one who assumed without permission) is a usurper (Gasib).”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« لاَ يُصَلَّى عَلَى اَلْجِنَازَةِ بِحِذَاءٍ وَ لاَ بَأْسَ بِالْخُفِّ»
Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Isma’il ibn Mehran from Sayf ibn ‘Umayrah from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “One should not perform the funeral prayer in shoes (bi-hidha’), but there is no harm in (performing Salat Al Mayyit) in leather socks (khuff).”
